Participation Of Ethnic Minorities Research Articles

The Participation of Ethnic Groups and Minorities in Political and Institutional Life in Kosovo

Abstract This paper explores the participation and engagement of ethnic groups and minorities in Kosovo’s political and institutional life during the post-war period (after 1999) and the post-independence phase (after 2008). The involvement of minorities in Kosovo’s institutional framework is grounded in the concept of a multiethnic state, with constitutional and legal provisions ensuring their rights. These provisions enable minorities to participate in all areas of state activity within the Republic of Kosovo. The paper addresses how circumstances and opportunities for participation have evolved, the challenges, threats, and risks faced, and what legislative measures have been enacted to ensure the political and institutional representation of ethnic groups and minorities.

Breaking barriers for cancer clinical trials: A multi-tiered interventional approach to boost racial and ethnic minority participation in early-phase studies.

TPS1639 Background: Racial and ethnic minority populations are underrepresented in cancer clinical trials. The USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (USC NCCC) has multiple clinical trial recruitment sites, including the Los Angeles General Medical Center (LAG), the largest safety-net hospital in the western USA. LAG partners with USC to provide cancer care to the underserved minority population of LAC, including clinical trials. As a result, between 2015-2022 a total of 120 LAG patients were accrued to phase I clinical trials; enrolled subjects were 66% Hispanic, 21% Asian, 4% Black, and 9% other. An interventional study was designed to further enhance the referral and participation of racial and ethnic minority patients from other Los Angeles County (LAC) safety-net facilities. The study is funded by the Stand up to Cancer Diversity in Early Development Clinical Trials Research Grants Program. Methods: This interventional study has 3 specific aims. First, to identify barriers to referral for minority and underserved patients: Qualitative interviews will be conducted with key stakeholders in the LAC safety net system which will uncover barriers to referring minority and underserved patients. A screening tool developed by the NCI to characterize barriers will be used. Second, to implement a multi-component program to enhance the referral of patients to early-phase clinical trials. The intervention addresses system-level, provider-level, and patient-level factors to improve the process, with a demonstration site compared to a non-demonstration site. Key features include a streamlined referral process for healthcare professionals with a singular centrally operated email managed by a specialized facilitator, weekly meetings to assign trials to prospective patients, and facilitation of approval and scheduling for referrals. We will educate providers regarding trials and exchange feedback on the referral process. We will extend resources to patients to assist with financial and transportation limitations. We will compare change in referral and enrollment rates at baseline and after the intervention for both the demonstration site and non-demonstration site. Third, to explore the impact of remotely conducted clinical trials: A clinical trial (NCT05340309) administers study drug subcutaneously and uses telemedicine visits, wearable sensors, and a smartphone app for monitoring. This pilot trial will be analyzed to determine the model’s impact on barriers to enrollment. The above interventions may provide a model that can be adapted in other healthcare delivery settings to optimize referral and enrollment of racial and ethnic minorities.

The Perspective of Brazilian Women Orthopaedic Surgeons on Gender Discrimination: Initial Insights to Understand Gender Bias in the Brazilian Healthcare System.

Despite the societal progress made in recent years, gender discrimination is still common in healthcare, especially in some surgical specialties such as orthopaedics. In Brazil, where the participation of women in the medical profession has been increasing, little is known about women's perceptions on the issue of gender discrimination. This study aims to examine women orthopaedic surgeons' experiences in dealing with conflict in the workplace and contextualize the impact that gender discrimination has had or currently has on their careers and well-being. As a secondary objective, the work seeks to understand whether there are differences in the perception of the issue among practicing women orthopaedic surgeons and those in training. For a cross-sectional qualitative study, a survey was distributed exclusively to 300 practicing orthopaedic surgeons and orthopaedists in training (residents and fellows). A total of 99 women participated in the survey, of whom 66 were practicing orthopaedic surgeons and 33 were orthopaedists in training. The study showed that women orthopaedic surgeons in training in Brazil have a lower number of publications and a moderate level of involvement in academic society activity. In addition, orthopaedic surgeons in training experience a statistically significantly higher number of conflicts in the workplace. The comments from the questionnaires highlighted the physical and psychological consequences arising from these situations of professional conflict, most frequently occurring with orthopaedic surgeons who are men. Our findings indicate that respondents expressed a feeling of inequality towards women in the workplace, ultimately reducing the level of job satisfaction among female orthopaedic surgeons, which may contribute to disinterest and abandonment of the specialty. The results of this work support recent evidence that there is an implicit and often overlooked bias against the participation of women and ethnic minorities in the orthopaedic community in Brazil.

Social participation and its gender differences among ethnic minority elders after poverty alleviation relocation (Linxia, China)

AbstractThe implementation of the poverty alleviation relocation policy in northwestern minority areas of China has had a significant impact on the production and living spaces of residents. Our investigation and research have shown that the social participation of ethnic minorities is influenced not only by their social and cultural norms but also to a large extent by public policies. China’s policy of relocating people to alleviate poverty has indirectly affected the social participation of elderly ethnic minorities through the relocation of households and the reconstruction of community living spaces and infrastructure. On the one hand, the family production of elders has decreased significantly, while the number of elders participating in housework and leisure activities has increased. On the other hand, although the relocation has accelerated the modernization process in ethnic minority areas, the market work of elders who aged over 50 has not increased much to compensating the job losses. As a result, the overall productivity of the elderly has declined, and their social participation has weakened. Elderly men have been more affected by social changes than elderly women and have borne more adaptation pressures. There are significant differences in leisure activities between elderly men and women. Ethnic and religious activities have remained largely unchanged, while social activities are insufficient and may not promote good health. It is important to encourage elderly individuals, particularly men, to acquire marketable skills and assist them in finding employment. Additionally, promoting social activities for elder individuals can help create a more harmonious community.

Racial and ethnic disparities in access to community-based perinatal mental health programs: results from a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundPerinatal mental health is a major public health problem that disproportionately affects people from racial and ethnic minority groups. Community-based perinatal mental health programs, such as peer support groups, are essential tools for the prevention and treatment of perinatal depression. Yet, little is known about racial and ethnic disparities in accessibility and utilization of community-based perinatal mental health programs.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using an online survey with program administrators representing perinatal mental health community-based services and support programs throughout New Jersey. Descriptive analysis and mapping software was used to analyze the data.ResultsThirty-three program administrators completed the survey. Results showed substantial racial and ethnic disparities in availability and utilization of community-based programs. In the majority of programs, Black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals made up less than 10% of total annual participants and less than 10% of facilitators. There were also geographic disparities in program accessibility and language availability across counties. Program administrators identified mental health stigma, lack of support from family, fear of disclosure of mental health challenges, social determinants, lack of language-concordant options in programs, and limited awareness of programs in the community as significant barriers to participation of racial and ethnic minorities. Strategies to address barriers included adding language options, improving program outreach, and increasing diversity of facilitators.ConclusionsThis study provides new evidence on racial and ethnic disparities in access to community-based perinatal mental health programs. Efforts to build the resources and capacities of community-based programs to identify equity gaps, increase diversity of staff, and address barriers to participation is critical to reducing racial and ethnic inequities in perinatal mental health.

101 Participation of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Decentralized Trials: The ACTIV-6 Experience

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Racial and ethnic minority populations have been historically underrepresented in clinical trials, which limits the external validity of study findings. We analyze data from the ACTIV-6 trial to assess whether inclusion efforts were effective in increasing participation from minority groups. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: ACTIV-6 is a decentralized randomized placebo-controlled platform trial investigating repurposed drugs for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. Study participants could either self-refer online or be recruited through a study site. Two inclusion efforts were introduced to increase participation from racial or ethnic minority populations: targeted advertising and outreach, and strategic selection of study sites that serve diverse populations. We assessed the effectiveness of these interventions by analyzing enrollment trends over time. We also assessed whether participants from racial or ethnic minority populations experienced higher loss to follow-up. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: At the start of the trial, enrollment of non-Hispanic White participants outpaced enrollment from racial or ethnic minority populations. At 4 months, only 108 participants (20.5%) were from racial or ethnic minority populations, but greatly increased by 28 months to 3,544 participants (46.4%), nearly half of all participants. This increase was predominantly due to recruitment through study sites rather than self-referral. In particular, certain sites recruited large numbers of minority participants. We also observed that participants from racial or ethnic minority populations were more likely to drop out of the study before receiving the study drug (3% vs 1%). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that strategic site selection is an effective strategy for recruiting a study population that represents racial and ethnic populations. The benefits of targeted advertising and outreach were less clear. Retention efforts remain important to reduce loss to follow-up.

Ethnic Minority Participation in Clinical Trials from Latin America and the Caribbean: A Scoping Review.

We summarize the clinical trials (CTs) main characteristics, including members of ethnic minorities from Latin America. We carried out a systematic search in six databases. We made a descriptive synthesis of CTs, summarizing the characteristics, interventions, main findings, results, and conclusions reported. 4411 studies were acquired in search strategy, leaving 24 CTs in the final selection. Of these, ten were randomized, four were non-randomized, and the remainder had other designs. Most of the studies were carried out in the population of infants and children (08), ten of the studies included only women, and two studies included men. Nine studies were conducted in Mexico, with the Mayan ethnic minority being mostly evaluated (05). In only 15 it was mentioned that their research was approved by a research ethics committee. Finally, half of the CTs reported funding from international agencies and third reported funding from government agencies. Our results show that that CTs in ethnic minorities are limited and reduced to a few native peoples of the continent.

ETHNIC MINORITY PARTICIPATION IN TOURISM PLANNING: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM

This study aims to investigate the participation of ethnic minorities in tourism planning with particular reference to the political context in Vietnam. A mixed research approach was adopted including qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with key tourism stakeholders and a follow-up survey. This study reveals that participation in tourism planning by ethnic minorities is hindered by government structures and policy, style of planning, inadequate education, and unequal distribution of the benefits of tourism. In particular, the top-down government tourism planning structures hinder participation by ethnic minorities through the process of tourism planning. As involvement enhancing implementation measures, the study proposes capacity building, education, and a fine tuning of approaches to participation. Involvement by indigenous researchers should be encouraged so that research data are more easily understood in the context of ethnic minority ideologies. Future scholars should also take more account of power relations in tourism planning.

The Influence of the Native Quota in the Organization of Local and Regional Indigenous Political Movements

This research, set in a Latin American context, aimed to delve into the political participation of ethnic minorities, particularly indigenous peoples, and its relationship with democracy, political systems, and parties. Using a comprehensive review of literature from various databases including Scopus, Web of Sciences, Wiley, and EBSCO, and employing the PRISMA method, it sought to understand the political perceptions and preferences of these minorities within society. The study underscored the critical role of ethnic minority participation, especially of indigenous peoples, in guaranteeing representation in the democratic framework. Notable differences emerged in how these minorities view democracy compared to the broader populace. Recognizing ethnic minorities in political roles not only acknowledges their unique challenges but also aids their integration into the political fabric. The overarching conclusion emphasized the indispensable nature of their participation for a just and genuinely democratic society, highlighting the significance of indigenous perspectives on democracy and the pressing need to respect their cultural norms. Political parties also play a pivotal role in influencing perceptions about ethnic diversity. What sets this study apart is its holistic examination of the political engagement of ethnic minorities, shedding light on their views and preferences in relation to democracy and the wider political system, and stressing the role of political parties in fostering a more inclusive political landscape.

Unequal Culture of Women and Minorities in Cybersecurity Domain

Women and ethnic minorities have historically been underrepresented in the cybersecurity industry. Although there are an increasing number of open opportunities in the cybersecurity industry, this pattern has not changed. There is still an imbalance in the participation of women and ethnic minorities in the cybersecurity domain. Issues that impact both Africa and the global participation of women and ethnic minorities in cyber-security include inadequate representation and awareness as well as retention problems. Further, issues such as harassment, gender bias and the idea that cybersecurity is a “man’s world” are also contributing factors. This paper provides a framework for discussing some of the skills that are available to women and underrepresented groups and argues for the necessity to solve this problem. Programs striving to increase the participation of women and ethnic minorities in cybersecurity are discussed. Lastly, some suggestions to remediate this pervasive issue are also provided.

FPTP Electoral System of Myanmar as a Barrier for Ethnic Minority Inclusiveness in Parliamentary Decision-Making

Objective: This study aimed to analyze limitations in Myanmar’s political system that hindered inclusive participation of ethnic minorities in decision-making. The goal was to understand the impact of these limitations on minority representation and propose solutions for more equitable representation. Methodology: A documentary research design and systematic literature review were employed. Secondary data were gathered from academic articles and civil society reports on ethnic diversity, the non-inclusive political system, and challenges of the electoral system. Primary data from news and NGO reports were used to analyze election results and minority representation in parliament. Results: Findings revealed that ethnic minorities in Myanmar faced barriers in accessing public services and being represented in the political system. The FPTP electoral system exacerbated their underrepresentation, as only winners’ voices were heard in parliament. Lack of inclusivity and equitable representation contributed to internal conflicts and civil wars between ethnic groups and the government. Conclusions: This study identified fundamental flaws in Myanmar’s political system that hindered inclusive decision-making for ethnic minorities. The need for reforms to enable more equitable government representation and address ethnic tensions was highlighted. A review of the FPTP electoral system was proposed to ensure fair and just representation of all voices in parliament. These measures would strengthen the human security of ethnic minorities and promote stability and cohesion in Myanmar.
 Keywords: Ethnic Minorities; Inclusive Representation; Myanmar Political System; FPTP Electoral System; Human Security.

Lessons for Protected Area Management in Vietnam: Outcomes of Local Ethnic Minority Participation in Forest Protection of Cat Tien National Park

While protected areas are a measure for forest conservation, they pose a number of key challenges to local people’s livelihoods. One solution to the tension between conservation objectives and livelihoods in protected areas is involving local people in forest protection activities. The research examined the performance of one initiative, involving Forest Protection Teams (FPTs), on the livelihoods of local people and participating members, and on forest conservation. The research revealed that FPT activities had some benefits for team members but limited impact on local livelihoods. Additionally, most households stated that there was no detectable change in forest condition because of team members’ activities in forest protection. For FPT members to take greater ownership of forest protection outcomes and communication of these outcomes, the program needs to be designed and implemented in a more participatory manner.

Abstract 13349: Inclusion and Enrollment of Women and Minorities in Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Clinical Trials: A Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Retrospective studies suggest that women undergoing left atrial appendage occlusion may have worse outcomes and population-based studies suggest racial variations in appendage anatomy and risk of stroke. Hypothesis: Randomized controlled trials of LAAO for atrial fibrillation will have low rates of inclusion of women and racial minorities. Methods: Databases were queried for all randomized clinical trials of LAAO from inception until May 2022 and included in the analysis (Figure 1) . Results: The search strategy identified 10 trials for inclusion in the study. Most studies reported rates of participation of women (9/10, 90 percent Figure 2a ). The inclusion of women in these trials were low and constituted 34% of included patients (29-42%) with high heterogeneity ( Figure 3a). Among these reports, only two studies (2/10, 20 percent, Figure 2b ) reported details of the race and ethnicity of participants and 1031 / 1114 (93%) were Caucasians. Meta-analysis showed low heterogeneity Figure 3b). Conclusions: In trials of LAAO for atrial fibrillation, rates of inclusion of women remain low relative to population prevalence. Reporting of participation of ethnic minorities also remains low. Improvement in these areas in future studies may help support the generalizability of the existing literature.

Underrepresentation of ethnic minorities in hypertension research—a survey of enablers and barriers among South Asian and African communities in Glasgow

BackgroundHypertension is the biggest contributor to the global cardiovascular burden with evidence for ethnic differences in treatment response and outcomes. Under-representation of ethnic minorities in clinical research is well known, and despite wide-ranging public engagement events by the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic team, there was a lack of participation of ethnic minorities in both engagement activities and clinical trials conducted by them. This study aims to explore the awareness and knowledge of hypertension and the facilitators and barriers to participation in hypertension clinical research among South Asian (SA) and African (AFR) communities in Glasgow.MethodsA survey questionnaire was co-developed with representatives from South Asian (SA) and African (AFR) patients and community members in Glasgow to understand awareness and knowledge of hypertension and enablers and barriers to participation in clinical research. The survey was distributed to adults (aged > 18) years of SA or AFR ancestry at public engagement events at venues that were frequently visited by these two communities in Glasgow.ResultsThe survey response rate was 337 (67.4%) consisting of 242 (71.8%) South Asian (SA) and 56 (16.9%) African (AFR) respondents. Thirty-nine questionnaires were excluded because of incompletion. Most of the respondents were not born in the UK and were in the 35–53-year group (AFR 29 (51%), SA 113 (47%)). The proportion living in the most deprived (SIMD 1) and least deprived (SIMD 5) was respectively 26 (12.4%) and 34 (16.2%) for SA and 20 (42.6%) and 2 (4.3%) for AFR. There was a considerable recognition that treatment needs to be ethnicity-specific (SA/AFR = 107 (48%)/23 (45.1%)) and that current cardiovascular disease treatment guidelines were not tailored for different ethnicities 84 (38.5%)/23 (45.1%). The key enablers encouraging research participation are enhanced health information, conducting aspects of their clinical research visits/appointments at a location they frequently visited and allowing a family member to accompany them. Barriers included concerns about the use of personal information and side effects of the new treatment.ConclusionOur survey confirmed enablers and barriers to ethnic minority participation in research. We find improving and evolving awareness and beliefs among the ethnic minority population including community leaders. Thus, continual review of researchers’ beliefs and attitudes is also essential to ensure engagement activities keep up with these changing perceptions.

Key barriers against racial and ethnic minority participation in U.S. clinical trials

<p class="abstract">Despite the United States’ (U.S.) longstanding history of promoting a melting pot nation of people from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds all capable of achieving the American Dream, it is argued that the U.S. is failing to deliver high quality healthcare to all of its constituents equally. The widely seen health disparities of ethnic minority groups endure has extended into the parallel field of clinical research and clinical trials. There is a staggering gap between the percentage of White clinical trial participants compared to clinical trial participants of racially and ethnically diverse minority groups in U.S. clinical trials. Underrepresentation of minority groups in clinical trials dismisses opportunities to identify potential serious sub-group safety or efficacy signals, open doors to access life-saving treatments, and ultimately improve the standard of evidence-based medicine in the United States. Current literature on this issue frequently reiterates the following five key barriers underrepresented minority groups face against clinical trial participation: mistrust, lack of awareness and access, cultural and language barriers, investigator and provider bias, and financial burdens. A deeper dive into understanding each barrier will be critical in implementing changes with actions and in perspectives in order to address the issue of poor racial and ethnic representation in clinical trial populations.</p>

The role of ethnopolitical processes in the states of the Eastern European subregion

The article deals with issues related to contemporary ethnopolitical processes (ethnicity politicisation, ethnopolitical mobilisation of national and ethnic minorities) in the states of the Eastern Europe subregion (Republic of Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Ukraine). It presents social and political activity and participation of national and ethnic minorities in authority bodies of the studied states, as well as the consequences of these processes for the security of the subregion.

Abstract PO-034: Is clinical trials the answer to cancer: Preliminary results from City of Hope Multi-ethnic Community Engagement Program

Abstract Background: The biomedical community is struggling to develop viable strategies to increase ethnic minority enrollment in studies – a result of both historical and current medical injustices in communities of color. Therefore, we aimed to reach multiethnic community health leaders to determine barriers and facilitators of research participation by providing an educational program that focuses on the importance of ethnic minority participation in research. Methods: We conducted a stakeholder evaluation study as part of a community research engagement education program. An online survey was administered to community ambassadors (N=88) representing multiethnic health organizations from across Southern CA as well as an On-Demand “Community Research Navigator (CRN)” education program; that brought awareness of the importance of clinical trials. Participants were identified and provided the survey link by the leadership of our partners. Participants were asked to rank barriers and facilitators of research participation of their communities from least to greatest and complete the educational component. Results: Respondents were Korean-American (35%), African-American/Black (33%), Filipino-American (18%), and Latino (14%). Respondents were mostly female (88.10%) and 45-55 years old (33.33%). Participants ranked fear of biomedical research, lack of provider invitation; lack of diversity in the researchers doing the research, language, cost/coverage barriers as the top 5 barriers. The top 5 methods endorsed by participants to increase minority research participation were increase knowledge and awareness for patient and family; provide coverage/compensation; increase diversity among researchers, provider and broad media, referrals, and ensure practical facilitators. We found CRN training results showing increases in 28% of respondents feeling prepared to help their community overcome barriers to accessing medical research, 29% feeling prepared to help their community with trust and willingness to participate in medical research; and 26% feeling prepared to navigate their community into trial studies. Conclusions: Findings suggest that barriers to research participation are influenced by multiple factors including structural (health system, lack of minority scientists), societal determinants (discrimination, cost), and social (interpersonal, familial, cultural) and emotional (fear) factors. Therefore, strategies to increase minority participation in biomedical studies must attend to barrier domains. Our community Ambassadors emphasized, that the social component refers to the significant systemic barriers especially the intersection of cost and racism in the medical sector rooted in societal determinants including medical/scientific discrimination. These findings provide a broader contextual conceptualization of barriers to inform novel strategies including CRN to increase community leaders preparedness for greater diversity engagement and participation in biomedical studies as an achievable answer to cancer disparities and cancer, overall. Citation Format: Kimlin Ashing, Marisela Garcia, Sophia Yeung, Alejandro Fernandez. Is clinical trials the answer to cancer: Preliminary results from City of Hope Multi-ethnic Community Engagement Program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-034.

Abstract 11007: Prolonged QTc in Black and Latinx Cisgender and Transgender Women Who Are Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: QT prolongation can predispose to torsade de pointes, which occurs at higher rates in people living with HIV (PLWH). Increased prevalence of prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) has been reported in PLWH, suggesting that it may play a role in the increased risk for sudden cardiac death in this patient population. However, gaps in research due to limited participation of gender, racial and ethnic minorities continue to limit the interpretation of these findings. Our study assessed the hypothesis that Black and Latinx cis and transgender women living with HIV (WLWH) would have greater odds of having prolonged QTc. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by retrospectively reviewing electronic medical records to investigate the duration of the QTc interval between 2 groups, 137 WLWH versus 135 women who are not living with HIV. Associations between long QTc interval and ethnicity, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, medications (methadone, antibiotics, antiretroviral therapy, and psychiatric drugs), CD4 count, hepatitis C, and heart failure were also assessed. QTc >460 milliseconds was considered prolonged. Results: In the univariate logistic regression, living with HIV had significantly higher odds of having prolonged QTc than the control group (odds ratio [OR] 1.842, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.062-3.195, p=0.0298). After adjusting for the covariates selected a priori, living with HIV was associated with even higher odds of having prolonged QTc (OR 2.128, 95% CI 1.115-4.061, p=0.023). Having heart failure was also independently associated with higher odds of having prolonged QTc (OR 3.883, 95% CI 1.672-9.018, p=0.0016) even after adjusting for other covariates (OR 2.973, 95% CI 1.605-9.836, p=0.0029). Ethnicity, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, medications, CD4 count, and hepatitis C were not significantly associated with higher odds of having prolonged QTc. Conclusions: This study showed that in cis and transgender women of color, living with HIV and heart failure were both associated with higher odds of having prolonged QTc. In this patient population, implementing routine EKG screening should be considered by clinicians as a strategy, among others, to prevent cardiac rhythm disturbances and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Personal, professional and political: minority social workers as policy actors

ABSTRACT The involvement of social workers in policy-making processes is grounded in a professional requirement for promoting social justice, however, it is inherently a political activity related to the socio-political context in which it occurs. What does this political involvement mean when it comes to minority social workers in multicultural societies, who are expected to act as policy actors in policy arenas designed by the majority group in society? This article is based on the assumption that minority social workers, whose number is on the rise in various European countries, need opportunities and motivations in a socio-political context in order to act as policy actors in cross-cultural political situations. Using insights from the literature on the political participation of ethnic minorities and knowledge in the field of public policy, we present a theoretical Minority Policy Practice model (MPP) to examine different factors that may affect the involvement of minority social workers in policy practice. These new theoretical understandings are expected to serve as a basis for advancing training programmes and designing policy procedures to increase the involvement of minority social workers as policy actors in multicultural countries.

Ethnic minority and migrant underrepresentation in Covid-19 research: Causes and solutions.

Ethnic minority and migrant underrepresentation in Covid-19 research: Causes and solutions.