Ethnic Society Research Articles

Ethics of Regional Leadership with Local Wisdom of Siri 'Na Pacce in Makassar Ethnic Society

The study aims to determine the application of regional leadership ethics with local wisdom of Siri na Pacce Makassar ethnic community seen from the values contained in it, namely Appau Tojeng, Lambusu’, Jarrek, Sipakatau, Annyomba ri Karaeng La taala, and pacce. Continuity in the application of leadership values is reflected in the nature of leadership in the District Gowa Regency. The research method is descriptive qualitative, and the focus of research is on the leadership of the Regent of the Gowa Regency. Data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data on the research results were processed with the analysis technique model Miles and Huberman (2014). The results of the study show that local leadership ethics are still applied to a number of values, namely Appau Tojeng is applied through the union of words and actions taken; Jarrek is implemented through accountability for achieving the organization's vision and mission; Lambusu’ is applied through open information delivery; Sipakatau is implemented through the provision of benefits, Annyomba ri Karaeng Allah Taala is implemented through religious activities carried out within the scope of his administration; and pacce is applied through caring for employees and the community. Evidence of the importance of applying the ethical values of local cultural heritage to the organization's leadership, so that leaders, employees, and communities can create a good governance atmosphere

PERGESERAN SISTEM PERNIKAHAN ENDOGAMI MASYARAKAT ETNIS BUGIS

<p><em>Endogamy or marriage in family clumps or known as in-marriage is one way to maintain kinship relations in Bugis society. The purpose of this research is to know the development of the endogamous marriage system adopted by Bugis ethnic society to the present. </em><em>This research uses qualitative method</em><em> with fenomenology approach. </em><em>The</em><em> </em><em>subject </em><em>of this </em><em>research</em><em> consisted of six pairs of husband and wife who had mixed ethnic marriages.</em><em> </em><em>The results showed that the contemporary Bugis extended the boundaries of endogamy, from within close and extended families (cousins) to Bugis from the same village, and eventually to ethnic Bugis generally. </em><em>But over the times, technology and time have been able to erode the endogamous marriage system that was originally adopted by the Bugis</em><em> </em><em>ethnic</em><em> </em><em>society</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>There are several reasons that affect Bugis endogamous marriage system, such as the background of parents who choose to marry different cultures, gender (males who have more influence to determine the spouse), characters and prospective spouse's work.</em></p>

Pendidikan Toleransi dan Relevansinya dengan Dinamika Sosial Masyarakat Indonesia

The State of Indonesia is known for its pluralistic ethnic society that is constantly undergoing changes in every aspect of life. Tolerance education embedded in society aims to make citizens aware of equality in the life of the nation and state so they are be able to form harmonious Indonesian society side by side. This paper aims to describe the importance of tolerance education in the social dynamics of Indonesian people living in diversity. The method used in this research is literature study (literature review). The results of this study indicate that tolerance education is very relevant in the social dynamics of Indonesian society. The tolerance values ​​that must be instilled by the Indonesian people in daily life include: mutual respect, brothers and sisters, freedom, cooperation, mutual help, non-discrimination and a culture of sharing. With the existence of tolerance education, the Indonesian people can live in harmony and spared from conflict and animosity between fellow citizens.

"Vy, mladí Vietnamci ('nenakažení'), nás počeštěné banány prostě pochopit nemůžete": Mladí Vietnamci a superdiverzifikace českého novomediálního prostoru

This article analyses media texts written in Czech by young Vietnamese from 2008 to 2017. It aims to: a) describe how the authors categorise themselves and determine whether they construct their identity as hybrid; and b) consider whether these texts contribute to the superdiversification of the Czech space. Three identity versions appear in the material: banana children, young ‘uninfected’ Vietnamese, and the younger generation of banana children (BC, YUV, and YG). BC emphasise the hybrid character of their identity, i.e. the necessity of using two languages and behaving in accordance with the norms of two ethnic societies in their everyday lives. YUV declare that competence in Czech and knowledge of the social norms of the majority cannot change the fact that they are Vietnamese. YG assign basically the same features to their own category as to BC. But unlike them, YG usually consider the hybrid character of their identity to be self-evident. That the analysed texts problematise the role of language as a defining feature of ethnic identity can be considered an expression of the superdiversification of the Czech media and new media space. BC defend their right to not belong to a single ethnic society, YUV declare their identity to be exclusively Vietnamese, and MG express amazement that the existence of young Czech-speaking Vietnamese is still surprising to a part of the majority population.

Female Circumcision and the Construction of Female Sexuality: A Study on Madurese in Indonesia

This study explores the existing practice of female circumcision among the ethnic Madurese in the East Java province of Indonesia. The practice has long been believed to be part of the Islamization process as well as protecting the cultural traditions of the ethnic society in Madura. This study aimed to investigate two major issues: the prevalence of female circumcision in three districts on Madura Island, using a quantitative survey; and the cultural construction of female sexuality, using a qualitative method focused on observations and in-depth interviews with women, community leaders, and religious teachers. The findings of this study show that a greater number of females have been circumcised from as early as infants (under the age of one) to those in adolescence. The traditional views on the female body and sexuality have strongly influenced the continuity of the cultural practice. Moreover, observational analysis showed that Madurese society continues to believe that women who identify as Muslims are required to be circumcised. Women who are not circumcised are considered to have betrayed their religious, ethnic, and cultural identities. Furthermore, women cannot refuse or ask not to be circumcised, as many traditional families and religious leaders believe that the practice is required to purify the woman’s body and her sexuality.

Сравнительно-типологический анализ терминов родства в индоевропейских языках (на примере английского, немецкого, русского и урду)

Статья посвящена изучению терминов родства в английском, немецком, русском и урду – языках, принадлежащих индоевропейской языковой семье. Родственные отношения являются ключевыми для любого этноса и как важный элемент картины мира воплощаются в терминах родства. Целью данного исследования является анализ терминологической системы родства в указанных языках, а также выявление их этнокультурной специфики и сопоставление способов лексического обозначения членов семейной группы в исследуемых языках. В рамках проводимого исследования предпринимается попытка систематизировать термины родства. На основании ряда признаков (пол, характер родства, степень родства, родовая соотносительность, возрастные различия) проводится классификация изучаемых терминов, что позволяет наиболее точно установить специфику языковой репрезентации семантики терминов родства. В ходе исследования выдвигается гипотеза о потенциальном вытеснении ряда лексем из широкого обихода другими лексическими единицами более широкой семантики, что обусловливается экстралингвистическими реалиями. Полученные в результате анализа поисковых запросов, а также проведенного анкетирования носителей изучаемых языков данные подтверждают выпадение из активного употребления некоторых терминов родства и замену их описательными конструкциями. Таким образом, процесс конвергенции является одной из тенденций развития терминологической системы родства в исследуемых индоевропейских языках. Данный факт свидетельствует об изменениях, происходящих в социуме различных этносов. Определение этнокультурных особенностей представляется актуальным, так как дает возможность более глубоко проникнуть в суть социальных отношений на текущем витке человеческого развития в определенном языковом пространстве. Выражение национальных и культурных особенностей посредством языковых единиц является трудной задачей для иностранцев, изучающих язык той или иной страны. Тем не менее этот процесс интересен, поскольку расширение сферы межкультурных взаимодействий включает проникновение в этнические и культурные особенности языков для осуществления успешной куоммуникативной деятельности.

Intercultural Friendships, Social Identities and Psychological Well-Being of Ethnic Minorities in Different Contexts

ABSTRACTThe study focuses on the relationship between intercultural friendships, social identities, and well-being of ethnic Russians in three different contexts of the North and South Caucasus. We revealed the positive relations of intercultural friendships with the host society identity in all contexts and with the well-being of Russict ans in the culturally diverse contexts. Ethnic identity is positively related to the self-esteem of Russians in two more inclusive contexts, and, negatively associated with their life satisfaction in the least inclusive context. The ethnic and host society identities mediated the relationship between intercultural friendships and psychological well-being only in the most inclusive context.

The ethnozoology of Jering ethnic society in utilizing the animals for halal traditional medicine

Bangka island province has a high diversity of culture and local wisdom from its ethnic, one of them is Jerieng ethnic. Jerieng ethnic is tribe comes from Bangka Barat, especially Simpang Teritip subdistrict. Jerieng ethnic has knowledge in utilization biodiversity such as an animal that is utilized to be traditional medicine, This study is aimed to discover the knowledge of Jerieng ethnic about which animal used, knowing the method. to utilize it as traditional medicine and sort it into halal and haram based on Islamic law. The method used in this study is purposive sampling, include preliminary, data and information collecting, identification and grouping into halal and haram. Animals that are often used there are 21 species, 10 species (48%) categorized as halal and 11 species (52%) categorized as haram.

20세기 초 연변 의료시설과 의학계의 독립운동

The first peak of the Chinese-Korean ethnic group''s migration to the northeast was from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. In the late 19th century, with the brutal politics of the Korean government and the Japanese imperialist invasion of Korea, the northern Korean population crossed the Tu-men River and moved to Yanbian on a large scale. The immigration policy of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China assisted to gradually form the Korean society. In particular, taking the opportunity of the merger of Korea and Japan in 1910, many revolutionaries who pursued the independence of countries and national liberation gathered in Yanbian for the construction of overseas independence movement bases. Most of them, as Christian believers and doctors, carried out the patriotic enlightenment movement and anti-Japanese struggle in the Yanbian area and made great contributions to the medical service in Yanbian area. While introducing the medical facilities and personnel reform in Yanbian, this article analyzes the role and contribution of medical professionals in the society of Koreans through the activities of medical representatives such as Park Suh-yang, Martin, Shin Bok-dung, and Lee Kyong-jae. This article makes an effort to highlight the medical professionals who stuck to their duty as doctors, silently working for the ethnic society even though they were not well-known, because there is no apparent records verifying that they participated in the armed struggle for independence. It is also suggested that the contributions of those who had not yet been identified to the independence struggle should be tracked.

Mengingat Dan Mendekatkan Kembali Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal (Piil Pesenggiri) Sebagai Dasar Pendidikan Harmoni Pada Masyarakat Suku Lampung

This article presents about the study of remember and bring it back the local genius based on harmony education among Lampung ethnic society. The purpose of the study was to describe the noble values in local genius Lampung ethnic society regarding the activities of harmonious and peaceful life in the midst of multicultural society. The focus of the study was the philosophy of Lampung people, it was Piil Pesenggiri that had some values: Nemui Nyimah, Nengah Nyappur, Sakai Sambaian, and Juluk Adek/Adok. Those values were hold tight, become spirit, source identity self, dignity, the grandeur of life, etic code/moral (what is Good) in life of Lampung etnic society. This study were collected throught any research paper about Piil Pesenggiri. The results showed that Piil Pesenggiri could play a role in developing the awareness of the importance of group life and encourage cooperation to achieve commons goals.

Epos as a factor of formation of ethnic identity of a personality (on the example of Republic of Mordovia)

The preservation and development of ethnic and cultural diversity of the peoples of Russia, the harmonization of national and interethnic relations can be achieved through the education of a person, a representative of a particular ethnic group (the bearer of its culture), as well as the development of a person, a citizen of one’s country. In other words, it can happen through the formation of ethnic and closely related civil identity of the individual within the framework of ethno-cultural education. In the work the institutional approach is applied to the problem of ethno-cultural education, which reveals its possibilities from the perspective of relationships with the ethnic group, socio-cultural sphere and society. It allows to consider ethno-cultural education not only as a mechanism for the transfer of knowledge and training, but also as a cultural institution, which is an important means of preserving and developing the individual’s human and national identity. Ethno-cultural education employs various methods and means of influence on the individual, aimed at preserving ethnic identity and national worldview. Epos becomes a powerful means of education and preservation of the national genetic code in the younger generation, and the formation of not only national but also universal values. The Mordovian epos “Mastorava” has received world popularity. Its literary version was created by a scholar and a poet A. M. Sharonov on the ancient Erzya and Moksha myths and epic songs. Meanwhile, it remains insufficiently studied, and its educational opportunities remain unrealized. The authors conclude that it is expedient to be included in the process of ethnocultural education in a multinational region by the means of the study of epic works of the peoples inhabiting it, which will contribute to the formation of the ethnic identity of the individual.

Politeness in the German Ethnosocium: The Diachronic Aspect

Abstract The article is devoted to the consideration of the main characteristics of politeness as a sociocultural phenomenon based on the material of the German linguistic culture in a historical perspective; a general characteristic of codified and individual politeness is given. The dominant features of German politeness in the diachronic aspect are determined. The ambivalent attitude towards politeness in the German ethnic society was determined not only by the development of society, but also by foreign policy priorities in a specific historical period. Calls for politeness intensified in Germany at historical turning points and were aimed either at reminding the new, emerging social strata of the norms of behavior of the older generation, or with the goal of reporting on the virtues of the new social class. The paper concluded that German politeness throughout its development was marked by the confrontation of two directions - the desire for tactful, indirect politeness and commitment to critical ethics, advocating traditional German honesty and frankness. The juxtaposition of formal, external and internal politeness is consistently carried out in studies devoted to various aspects of politeness on the material of the German linguistic culture. The article presents the results of an associative experiment aimed at determining how the German language speakers understand politeness and allowed to establish the modification of the dominants of politeness and polite behavior in the modern German ethnic society.

Cultural Dietary Norms and Associated Factors in an Urban-Dwelling Chinese American Community Sample (P04-129-19)

ObjectivesTo assess prevalence of dietary cultural norms (consumption of brown rice, raw vegetables, low sodium diet) and the association of acculturation level with these norms in a Chinese American sample in New York City (NYC). MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey (2018 Examining Norms and Behaviors Linked to Eating [ENABLE] Pilot Study) among urban-dwelling Chinese immigrant communities in NYC (n = 239). Multivariable models predicted the effect of acculturation on three dimensions of Chinese cultural dietary norms: non-consumption of raw vegetables, brown rice, and low sodium diet, adjusted for age and sex. Acculturation dimensions were defined as both identification with ethnic society (Chinese culture) immersion (ESI) and with dominant society (American culture) immersion (DSI); maximum possible scores = 4. STATA was used for all analyses. ResultsThe majority of the sample identified strongly with Chinese culture (73% above mean ESI = 3.2) and less with American culture (55% below mean DSI = 3.0). Overall, participation in dietary norms was low across the three dimensions; 21% reported not consuming raw vegetables; 37% not consuming brown rice; and 41% not consuming low sodium diets. Participants with higher acculturation to American society (DSI > 3.0) had lower participation in raw vegetable and brown rice dietary norms; 7% for raw vegetables, and 22% for brown rice. Those more acculturated to American culture were more likely to report consumption of brown rice (aOR = 3.57, 95% CI 0.01–12.50). Having a college education or higher was associated with reduced likelihood of participating in raw vegetable norms (aOR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.51) and brown rice norms (aOR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.22–0.98). No associations were found between ESI and participating in any dietary norms using univariate or multivariate models. ConclusionsImmersion into American society and education may be more influential on norms than traditional beliefs while acculturation to American society appears to dissuade participation in traditional Chinese dietary norms – specifically, consumption of brown rice. Interestingly, education appears to be a stronger predictor of participation in cultural dietary norms than American or Chinese acculturation in this sample. Funding SourcesNIMHD/NIH.

Negotiating income and identity in cities: a case of ethnic migrants living beyond slum in India

ABSTRACT Ethnic communities constantly fear of being stripped of their cultural identities, which intern their preference of shying away from settling in slums. The difficulty arises from the highly contingent conceptualization of ‘slum’, as an agglomerate of poor seeking income. The paper investigates paradox of identity embedded in insecurities among ethnic migrants who lack recognition by the state and society. Data was collected using observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Constant comparative method (CCM) together with thematic sampling was used for data analysis. The finding suggests that alienation of ethnic migrants is a consequence of constant negotiation of their identity in response to ‘self-society-State’. It recommends slum to retain independent social space for ethnic community and society in a composite culture. To overcome the challenges of identity, income, and insecurity among ethnic migrants, the paper proposes a convergence model to integrate co-existence of multiple identities for public entitlements, welfare, and social acceptance.

Iban Dindang and Malay Pantun: Impact on Intellectual Intelligence and Building of Human Capital in Iban and Malay Communities

This article examines the impact of traditional poems of dindang Iban and Malay pantun on the Iban and Malay society in the aspect of intellectual and human capital development These impacts form a new generation of thoughtful, hardworking, disciplined, insightful, adhering to religious teachings, tolerant, polite and rational so that they may possess noble values of humanity, as well as maintaining the attitude of lifelong learning for prosperity, success and harmony. The objective of this study is achieved because the findings successfully shows the impact of these poems on the intellectual intelligence and human capital development in the Iban and Malay communities. This research adopts the semiotic theory of Richard and Ogden and engages field work and analysis documents. The implication of this study is the wide use of dindang and pantun to enrich human capital with progressive development and attitudes, besides cultivating high ethical and moral values among the members of the ethnic society. Dindang Iban and Malay pantun will remain relevant to the communities concerned because of its communicational function as a tool to convey the intent of the hearts, desire, intention, advice, morality and didactic instructions, and at the same time reflecting on the customs and religious beliefs of the society. The didactic nature of these two poems makes it easy to educate the communities through motivation, advice, satire and convey religious messages for building characters and human capital by filling the minds of people with noble attributes.

Ethnic Triangles, Assimilation, and the Complexities of Acculturation in a Multi–ethnic Society

Ethnic Triangles, Assimilation, and the Complexities of Acculturation in a Multi–ethnic Society

대순사상과 단군사상 비교연구: 서사구조와 모티프 분석을 중심으로

Most of the new religions derived from Jeungsan have claimed that Jeungsan’s religious thought reproduced Dangun [檀君] Thought in its original form. However, Daesoon Jinrihoe is the only religious order out of the many new religions within the Jeungsan lineage, which has constantly kept its distance from Dangun Thought since 1909 during the earliest period of proto-Daesoon Jinrihoe. Even a mere trace of Dangun cannot be found in the subject of faith or the doctrinal system of Daesoon Jinrihoe. In this context, this study aims to examine possible connections between Daesoon Thought and Dangun Thought in order to determine why other Jeungsanist religions frequently exhibit Dangunist features. Specifically, a major part of this study will be devoted to comparing and analyzing the narrative structure of Daesoon Thought and Dangun Thought as well as their respective motifs. In fact, Jeungsan does not seem to have ever mentioned Dangun in his recorded teachings, therefore, after his passing into the Heaven, most of the religious orders including Daesoon Jinrihoe derived from him did not pay any attention to Dangun Thought for almost for 40 years. These orders did not originally perceive Dangun as an object of belief. After Korea’s liberation, Dangun became widely accepted as a pivotal role among the Korean people. As Dangun-nationalism claimed to unify Koreans as one great Korean ethnic society, the religious orders of Jeungsan lineage also climbed aboard this creed and their faiths or doctrines were acculturated to reflect this change. The reason for this has been attributed to following modern trends to increase success in propagation. In the meantime, Daesoon Jinrihoe was the only order that did not accept Dangun-nationalism because it was not a teaching given by the order’s founder. And the two systems of thought have more dissimilarity than parallelism in terms of philosophical ideology. These seem to be the main reasons why Daesoon Jinrihoe did not adopt Dangun into its doctrine or belief system.

The Use of Speech Level in Socio Cultural Perspetive of Tapal Kuda Madurese Ethnic Society

Madurese society at Tapal Kuda regions has a unique cultural tradition because of cultural acculturation with other ethnics. This research aims at describing the speech level use in socio cultural perspective of Madurese ethnic society in Tapal Kuda regions. The method used to reach the research aims is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The data were collected through participatory and non-participatory observations, interviews, note-taking, and recording. The data collected were transcribed into the written data and then analysed with pragmatic theory. The use of BM with E-E, Ng-E, and È-B variation in the perspective of Madurese ethnic in Tapal Kuda is as the politeness implementation form and formal relationship among speech participants, whereas variation of BM E-I (ngoko: Javanese) in family is used to keep intimacy and closed relationship between parents and children in order not to be too formal.

SISTEM KOMUNIKASI MASYARAKAT KEPULAUAN DAN KOMPLEKSITAS MULTI ETNIS (Studi Kasus Sistem Komunikasi Masyarakat Kepulauan dan Kompleksitas Multi Etnis di Pulau Sapeken, Kabupaten Sumenep, Madura)

The society of Sapeken islands are multi ethnic society. They’re multicultural society. The aim of the research is to know about Sapeken’s society communication system to encounter multi ethnic complexities. The theory of the research is communication system in Niklas Luhmann perspective. The research used case study method. The result of the research shown that society communication system has produced and reproduced information to encounter environmental complexities about multi ethnic. Information which produced by system are collective fish selling, collective purchasing foods and beverages, and religious activities. Information which produced by society communication system was effective to solve multi ethnic complexities. Government communication system have not produced information related to multi ethnic complexities.

Etnografi Dakwah Ulama Rantau pada Etnis Dayak Ngaju di Kalimantan Tengah

This study aims to look at the role of ulama rantau in the process of proselytising (da'wah) in the Ngaju Dayak community, East Kotawaringin town, Central Kalimantan Province, particularly regarding the way ulama deal with a Dayak local culture which deeply remains lived within this community. Using a qualitative research method and the ethnographic approach, the findings revealed that the way ulama rantau conveyed the da'wah messages in a polite manner implicated to Ngaju Dayak ethnic society's acceptance towards Islam. Further, because ulama rantau respected the local cultural wisdom when conveying da’wah, people appreciated Islam brought by ulama (da’i) n the midst of a society which has different beliefs and cultural backgrounds.