Ethnic Territory Research Articles

Ethnic maps of Ukrainian lands in works of West-European scientists of XIX century

The study examined the development of ideas of the limits of the Ukrainian people settling in connection with the compilation of ethnographical maps of Austrian and Russian monarchies since the 20s of XIX century. The views of researchers who have studied this question in different periods are analyzed. For the first time, the Ukrainian ethnic territory was reflected in printed form in 1477 in Bologna edition of C. Ptolemy’s “Geography”. The map was prepared by the chalcography method with a minor reworking of N. German. Since then this map was included to all of 57 editions of this “Geography” until 1730. Changes in the boundaries of the settling of the Ukrainian nation were tracked based on a detailed study and analysis of cartographic sources, summarizing the results of ethnographic, historical and geographical research of Ukrainian ethnic territory. Regular censuses of the population were introduced in the early XIX century in many European countries and ethnographic research connected with the Ukrainian national revival was significantly intensified. It created the objective preconditions for the beginning of ethnic mapping in the 1820s. It was possible to map the composition of the population in detail, individually by settlements and to determine the absolute and relative part of a separate nationality in a certain territory. Basic cartographic works reflected the ethnic Ukrainian territory were chronologically depicted. A description of many ethnic maps was made. The history of the ethnographic mapping of the territory of the settling of Ukrainians was chronologically analyzed based on the processing a significant number of maps and literature sources. Key words: ethnographic research, map, Ukrainian lands, ethnos.

The titles “Rus”, “Red Rus” on European maps of XIV-XVIII centuries

Geographers and historians are interested in the origin of the title “Rus” for a long period. It is an object of numerous speculations and hypotheses contained in geographical, historical and linguistic-cultural research. During the last two centuries, an enormous number of sources that devoted to the origin of the title Rus were amassed in linguistics, historical and geographical literature. The main aim of this article is to explore the location of Rus, Red Rus during different historical periods for indication of Ukrainian ethnic territory or its parts by using a foreign cartographic material of XIV–XVIII centuries. Development and becoming of cartography in this period were analyzed. The use of names “Rus”, “Red Rus” by European cartographers was researched. The views of researchers who have studied this question in different periods were analyzed. Changes in the title of “Rus” on European maps during the research period were tracked based on a detailed study and analysis of scientific and cartographic sources, summarizing the results of geographical research toponymy of Ukraine. The main maps, which depicted the territory of Rus, were chronologically described. A description of many old maps was made. The history of the mapping of the territory of Ukraine was represented in chronological order based on the processing of numerous cartographic and literature sources. Key words: Rus, Red Rus, White Rus, Black Rus, map.

The titles “Rus”, “Red Rus” on European maps of XIV-XVIII centuries

Geographers and historians are interested in the origin of the title “Rus” for a long period. It is an object of numerous speculations and hypotheses contained in geographical, historical and linguistic-cultural research. During the last two centuries, an enormous number of sources that devoted to the origin of the title Rus were amassed in linguistics, historical and geographical literature. The main aim of this article is to explore the location of Rus, Red Rus during different historical periods for indication of Ukrainian ethnic territory or its parts by using a foreign cartographic material of XIV–XVIII centuries. Development and becoming of cartography in this period were analyzed. The use of names “Rus”, “Red Rus” by European cartographers was researched. The views of researchers who have studied this question in different periods were analyzed. Changes in the title of “Rus” on European maps during the research period were tracked based on a detailed study and analysis of scientific and cartographic sources, summarizing the results of geographical research toponymy of Ukraine. The main maps, which depicted the territory of Rus, were chronologically described. A description of many old maps was made. The history of the mapping of the territory of Ukraine was represented in chronological order based on the processing of numerous cartographic and literature sources. Key words: Rus, Red Rus, White Rus, Black Rus, map.

Interethnic Marriages and Relationships of the Tlingits in the Russian–American Period and Their Significance

This article deals with relationships and marriages of the Tlingit with immigrants from the Russian Empire as well as with representatives of other European and non-European peoples during the period when Alaska belonged to the Russian Empire. Matrimonial relations existed in two variants: legal, sanctified by the church, and in the form of permanent extramarital cohabitation or casual relationships. The latter variant absolutely predominated. With this, there was a sharply reflected gender imbalance, since men absolutely predominated among the immigrants, and therefore Tlingit women emerged in the role of marriage partners in the overwhelming majority of cases. A directly opposite pattern was observed in Tlingit contacts with the Athapaskans and to some extent with the Eyak. Matrimonial connections exerted influence on the workings of the Russian colonization, stimulated growth in mixed populations, and facilitated gradual acculturation of the Tlingit, along with contributing to the expansion of their ethnic territory.

MODERN POLITICAL MENTALITY OF THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE

Problem setting. Consideration of the basic contemporary mental characteristics of the Ukrainian people will make it possible to better understand the global perspective of the newest state building in Ukraine.Recent research and publications analysis. Mentality is thoroughly investigated by many scholars as a sociocultural phenomenon in all its diversity and complexity (S. Acre- man, R. Dodonov, J. Dyubi, D. Eber, G. Gachev, M. Gubanov, V. Gulay, L. Herasina,L. Lévy-Bruhl et al.). Particular attention deserves works that explore the phenomenon of Ukrainian mentality in all its diversity.Paper objective. The purpose of this article is to identify the modern political and mental characteristics of the Ukrainian people based on an analysis of its long-standing and recent historical experience.Paper main body. The article reveals the historical context and specific features of the modern political mentality of the Ukrainian people. The most important mental char- acteristics of Ukrainians are established using methods of historical description and sociological survey. Today, community-centeredness is a necessary mental lever for the process of decentralization, which thanks to the efforts of the central Ukrainian authori- ties led by the President of Ukraine P. O. Poroshenko is gaining momentum in modern Ukraine and has full support from the overwhelming majority of the population. This is the case when Ukrainians are typical Europeans for whom the efficient system of local self-government acts as the basis of the regime of the political polyarchy.The dominant factor in the specifics of the mental basis of Ukrainianity is long-term statelessness. This factor led to the emergence and existence of statist (state) anomie as an integral part of the political mentality of the Ukrainian people.Non-government led to the apparent disunity of Ukrainian ethnic territories in time. The affiliation of the Ukrainian lands to the Austro-Hungarian, Russian empires, Czecho- slovakia, Poland, Romania influenced the traditions, life and culture of various groups of the Ukrainian people. For example, anarchism, collectivism and paternalism are considered to be decisive for the mentality of the Dnieper people, compared with the Galician national consciousness and identification in them is much weaker.On the other hand, the mentality of Galician Ukrainians was constantly in the field of Western European culture (Polish, German, and Austrian). An important role in the mental setting of this branch of the Ukrainian people was played by the Greek-Catholic Church, which is directly subordinate to the Pope. According to the overwhelming major- ity of specialists, the habitants of Galicia have more characteristic features such as respect for property, hard work, management skills, conservatism and individualism.In addition to the regional mental separation among Ukrainians, social mental het- erogeneity has always been manifested. It is a question of the existence of two main types of mental: the Cossack and peasant.The 2004 Orange Revolution and the 2014 Revolution of Dignity showed a complete rejection of dictatorial and authoritarian-voluntarist practices with modern Ukrainian mentality.Conclusions of the research. Conclusions are drawn: the modern political mentality of the Ukrainian people has a hybrid character (modern elements are combined with traditional ones); in connection with the process of decentralization, the mental constantof Ukrainianity was updated; will and freedom have become existential imperatives for the vast majority of modern representatives of the Ukrainian people; a new, pro-Western activist type of mentality is gradually being born and spread; the national identity and the state character of the political consciousness of Ukrainianity crystallize.

Makro in mikro posledice anšlusa: ko je postala severovzhodna Slovenija za Britance res prvič geopolitično pomembna

Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovenian (Abstract in Slovenian and English, Summary in English) Key words: Anschluss, north-eastern Slovenia, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Third Reich, Great Britain, secrets/intelligence services, Special Operations Executive, diplomacy, British consulate in Slovenia, 1938–1941 Abstract: The article presents selected macro and micro consequences of the Anschluss, the Nazi annexation and incorporation of Austria into "Greater Germany" in March/April 1938, when the Slovenian north-eastern region (and the entire northern part of the Drava banovina) gained significance practically overnight, since there the Kingdom of Yugoslavia bordered directly on the Third Reich. Based on an analysis of lesser known sources from the National Archives in London and taking into account published documents and relevant literature, the article sheds light on the efforts of the British to establish a more effective counter-Nazi intelligence service, which finally evolved into the Special Operations Executive; the development of this service among Slovenians; the efforts of the British diplomats to establish a consulate in Ljubljana; the situation on the ground. The purpose of the article is to present one of the key issues of the period right before the eve of the Second World War and to point out the crucial fact that following the Anschluss, north-eastern Slovenia and the Slovenian ethnic territory in general gained great geopolitical significance – for the British, for the first time in history. We took into account the time frame from the spring of 1938 to the April aggression of 1941.

Moneda y territorio: la realidad y su imagen

Se valora la utilidad de la Numismática, con ejemplos documentales, en la delimitación geográfica de ciertos tipos de territorio: étnicos, políticos, económicos, sociales o religiosos. También se discute el valor que la moneda jugó en la Antigüedad como imagen de una ciudad o un territorio, trayendo a colación la del jinete ibérico y las monedas sicilianas Hispanorum.

МІСЦЕ І РОЛЬ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ТОВАРИСТВА У ПРОФЕСІЙНОМУ СТАНОВЛЕННІ МОЛОДІ В ЧЕХО-СЛОВАЦЬКІЙ РЕСПУБЛІЦІ МІЖВОЄННОЇ ДОБИ

В статье проанализирован культурно-просветительский аспект функционированияУкраинского педагогического общества(УПО) как профессионально-научнойорганизации украинской эмиграции в Чехо-Словацкой республике в емжвоенныйпериод. Акцентрировано на становлениии деятельности УПО, которыеудовлетворяли профессиональные,национальные, культурные, социально-экономические интересы в поликультурнойи инонациональной среде. Установлено, чтокультурно-просветительская деятельностьчленов УПО включала созданиепрофессиональных курсов для подготовкиквалифицированных педагогов и повышенияконкурентоспособности украинскихэмигрантов на ехослочвацкомобразовательном рынке труда и украинскихэтнических территориях; издательскуюдеятельность; организацию и участиев культурно-массовых мероприятиях.

The bibliography of the winter ritual music of ukrainians: materials and researches (to help a young researcher and teacher)

The purpose of the publication is to collect together all the main publications on the theme "Ukrainian folk music of Christmas and New Year holidays". The lists contain works describing Christmas and New Year habits and rituals, the research assignments of musical folklore and the music score and text materials of the New Year songs and Christmas carols from different regions of Ukraine, as well as from the Ukrainian ethnic territories that are now in the administrative boundaries of the neighboring countries. Another goal along with the primary scientific course is to help teachers of folklore subjects in different educational institutions. An additional short list of the main scien-tific articles and materials recommended is available (addressed specifically for lecturers). Key words: Ukrainian folklore; Winter rituals; Christmas carols and New Year songs; Bibliography; Notography; Folklore and pedagogy.

Current center of ukrainian ethnomusicology (dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the activity of The laboratory of ethnomusicology of Ukrainian national Tchaikovsky academy of music)

The article is dedicated to 25th anniversary of the Problem Scientific Research Laboratory (PSRL) of Ethnomusicology at the Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music, and explores its main fields of activity; among them - expedition-field work in Ukraine and at marginal Ukrainian ethnic territories beyond state borders, archiving and preservation of the audio-collection, note transcription of song texts and melodies, theoretic studies of folk music including the geographical distribution of song types; performance reconstruction and promotion of ethnic music. Disclosed are PSRL main achievements during 25 years of its professional activity.

ETHNOTERRITORIAL RECONFIGURATIONS OFSOCIAL CONFLICTS: FROM CULTURAL DIFFERENCE TO POLITICAL FRAGMENTATION (BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA)

Abstract Despite the constitutional inscription of the territorial rights of indigenous and quilombola peoples, a new kind of conflict has emerged between differently classified populations. This article documents this conflict through the study of a disagreement between 'quilombola' and 'indigenous' populations in central Amazonia. The solutions of various actors reveal doubts concerning the real 'ethnic contrast' between the protagonists. The current organisation in ethnic territories is seen as the most recent instance of a series of socioterritorial reorganisations already adopted by the populations in interaction with diverse bodies. The article reconstructs the shifting alliances between opposed factions, highlighting the modalities involved in their formation. When the rights granted by the State to groups of populations due to their exceptionality come under threat, as at present, it is essential to recognise that the fluidity between legal categories reflects their shared struggle for survival.

Harmony, Home and Anthropomorphism: Representation of Minority Nationalities in Contemporary Chinese Ethnic Children’s Literature

Since the 1990s, Chinese ethnic cultures have balanced precariously between a passion for authentically-defined ecology in ethnic territories and a nationwide obsession with economic development, and this affects how ethnicity is represented in Chinese children’s literature. Within a context of growing homogeneity and vanishing minority cultures, this essay investigates contemporary Chinese ethnic animal literature for young adults through the lens of subalternity. Examining key concepts of harmony, home and anthropomorphism facilitates an understanding of how ethnicity and animality are translated into each other in selected children’s stories. A close reading and analysis of the texts reveals how the representation of Chinese ethnicity works through animals on one hand, and ethnic adolescents on the other, and how the ethnic predicament is accentuated by issues of identity, spaces and the assimilationist agenda.

Karel Štrekelj and His Unpublished Collection of Slovenian Folktales

Abstract:Karel Štrekelj (1859–1912), a prominent Slovenian folklorist and philologist, published among other a scientific edition of Slovenian Folk Songs and was also the first to introduce the term »folklore« to Slovenian humanities. He focused his scientific attention on dialects, etymology, historical grammar, and history of literature but his greatest contribution was to the field of folklore studies and ethnology. While he published the collection of folk songs, the manuscripts of folk tales have remained unpublished. These tales had been sent to him by collectors from different parts of the Slovenian ethnic territory. Although Štrekelj did intend to publish them in a critical edition of Slovenian folktales and legends his untimely death prevented him from starting to organize this extensive material. He already created some basic criteria for such an arduous task, and intended to contact his Czech colleague Jiři Polívka in Prague for further instructions. In comparison with other major yet older collections of this type, for example those published by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Aleksander Nikolaevič Affanasev, and Vuk Karadžić it may be said that Slovenian folktales from Štrekelj's legacy are unquestionably of great importance for the Slovenian nation though.

Традиционное природопользование шапсугов: перспективы возрождения

The issue of the current socio-economic situation among the Shapsugs (indigenous people of the Russian Federation), currently live in Tuapse and Lazarevsky districts of Sochi, is considered. Special attention is paid to problems of conservation, allocation and protection of “native habitat” (“ethnic territories”) of Shapsugs and their traditional way of life. The relevance of the study stems from the fact that the politicization of these issues continues. Reduction of territories for a number of indigenous ethnic groups in which they originally lived and led their farm, the pendency of the issue contributes to increasing tensions in Black Sea region. For Shapsugs it is due to the privatization of agricultural land in the 1990-ies and the expansion of nature conservation areas of Sochi city-resort. Periodically the issue is raised about the re-establishment of territorial autonomy in the form of the Shapsug national district - as one of the guarantors of the distinguishing and protection of “native habitat.” The study defined the concept of “ethnic territory,” equivalent to the concept of “territory of traditional nature use.” The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the situation in other regions of the Russian Federation (Shor national park, Kemerovo region). The attempts to resolve the difficulties are considered. The work is performed on the basis of analysis of historiography, media publications and documents of the Administration of Krasnodar region, data on the national public associations and congresses of Shapsugs.

Чернігівщина та Львівщина в контексті спільних ойконімних домінант

In the article analyzes the oikonimes of the present Chernihiv and Lviv regions, which testify to the unity of the Ukrainian oikonimes space, starting from the period of Kievan Rus. The purpose of the article is defined – to consider oikonimes as linguocultural symbols with a large content of information about the socio-historical and cultural life of the autochthonous people on their land. It is noted that the linguocultural aspect of onomastic research involves studying the national-cultural background, which has its own names, shows the connection of the process of creation with the ethnic consciousness, national mentality and culture, as a rule, monolithic throughout the ethnic territory. Analyzed by oikonimts Buzhsk, Lyubech, Lyubsha, Lviv, Orhosh, Snovsk, Udech, Chernykhiv, Chernigiv and others, as evidenced by the definitive oiconimes dominant of the ancient Chernihiv and Halych lands. It was found out that the person-nominator is in the center of the created onimes, and the names of the inhabited and named objects form a unique onimes space. It has been proved that the analysis of anthroponymes, which became the basis for the names of settlements, has a special place within the linguocultural perspective. Anthroponymes are some of the most cultured language signs, and hence the anthroponymes system of any language is a fundamental material for the knowledge and disclosure of the consciousness of the people, for understanding national psychology, even the regional character of a person. Examined by oikonimes within the three models: the possessive formations on   -*jь, derivates on -*ovъ, from hydrоnymes oikonimes with suffix -*ьskъ. Summed up, the same oikonimes models speak about the uniform principles of nomination of settlements; ancient slavic names, the components of which are read in the foundations of the oikonimes, testify to the spiritual and cultural unity of those whose names served as the motive for the nomination of settlements. Key words: oikonim, anthroponym, hydronym, onomastics, linguoculture, Chernihiv region, Lviv region.

CREATION OF A SPECILIZED TOPONYMIC GIS FOR AREAS OF DERUSSIFICATION, DESOVIETIZATION AND DECOMMUNIZATION

The main purpose of any geographical name is the fixation of a particular object or territory with a spatial reference on the earth’s surface. Regional toponymy is a priceless monument of spiritual culture of humanity, preserving the memory of the peoples about his past. Each name reflects the characteristics of the named object, causing the efficiency to attract them to various historical, geographical and linguistic problems. There’s a certain degree of variability – as separate names, and toponymic complex – not only in space but also in time. This is due to features of the historical development of ethnic groups and territories, and ongoing political changes. However, in 1972 the General conference of UNESCO adopted the Convention concerning the protection of world cultural and natural heritage, intended to prevent distortions and renaming of historical names. In this regard, an important and urgent task is preservation of names of geographical objects, widely known in the past, and currently existing as an integral part of the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of different regions of the Earth. In particular toponymy of certain regions of derussification, desovietization and decommunization as an object of multifaceted complex system of study should be dealt with, as well as analysis of toponyms subjected to these processes since their inception to the present time – preserved in historical sources, official documents and live speech, and in retrospective cartographic materials. In accordance with the comprehensive multidisciplinary focus of the study and toponymy in general, solving these tasks, as well as the promotion of scientific knowledge and information on the toponymy in the community, is designed to promote the development and creation of spatial databases for specialized toponymic GIS. Because toponymy as a separate territory is a system, its main structural and functional elements, interconnection and interaction, allow one widely to use the methods of geoinformation modeling and mapping.

Regional differentiation and the geopolitical and transboundary position of the Presheva Valley

Abstract The determination of the Presheva Valley as a special region highlights the need for theoretical analysis and the use of different methods and principles which enable geographical regionalization. The Presheva Valley represents a natural continuation of the Albanian ethnic territories. With a very convenient position in terms of geography and transportation, as well as its geostrategic and geopolitical basis, it has been occupied by many invaders throughout different periods of history. Under the current administrative, political and territorial division of Serbia, the municipalities of Presheva and Bujanoci belong to the Pčinja district, based in Vranje, while the municipality of Medvegja belongs to the Jablanica district, based in Leskoc. The Presheva Valley has had the status of special region in various periods, but since it shares historical, ethnic and demographic characteristics with other Albanian ethnic territories, it has frequently been separated for the purpose of the assimilation of the Albanian people.

Origin of ornaments of kuntush belts of Ukraine, Belarus and Poland XVII–XIX of centuries

The article is devoted to the sources of «kuntush» belts ornaments on ethnic territories of Ukraine, Belarus and Poland during the Baroque — Romanticism period. We consider some historical facts that shed some light on the origin of various reasons, specific technologies, ethno-cultural traditions.

Cooperation Mykhailo Hrushevsky of Ukrainian Moscow in the early XX century

Scientific and journalistic activities Hrushevskyi had an impact on the activation of Ukrainian national movement, not only for ethnic territory of Ukraine but also among the Ukrainian community in Moscow and St. Petersburg.For example, in 1910 the Ukrainian Moscow invited Hrushevskyi to the presidium of the Ukrainian section of society Slavic culture. Contacts between Hrushevskyi and representatives of the colony intensified after the appearance of Ukrainian colonies on the plans Russian special edition of the magazine on Ukrainian issues. Discovered archival documents show that Hrushevskyi, Petliura consulted on such matters: feasibility journal during this period, thematic focus, editorial staff, Hrushevskiy part in its work.Ukrainians wanted to see his article in the first issue. For this reason, the output magazine was slightly delayed. This issue opens article "Ukraine and Ukrainians," which caused a wide resonance. Further Hrushevskyi was an active author of the magazine. There are regularly published review of his works, news of his public life, the information stays in exile and more. When autumn 1916 M.Hrushevskyi allowed to serve exile in Moscow, he soon actively engaged in social work.The main activities of Hrushevskyi at this time include: he participated in the creation of the first Ukrainian-language magazine in Moscow "Promin" ("Ray."), publishing, cooperation with M.Gorky on the preparation of the book "Ukraine and Russia in their spiritual life."In Moscow also celebrated the 50th anniversary of the scientist primarily in the edition volume 12 (1916) of Ukrainian Life, which is mainly focused Hrushevskyi.After the February Revolution Hrushevsky was elected chairman of the Central Council and he returned to Ukraine.

Ermanarichs arctoi gentes (Jordanes Getica, 116)

The well-knowm fragment from Jordanes Getica (116) containing the list of northern peoples allegedly conquered by the Gothic king Ermanarich is reconsidered taking into account the long history of studies, data of other late antique and early medieval sources and onomastics of Finno-Ugric, Iranian and North Caucasian languages. The list is considered to be originally a Gothic poetical memorandum similar to other Germanic thulas (as, e.g., in “Widsith”) introduced into Latin text and partly latinized. The beginning of the list is determined after the syntax of the sentence where it is included and later interpunction of manuscripts. Beginning with the Gothic word thiudos ‘peoples’ (Acc. pl.) the list is reconstructed as enumeration of ethnic groups and territories along the way from the Baltic over the Ladoga Lake to the upper Volga and down the Volga River up to its mouth and the North Caucasian steppe up to the Black Sea and, probably, Crimea. This must have been a way discovered by a Gothic expedition in the middle of the 4th c., when the Goths were very active in the Volga basin as it may be seen from the archaeological materials. All the names of the list are localized and interpreted with minimal emendations since they have either good parallels in historical sources or modern onomastics or may be understood as fragments of Gothic text. The results are shown on the map (Fig. 3).