Ethnic Migration Research Articles

Исторические предпосылки этноязыковой картины юга России (Адыгея, Дагестан, Калмыкия, Волгоградская область)

The study aims to identify the features and uniqueness of the ethnolinguistic picture of Southern Russia and to substantiate the origin and composition of regional toponymics, as toponyms are a key code / source of information in the historical landscape. They are recorded in documents, lexicographic sources, atlases, as well as in narrative sources related to the southern territories of Russia. The article describes the history of the appearance of Slavic, Turkic, Adyghe, Dagestani, Iranian, and other peoples in the territory under consideration, the processes of ethnic migrations, and the current state of the population of the southern regions of Russia. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it provides, for the first time, a comprehensive overview based on chronological facts of the presence of historically formed ethnic groups in the southern regions of Russia as sources of the toponymic picture. This picture is generally represented by the names of settlements, rivers, and mountains. As a result, the historical preconditions for the emergence of appellative-onymic complexes in such regions of the Russian Federation as the Republic of Adygea, Volgograd Oblast, the Republic of Dagestan, and the Republic of Kalmykia are substantiated.

Ethnic Identity and Violence in Urban Spaces: Looking Through the Lens of ‘Cultural Conditioning’

In the recent past, the episodes of violence against the Northeast migrants in major metropolitan cities have raised debates on the racial nature of such violence and have drawn scholarly attention. This article maps the experiences of differential treatment and violence among the Northeast migrants in the national capital city and looks into the consequences of such experiences and strategies to cope with various challenges in daily life. It critically examines the experiences through the sociocultural dynamics of the local societies within the city where the ethnic migrants live. It considers the experiential accounts of a sample of 130 Northeast migrants from different urban local cultures in the national capital of India. Data on lived experiences and various perspectives of the Northeast migrants are collected using a mixed-method approach. The article reveals that ethnic identity plays a role in everyday experiences with some sorts of disadvantages. The ‘construction of otherness’ is found to have a disproportionate impact on their day-to-day life. However, there have been perceived positive changes in the ‘perceptual distance’ and inter-group behaviours. Given that most of the experiences of differential treatment and violence among Northeast migrants are located within the context of the local societies in the city and they have everyday encounters for social acceptance, the article argues that the inter-group relationships are exceedingly shaped by the sociocultural orientations of the people in local societies. The article asserts that understanding the violence against a migrant ethnic minority in cosmopolitan cities cannot undermine the role of social and cultural boundaries of urban local societies.

Migrant traders, social capital, and the politics of local wisdom: A descriptive study of Warung Madura networks in Jakarta, Indonesia

This article examines the factors driving the survival and self-reliance of Madurese migrant traders in Jakarta, Indonesia. Specifically, it aims to refine the long-standing argument that minority migrant groups are forced to adapt, become marginalized, and shed their identities. By combining perspectives on social capital and the politics of local wisdom, this mixed-method study provides an in-depth analysis of how Madurese migrant traders establish and develop networks of small grocery stalls, known as “Warung Madura,” in Jakarta. Our findings reveal that social capital – through strong Madurese ethnic and religious values, norms, networks, and trust among members – is the main driving force behind the success of these traders in Jakarta. Furthermore, strict adherence to local wisdom, specifically Madurese culture and traditional Islamic teachings, significantly contributes to their survival and self-reliance. The results suggest that the survival strategies employed by Madurese migrant traders, based on certain social capital and local wisdom, could serve as a model for the socioeconomic empowerment of urban ethnic migrant groups.

Ethnic integration in the “Lin-ge” migration epic: a grassroots perspective

This study comprehensively analyzes China’s ethnic migration epic, “Lin-ge,” as a case study to explore the cultural and social phenomena it reveals about exchanges, communication and integration among ethnic groups. It reveals how this process has facilitated mutual understanding and integration among diverse ethnic communities from a grassroots level. Focusing on inter-ethnic religious syncretism, economic interactions, warfare exchanges, trade practices, and intermarriages depicted in “Lin-ge,” the research showcases the complexity and dynamism of ethnic integration. It emphasizes the pivotal role of regional community identity in bridging different ethnic groups and forming the foundational cultural logic behind the identity of the Chinese national community. Through textual analysis, this study finds that “Lin-ge” transcends the boundaries between official and folk, sacred and secular, and historical and contemporary narratives, presenting a more inclusive and diversified perspective of the Chinese national community. The research highlights that the syncretism of religious beliefs, cultural exchanges, and social practices are key mechanisms in shaping the identity of regional social communities and promoting harmonious coexistence among various ethnic groups. Moreover, by reviewing extensive literature and conducting case analyses, this study provides a thorough understanding of China’s ethnic policies, ethnic relations, and the formation and development of multi-ethnic communities. The findings are not only of significant academic relevance to the fields of ethnology and anthropology but also offer practical guidance for addressing ethnic issues and promoting ethnic unity and national integration in modern society.

Exploring the perception of ethnic migrants in Kolkata, India: A comparative study using sentiment analysis

ABSTRACT The challenges faced by ethnic migrants in urban areas highlight the importance of gaining a comprehensive understanding of their perception. This research investigates the adaptive capacities of ethnic migrants, extending the analysis beyond the first generation to explain how these communities navigate challenges in the post-COVID era. The study examines the dynamics of ethnic migration, exploring intercultural interactions and the evolving experiences of successive migrant generations using sentiment analysis techniques. The study analyzes textual data from in-depth semi-structured interviews to understand their experiences in city and sentiments about the host community. Sentiment analysis, often known as opinion mining, is used in this research to determine the emotional undertone of the third and fourth-generation Chinese and Anglo-Indian residents living in Kolkata, India. The study contributes to evidence-based strategies by identifying positive and negative sentiments associated with ethnic migrants. Results show that the frequency and polarity of the words used during the interviews significantly explain their association with the host community and their sense of belongingness. The findings of this research are significant in indicating the vitality of these communities in the city.

Cross-shaped pendants of the ‟scandinavian” type as markers of ethnocultural processes: a new look at an old problem

Medieval cruciform pendants of this “Scandinavian” type are associated with the Norse hird culture; however, as material finds from various regions accumulated, most researchers were inclined to believe that this phenomenon originated in Old Rus’, if not in even more southern realms. At the same time, the connection of problems of this type with Eastern Christian ancient doubts, since ancient artifacts of Byzantine types are quite far from the ‟Scandinavian” ones. It is suggested that the Western Sarmatian type crosses served as the prototype of the remaining crosses, which arose with the solar or plant sacred world of the ancient nomads rather than with the Christian cult. The subsequent appearance of pendants of the ‟Scandinavian” type, first among the Merovingian antiquities, complements the ideas of the Germanic-Sarmatian cultural symbiosis known to archaeologists. Increased distribution of pendants in the Crimea and the basin reflects ethnic migrations, advancement into East Slavic lands and Scandinavia – obviously confessional and cultural processes, as the symbolism of the Sarmatian cross gradually acquired a Christian character.

Prinuditel'naya migratsiya tsygan v Zapadnuyu Sibir' v 1933 g. kak element gosudarstvennoy politiki osvoeniya Severa

The history of the forced migration of Roma in 1933 from Moscow and the Moscow region to Western Siberia and their life in the conditions of a labor settlement was reconstructed. The study was carried out on the basis of correlating the published archival sources identified by the author with memories and testimonies of eyewitnesses and participants in the events recorded in the 1990s - early 2000s. It is shown that the deportation of the Roma to Western Siberia in 1933, despite its ethnic nature, does not fit into the typology of forced ethnic migrations, the “core and defining elements” of which are the total migrations of the “punished peoples.” It is also incorrect to consider that the reason for the deportation of the Roma to Siberia was the recognition of them as a socially harmful and intolerant ethnic group due to their nomadic lifestyle, closed nature, uncontrollability and criminality. It is concluded that the deportation of the Roma to Western Siberia in 1933 should be considered not as a targeted anti-Roma action, but as a failed attempt at forced settlement in the context of general state actions aimed at developing the northern and eastern regions of the country.

Spatial Practices as A Pattern of Maintaining Social Relations Among Selayar Ethnic Migrants In Makassar City, Indonesia

Purpose: This paper analyzes the forms of spatial practices carried out by migrants from the Islands Regency in Makassar City in order to maintain ethnic and family social relations. Methods: This research is descriptive urban space sociology research. This research uses qualitative methods in presenting data and analyzing research findings. Results and Conclusion: The results of the research show that the Selayar tribe has a life principle of always gathering with family in overseas lands. This principle of life makes them buy a plot of land in a location close to relatives and marry into their own family. Changes in urban space through development policies make it difficult for Selayar people to live in one residential location. As a result, Selayar people try to create new communication spaces to maintain their social relations. Research implications: The results of this research provide an overview of the spatial practices carried out by ethnic groups in an effort to maintain their social relations. Originality/value: The spatial practice of a group of people in urban areas is part of an interesting sociological topic to analyze, including strategies for maintaining social relationships.

Scythian–Sarmatian art as part of the cultural landscape of Crimea

The subject of the study is Scythian–Sarmatian art in the cultural landscape of Crimea, expressed in sculpture, monumental and decorative arts. The object of the study is the Crimean artifacts of the Scythian–Sarmatian culture (details of jewelry, weapons, sculpture, vase painting) in comparison with similar objects from other regions of settlement of the Scythian–Sarmatian nomadic peoples. The author pays special attention to the identification of the main distinctive features of the Scythian and Sarmatian culture, which is complicated by how much mixed culture develops in the Northern Black Sea region and transformations of the animal style of the Scythian–Sarmatian culture in the Crimean diaspora associated with the influence of ancient culture and Near Asian civilizations. The use of the animal style as part of all subsequent styles, including the Crimean Art Nouveau, which is a reflection of the synthesis of cultures of the multiethnic cultural landscape of Crimea, is also traced. The article uses the method of historicism in retrospect of Scythian–Sarmatian art in the cultural landscape of the Crimea, the comparative method in the comparative analysis of artifacts of the Crimea and the entire territory of Scythia, the method of stylistic analysis in the decorative and applied arts of the Crimea. The main conclusions of the study are: 1. The Crimean cultural landscape is diverse due to the historical polyethnicity of the region, associated with its geographical location and a unique natural complex, which has become a place of numerous ethnic migrations throughout history. This is also connected with the appearance of the Scythian–Sarmatian culture in the Crimea in the ancient era, which left a significant mark on the peninsula. 2. The characteristic features of the Scythian – Sarmatian animal style are simplification of form, linearity and geometrization, which harmoniously fits into the classical anthropomorphic proportions in sculpture, wall painting, vase painting of ancient art. The constructive expediency, conciseness and harmony inherent in the Scythian–Sarmatian animal style through the prism of ancient art became the reason for the global introduction into subsequent architectural and artistic styles, up to the present time. 3. The Scythian–Sarmatian art in the Crimean cultural landscape is unique in that it embodies the original style of the Scythian–Sarmatian people.

Multivariate analysis of ethnic migrants' entrepreneurial motivation in Ghana

Multivariate analysis of ethnic migrants' entrepreneurial motivation in Ghana

The ancient pattern in the Crimean cultural landscape

The subject of the study is the ancient pattern in the cultural landscape of Crimea, expressed in architecture, sculpture, monumental and decorative arts. The object of the study is the Crimean artifacts of the ancient polis (architectural details, sculpture, vase painting) in comparison with similar objects of mainland Greece. The author pays special attention to the transformations of the ancient style in the Crimean diaspora, associated with the influence of autochthonous cultures: Taurian, Meotian, Cimmerian, Scythian-Sarmatian, and examples of the synthesis of the artistic stylistics of these cultures and the ancient style. The use of the ancient order system as the basis of all subsequent styles, including the Crimean modern, which is a reflection of the synthesis of cultures of the multiethnic cultural landscape of Crimea, is also traced. The continuous continuity of the ancient style up to the present is shown. The article uses the method of historicism in retrospect of the ancient pattern in the cultural landscape of the Crimea, the comparative method in the comparative analysis of artifacts of the Crimea and mainland Greece, the method of stylistic analysis in classical architecture and decorative arts of the Crimea. The main conclusions of the study are: 1. The Crimean cultural landscape is diverse due to the historical polyethnicity of the region, associated with its geographical location and unique natural complex, which has become a place of numerous ethnic migrations throughout history. This is also connected with the appearance of ancient Greek culture in the Crimea, which left a significant mark on the peninsula. 2. The ancient order architectural system, as well as the use of classical anthropomorphic proportions in sculpture, wall painting, vase painting, became the basis of the classical approach in architecture and fine arts. The constructive expediency, conciseness and harmony inherent in ancient architecture became the reason for its global introduction into subsequent architectural and artistic styles, up to the present time. 3. The ancient pattern in the Crimean cultural landscape is unique in that it embodies the cultural synthesis of Greek classics and local autochthonous cultures.

An attempt to plot the source languages of village names on a map of Kachin State, Myanmar

Abstract The Kachin State of Myanmar is home to a variety of ethnic groups, including Kachin, Tai, and Burmese. This is a result of the ethnic migrations and expansions that have occurred in the area. Determining the source language of a village name and plotting it on a map could provide clues to the present and past distribution of the ethnic groups, and also supporting evidence for presumed ethnic migrations and expansions. In this paper, I will outline methods for determining the source languages of village names in Kachin State based on the resources such as descriptions on maps, information gathered through interviews, names of families and clans and so on. I will also present the results of an attempt to plot the source languages on a map at the current stage.

Exploring Multicultural Education: A Case Study of Singkawang

This article investigates multicultural education in Singkawang, Indonesia, where diverse ethnicities coexist. Rapid social changes often trigger ethnic migration, leading to a convergence of cultures. Ethnocentrism can impede inter-ethnic communication, fostering stereotypes and ethnic conflicts. Multicultural education, emphasizing democratic, humanistic, and pluralistic values, is proposed to address these issues. Singkawang, recognized for its ethnic diversity, serves as a unique case study. The research method involves qualitative analysis with interviews from students, teachers, and parents from various ethnic backgrounds. Findings revealed the city's friendly atmosphere, preserved harmony, and respectful behavior, especially among students. "Ngopi bareng" (coffee gathering) is identified as a key practice among adult localsstated by parents of students in maintaining multiculturalism. Schools also actively promote tolerance through democratic practices, curriculum diversity, and inclusive instructional strategies. The article concludes that multicultural education is vital in fostering acceptance, understanding, and appreciation of diversity, emphasizing the dynamic nature of this approach in shaping open-minded individuals in a diverse society. Further research is recommended to explore this topic's nuances.

Information behaviour and factors influencing family planning knowledge of Myanmar ethnic migrants: a qualitative study

The accessibility to quality family planning (FP) information and counselling for Myanmar ethnic migrants in Thailand is questionable. Inadequate knowledge and lack of informed choice to practice FP methods increase the risk of unmet needs and method failures in FP, which could result in unplanned pregnancies and induced abortions. This research aimed to understand the FP information behaviour of a Pa-O migrant group, as well as structural and agency influencing factors on FP knowledge acquisition in Chiang Mai. A qualitative research based on the Information Behaviour model and Structuration theory was conducted using participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. A non-probability sampling method was employed, and 31 respondents participated in the study. The study found that actively seeking FP information from formal sources to make an informed decision was not common among Pa-O migrants. Instead, there was more reliance on informal information sources for choosing FP methods. Cultural norms related to sex, marriage, and age hinder migrant health information-seeking behaviour from formal and informal information sources. Pa-O migrants were alienated from structural resources, limiting the opportunities to promote FP knowledge. The personal and situational factors that significantly influenced the agency of migrants were lack of awareness of the right to information, language barriers, and perceived communication barriers with health staff. Limited resources of migrant-friendly health education programmes adversely affect migrant FP information behaviour. Reproductive health education programmes, including quality FP counselling services, should be accessible for marginalised migrants to ensure that their choices of FP are well-informed.

Resilience and adaptation strategies of ethnic migrants in the own-account work sector: A study of Uphill Country Tamils in Kerala, India

This study examines the survival strategies adopted by Uphill Country Tamils during the colonial period to the post-repatriation period to escape exploitation and financial instability through own-account work. Additionally, it investigates the success stories of current Uphill Country Tamils engaged in own-account work and their strategies for combating unemployment. An insider-ethnographic approach was employed to gather data from plantation-concentrated areas. Results revealed that the ethnic group has been able to re-establish own-account work activities upon returning from Sri Lanka to India. However, most Uphill Country Tamils still face severe social and economic challenges. Despite this, some individuals in repatriated settlement areas believe they can overcome their vulnerabilities through own-account work. The shared experiences of the community inspire exploration of self-employment opportunities, adding a new dimension to discussions in the field of own-account work and entrepreneurship research. This study highlights the resilience of Uphill Country Tamils and the significance of own-account work in addressing unemployment and economic issues.

Bugis Ethnic Migration Strategy Increasing Sembako Kiosks Business in Kayu Putih Village, Kupang City

The number of ethnic Bugis in the city of Kupang is 6,652 people, most of whom live in traditional markets, namely the Inpres Naikoten I market, Oeba market, Oesapa market. Bugis ethnic migrants consider that there is still a lot of potential that has not been developed and has not been optimally managed by the indigenous people, such as in trade, fisheries and other businesses,Local cultural values ​​that are interrelated in shaping the personality of the Bugis people which have an impact on their behavior such as Siri', Pesse', Getteng, Asitinajang, Lempu, Acca. Reso, effort, effort in achieving a goal. These local cultural values ​​function as a dynamist for the success of Bugis entrepreneurs, spurring their enthusiasm to compete in conducting business activities that enable them to succeed. The dynamics of these seven values ​​are as follows: for the Bugis, working hard (reso) is a way to maintain siri' (self-esteem). In working always determined (getteng) to finish the job. While working, always maintain the norms (lempu) and try to find alternatives to complete work intelligently and creatively (acca). After all the efforts (reso) done; just surrendered to God's destiny, but he is sure that God's destiny will not come without effort. After being successful in his business, he enjoys spending reasonably (asitinajang) and part of it is used to support relatives in need (pesse').

The Research on the International Communication of Chinese Traditional Culture under the Digitalization of Media: The Case of "Li Ziqi"

China is an ancient civilization with 5,000 years of history, and through long periods of ethnic migration and integration, a unique Chinese culture has emerged. With the economic, political and cultural rise of modern China, it is imperative to spread Chinese culture to the world to shape a new image of China. Thinking about the international impact of traditional Chinese culture based on the perspective of cultural communication, digital media should be used as the fundamental support for cultural communication, as the overlap between different cultural subjects can lead to contradictions and conflicts due to the desire of the subject's position in the Other, which is a difficult problem for cultural communication, but it also provides an opportunity to This is a challenge for cultural communication, but it also provides an opportunity to find a balance and a seam between cultures.

The Role of Ghana’s Macro Environment in Ethnic Migrants Self-Employment Entrepreneurial Motivation

This study examines the role of Ghana’s macro environmental factors on the entrepreneurial motivation of self-employed ethnic migrants. It analyses the effect of context on motivation, by focusing on the six PESTLE variables, as predictors for each of the eight distinct dimensions of entrepreneurial motivation factors, identified through an initial factor analysis of the generated survey data. We tested five hypotheses to determine the association between macro-environmental factors, and the entrepreneurial motivation of the respondents. Following data analysis and interpretation, two hypotheses comprising H2, and H3 were supported. Thus, our results show a statistically significant positive correlation between Ghana’s economic environment (i.e. H2), including its social context (i.e. H3), and the self-employment entrepreneurial motivation of the study’s respondents, as hypothesised. However, three hypotheses, consisting of H1, H4, and H5, were partially supported. The new insights derived from the findings constitute this paper’s contribution to the existing knowledge, and the entrepreneurship literature. Also, the paper’s scope and focus positions it as one of the first studies, or probably it could be the first study that has empirically analysed the impact of Ghana’s macro-contextual factors on the entrepreneurial motivation of internal ethnic migrant entrepreneurs. Furthermore, our exclusive focus on external macro-environmental factors contained in PESTLE models, which were rigorously analysed to determine their impact on entrepreneurial motivation, is a departure from the frequent analysis of the personality of entrepreneurs, and internal factors within an enterprise. Thus, from the ensuing, we make both a methodological contribution, and additions to the structural theory approach of entrepreneurship.

On “ethnic migrants” and the beginning of their ethnographic study in Central Europe

“Ethnic migrants” can be understood as participants of a specific type of migration, which is characterized by institutional and material facilitation by the host country of the conditions of migration movement based solely on the ethnic origin of migrants. The ethnic origin declared by such migrants, as a rule, coincides with the ethnic origin of the titular nation located in the target country. The aim of this article is to depict the mode of implementation and methodological preconditions of one of the first attempts at ethnographic analysis of so-called ethnic migrants and to convey how the thematic and methodological directions of the aforementioned scientific approach led to theoretical innovations in German-speaking ethnology in the post-war period. As an example, studies of disappearing ethnographic phenomena conducted among Bessarabian migrants of German origin in the territory of the then Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia will be presented.

Bulgarian community in Chicago: A model of development

<abstract> <p>This paper presents the first comprehensive model of development of the Bulgarian settlement in the Chicago area from its earliest traces to the present day, from historical and anthropological perspectives. In the process, we distinguish five periods of Bulgarian presence spanning more than a century and discuss the patterns of Bulgarian settlement, economic profiles and community life for each of those periods. The paper highlights the struggle for survival and recognition of early Bulgarian migrants during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the political rivalry of the Cold War Bulgarian refugees preventing their consolidation and the contemporary, post-1989, Bulgarian economic mass migration which becomes increasingly visible and emancipated, claiming Chicago as the <italic>Bulgarian City</italic>. In the process, we seek to explain why this long history of Bulgarian immigration has not resulted in the community's overt visibility, either in the literature and studies of Chicago's ethnic landscape or through the creation of an ethnic enclave with vernacular urban centralized space distinct from other ethnic migrant groups and their neighborhoods such as Little Italy, Ukrainian Village, Greek Town and Chinatown.</p> </abstract>