Ethnic Sphere Research Articles

АНАЛІЗ ОСНОВНИХ НАПРЯМКІВ ВОЄННОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ,ШЛЯХІВ ЇЇ ОЦІНКИ ТА ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ

This article is devoted to the analysis of the main directions of military security, ways of its assessment and forecasting. The military security of Ukraine is derived from the level of development of the economic, informational, actually military and scientific-technological base of the state, the system of political relations in society, the degree of democratic development of the state, and the system of international relations. The purpose of this study is the desire of the authors to systematically show all directions, their interrelationship and peculiarities of implementation in the conditions of military operations between Ukraine and Russia. The definition of the level of military security should be based on a system of indicators that comprehensively characterize the general situation in the region, the tension in the military-political relations of the parties, the ratio of the potential capabilities of the armed forces, the presence of interests in Ukraine, the implementation of which may require military force, as well as the confidence of the military the political leadership of neighboring states in the expediency of armed violence as a means of achieving political goals. The results of the analysis of events that characterized the manifestations of military security in wars and armed conflicts of the last decades in the political, military, economic, informational, religious, territorial and ethnic spheres are given. It is considered as a consistent selection of expertly significant intermediate states (ESPS) of the process of realization of national interests or the system of ensuring the national security of the state. For each selected ESPS, sets of main participants, forces, factors, etc. are formed, which, according to experts, will influence the deviation of the forecast scenario from the basic one in EZPS and a set of factors that describe or relate to the forecasted scenario are fixed, possible micro-scenarios are built and the degrees of their deviation from the basic scenario are evaluated using the technologies of multivariate analysis in - the method of analysis of hierarchies. A scale of relative importance is presented, and an analysis and assessment of the level of national security and its components is made. As a result of research, it is substantiated that an increase in the modified generalized indicator means an increase in the object's reliability (safety) indicator, and its decrease means a decrease in this indicator.

National policy of the soviet government on the territory of Nothern Bukovyna and Khotyn region during the first period of sovietization (june 1940 – june 1941)

In the twentieth century, Bukovyna experienced a fourfold change of government and came under the rule of totalitarian regimes – first Romanian, then Soviet. The policy of the Soviet regime in the ethnic sphere – forced Russification, mass repression, which was one of the means of Sovietization of Bukovyna which deprived the region of its uniqueness and special spirit.A study shows the national policy of the Soviet government in the first year of the formation of Soviet power. The initial theoretical and methodological foundations of research include consideration concepts of «national policy». The author reveals the reaction of ethnic minorities to the entry of the Red Army on the territory of Northern Bukovyna and Khotyn region on June 28, 1940.It is pointed out that in the initial period of the formation of Soviet power, the Soviet government carried out significant agitation and propaganda, as well as work with ideological education, especially in the initial period, which was replaced by the party and the official government. The author conducts a separate analysis of the features of national policy for each of the national minorities who lived in this area. Therefore, indicating participation in activities related to the delegation of powers; participation in political and socio-political organizations.The article includes not only the positive side of national policy, but also attention to repressive measures, which is a place in the policy of the Soviet government. Repression and mass deportations of the population reduce the consequences for the region, lead to a deterioration of the main demographic indicators of the region.

Analysis of Russian Foreign Action Decision-Making under Prospect Theory

Prospect theory, as a meso-theory of foreign policy-making, has shown unique advantages in analyzing foreign policy-making problems. The Russian-specific complex frame of reference plays an important role in decision-making on high-political issues, framing itself in a constant-loss framework through complex reference dependence, and thus exhibiting dynamic loss characteristics. The Russian complex frame of reference is a three-dimensional dynamic framework consisting of four main reference spheres: the Slavic ethnic sphere, the Orthodox cultural belt, the collection of Russian-speaking communities, and the focus of geopolitical interests, and thus exhibits different subjective value judgments, i.e., psychological reactions. The compounding of the different spheres leads to a superimposed effect in framing Russia's situation and to a strong representation of its behavioral responses.

Becoming Korean: Japanese wives in the boundary formation of a leftist zainichi community

ABSTRACT Korean–Japanese marriages were common during and after Japan’s imperial rule of Korea. Following the Japanese Empire’s demise, however, Japanese wives in Korean families faced new political dynamics and their ethnic belonging became an issue. This article introduces the experiences of some Japanese women who married leftist zainichi Korean men in the 1950s and 1960s, obtained through interviews and published memoirs. Their self-identification exclusively as members of the zainichi Korean community – or their experiences of “becoming Korean,” despite facing oppression in both the Korean community and Japanese society reflect the specific historical moment of Korean decolonization in post-imperial Japan. Their stories attest that Koreans’ efforts toward decolonization led to the establishment of an autonomous ethnic sphere and a new center of moral authority among zainichi Koreans. These women stood at the boundary between Korean and Japanese social spheres, which developed based on the malleability in women’s senses of ethnic and national belonging. Recovering their experiences can help us integrate post-imperial tensions and decolonization into the history of postwar Japanese society.

Этномазаика программ радио «Достук» Общественной телерадиовещательной корпорации Кыргызстана

Kyrgyzstan is a multi-ethnic state in which representatives of more than 100 different ethnic groups live. Media content of Kyrgyzstan reflects multilingualism and culture of ethnic groups living in the republic. Nowadays, the print media (newspapers, magazines) are presented in the information field of Kyrgyzstan, the main purpose of which is the versatile coverage of the life of a particular ethnic group, its interaction in a multi-ethnic society. If the ethno-thematic materials of these publications are not absolute, they can be predominant, which gives the right to classify them as ethnic media. Their founders are ethnic public associations, sources of financing are ethnic communities, and also in some cases ethnic ancestral home. According to the latest data, about 10 ethnic public associations have their own print media. The state provides broadcasting to ethnic groups in their native language in the Public Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) of the Kyrgyz Republic. The editorial policy of PBC is built in the interests of Kyrgyzstan’s population, taking into account the ethnic, national and cultural diversity of the country. In a television format, all ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan have the opportunity to participate in special television programs of the PBC that cover the ethnic sphere, such as “Wheel of Life (Колесо жизни)”, “Our country Kyrgyzstan (Мекеним Кыргызстан), as well as in ethnographic programs of other private television channels 1–2 times a year. Radio Dostuk (Friendship) was launched as part of the PBC development strategy for the period 2013–2015, as well as complying with the concept of strengthening the unity of the people and interethnic relations in the Kyrgyz Republic. The main content of the radio is created in close cooperation with the diasporas, as well as with the Assembly of the Peoples of Kyrgyzstan. Today, Tatars, Uighurs, Ukrainians, Poles and other nations can broadcast their programmes on Dostuk Radio. Nowadays, more than ever, it is necessary to develop a culture of interethnic relations, interpersonal dialogue in a multi-ethnic society. Therefore, it is important that the media contribute to the strengthening of statehood and the formation of a common civic identity for Kyrgyz citizens.

THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO TYPIFICATION OF ETHNOGEOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS

Problem Statement and Purpose . In modern conditions the role of ethnic factor in social development is greatly increased. Ethno-geographic component directly or indirectly affects many factors of life of the population of Ukraine, among which we mention, first of all: regional politics, ethnic politics, regionalization and administrativeterritorial reform, decentralization. The work purpose is the substantiation of theoretical approaches to typing ethnogeographic systems. According to this aim the following objectives – to identify the preconditions and the specific use of a systematic approach to ethno-geographic research; to define and justify the main qualitative and quantitative characteristics of typing ethno-geographic systems; to identify methodological problems of socialgeographical analysis of some elements of material and spiritual culture of the population. The object of study is ethno-geography systems as the basic unit etnosfere. The subjects of research are theoretical features typing ethno-geographic systems. Data & Methods. The basis of this article put methodological and methodological developments in the field of socio-geographic studies of various areas of public life. A key role in achieving the tasks assigned to the system method. In this paper we define the features of formation ethnosphere, which is a complex system, with all the diversity of levels of ethno-geographic systems, in conjunction with the natural and anthropogenic environmental factors. Results . Ethnic sphere of life of the population has a complex and multidimensional structure, which is based on ethnogeographic system. Ethno-geographic system (EGS) – a form of spatial organization of vital activity of ethnic groups formed according to the peculiarities of material and spiritual culture, which is characterized by a peculiar historical and geographic preconditions for development, resettlement of population reproduction, economic and social, politic and ethno-cultural processes. Genetic typing of EGS should be undertaken in several directions: EGS in the context of historical-geographical features of population settlement, EGS at different levels of territorial organization, the EGS and the use of the territory, historic and cultural features of multi-level EGS, features of the territorial organization of multilevel EGS. The revival and the evolution of ethnic geography need new approaches to the analysis of the population. The priority is the issue of transition from component-wise approach to the integrated analysis of the processes in ethno-national environment.

ENSURING INTERETHNIC CONCORD: CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN

Ethnic issues are of great importance in the modern world in general and in Kazakhstan in particular. Kazakhstan is a multiethnic country that has created its own model of interethnic relations. This article investigates Kazakhstan’s model of interethnic concord. It analyzes the model by revealing its main pillars, which are the legal framework, depoliticization of ethnic sphere, creation of one nation on the grounds of civil rather than ethnic identity, and the influential Assembly of People of Kazakhstan.

ETHNIC POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND AFTER 1989. DETERMINANTS AND SPECIFICS

Istotą artykułu jest próba pogłębionej refleksji na temat charakteru polityki etnicznej państwa polskiego po roku 1989, a więc w okresie transformacji ustrojowej. Punktem wyjścia rozważań są autorskie odniesienia do specyfiki i istoty polityki etnicznej jako polityki szczegółowej państwa, przede wszystkim w świetle paradygmatu badawczego właściwego badaniom politologicznym. Analizy dotyczą tak zagadnień teoretycznych, jak i praktycznych, w tym determinantów badanej polityki, instytucji/podmiotów ją kreujących, etapów, głównych koncepcji, zakresu realizacji oraz bilansu. Autor konkluduje, że realizowana w okresie transformacji polityka etniczna państwa polskiego zasługuje na pozytywną ocenę, tak w kontekście jej charakteru, jak i skuteczności. Stwierdza, że Polska wypracowała i prowadziła wtedy politykę nastawioną z jednej strony na tworzenie ram państwa demokratycznego, z drugiej pozytywne rozwiązywanie ujawniających się problemów w sferze etnicznej. Zaprezentowane rozważania bazują na wieloletnich badaniach własnych autora, licznych dokumentach oraz literaturze przedmiotu.

Libanesischstämmige Argentinier in der globalisierten Welt: Atmosphäre und ethnische Sphären

In order to understand the living together of people in times of growing global migration and information flows, it is important to understand the dynamics of global social orders, such as communities. This investigation of Argentinians of Lebanese descent aims to demonstrate how communities are constructed by people who claim to be completely integrated into their host society, while at the same time maintaining an independent collective identity. This study shows that communities are established by the creation of socio-material orders which Sloterdijk calls “spheres”. Emotional ties between their members and towards meaningful artefacts are the bases of cohesion in these spheres. Sloterdijk refers to this special nexus of emotional ties as “atmosphere”, and as their basis is commonly viewed as having a common country of origin the spheres will be labelled “ethnic spheres”. My approach to this problem employs qualitative interviews and participative observations collected during a six-month stay in Argentina.

Gender, Identity, and Islam

Books Reviewed: Valentine M. Moghadam, ed., From Patriarchy to Empowerment:Women’s Participation, Movements, and Rights in the Middle East,North Africa, and South Asia. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press,2007; Ida Lichter, Muslim Women Reformers: Inspiring Voices againstOppression. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2009; Wahida Shaffi, ed.,Our Stories, Our Lives: Inspiring Muslim Women’s Voices. Bristol, UK: ThePolicy Press for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2009.The realm of gender studies is rife with potential research foci: to comprisethe geographical, political, and ethical breadth that spans North Africa toSouth Asia, war novels and Iranian cinema to dowries and hudud is, then,a veritable feat. Assuming the concept of patriarchy as the nexus fromwhich to assess the multidimensional subjugation of women within thepolitical, socioeconomic, and ethnic spheres, Valentine M. Moghadamaffords a sweeping, yet insightful, collection of nineteen articles originatingfrom the “Women in the Global Community” conference hosted in Istanbulby the Fulbright Commission in September 2002 ...

‘Operating in the Ethnic Sphere’: Irish Migrant Networks and the Question of Respectability in Nineteenth-Century South Wales

This study explores the problems of entry by middle-class Irish migrants into respectable urban elite networks in British towns. Although opportunities to participate in political, cultural and charitable institutions were plentiful in nineteenth-century urban Britain, few Irish migrants achieved such distinctions. In the context of south Wales, this was because there were few opportunities for Irish migrants to acquire the necessary occupational status for entry into public life. Those Irish who worked in ‘middle class’ occupations, were more likely to do so in the retail and service sectors than in the professions, from which ranks local ‘worthies’ were more likely to be drawn. As a result, they struggled to attain status and remained on the margins of respectable Welsh middle-class life. For these Irish, the ‘ethnic sphere’ provided an alternative network within which status and recognition could be achieved.

ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ ЕКАТЕРИНЫ Ii ПО ВОЛГЕ В 1767 ГОДУ: УЗНАВАНИЕ ИМПЕРИИ

SUMMARY: Guzel’ Ibneeva’s article, based upon original research and broad range of secondary sources, explores the influence of Catherine II travels into the Middle Volga region upon her imperial policies. Claiming that Catherine was far from being a Western traveler eager to project his/her own visions of “civilization” or “barbarism”, Ibneeva argues that Catherine’s attentive study of her different subject nations brought to life more tolerant legislation in religious sphere (which, in terms of 18 th century Russian empire also meant ethnic sphere). The reader will find numerous references to Catherine’s own writings, as well as memoirs, correspondence, archival resources in the article and will have a chance to judge to what extent “the mapping of empire” occurred due to these remarkable journeys.

Patterns of Minority Identity: an Indian Case Study From the Perspective of Phenomenological Marxism

This paper is an analysis of the identity patterns of Muslims and Christians, the two largest minority communities in India, based on a field study in Lucknow. The focus of the paper is on 'ethnicity' as a social construction of reality by the individual as a member of the minority ethnic group. The self-society axis in the ethnic sphere of existence manifested in private and public identities has been studied from the perspective of the phenomenological sociology of knowledge Theoretical partnership with structural Marxism permits the construction of a mapping of 14 identity categories of minoritiness-minoritisation for 230 case histories which cast doubt on mechanistic and monolithic notions of minority communities