Ethnic Heterogeneity Research Articles

The Impact of Ethnic Heterogeneity on Decentralization Perceptions in Romania

While most research on decentralization has focused mainly on the fiscal implications, there is also a need to assess the perceptions of citizens towards the process, perceptions which are like­ly to differ between different ethnic, religious or cultural groups. Although Romania is one of the largest European countries, research in this area has been very limited. The aim of this paper is to provide preliminary insights into the relationship between ethnic heterogeneity and perceptions of decentralization. Using an experimental research design, the paper examines support for decentralization in Bucharest, the mostly homogenous capital city located in Wallachia, and in Cluj-Napoca, the largest city in Transylvania with a relatively ethnically heterogeneous population. Results suggest that heterogeneous populations seem to be more sensitive to the rhetoric about decen­tralization.

Association of PGC-1α gene with type 2 diabetes in three unrelated endogamous groups of North-West India (Punjab): a case-control and meta-analysis study.

PGC-1α (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha) plays a key role in glucose homeostasis inside liver and muscle. The impact of six polymorphisms of PGC-1α with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) susceptibility was evaluated on 1125 samples comprising of 554 T2D cases and 571 controls among three endogamous groups (Bania, Brahmin and Jat Sikh) of North-West India (Punjab). Single-locus analysis showed a significant differential pattern of genetic association of PGC-1α among studied groups emphasizing the role of ethnicity towards disease susceptibility. Haplotypes G-A-G-G-C-C in Bania group; G-G-G-G-C-A in Brahmin; G-A-A-G-T-C, G-G-G-G-T-C in Jat Sikh groups conferred ~ two to fivefold increased T2D risk. Intriguingly, the haplotype combination G-A-G-G-C-C provided T2D risk in Banias whereas it played a protective role in Brahmins reflecting the role of ethnic heterogeneity. In the secondary structure prediction of mRNA, slight free energy change along with structural changes was observed between the wild and variant allele of rs3736265, rs8192678 and rs2970847 loci. Meta-analyses conducted on rs8192678 and rs2970847 variants illustrated the overall effect of minor alleles providing a higher risk for the T2D development. Divergence in genetic variants and haplotype combinations associated with T2D risk among studied groups is inferred from the present dataset, which strongly highlights the combinatorial effect of diverse ethnic background of the population under study with genetics towards susceptibility to complex diseases like T2D.

Marginal Effects in Interaction Models: Determining and Controlling the False Positive Rate

When a researcher suspects that the marginal effect of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] varies with [Formula: see text], a common approach is to plot [Formula: see text] at different values of [Formula: see text] along with a pointwise confidence interval generated using the procedure described in Brambor, Clark, and Golder to assess the magnitude and statistical significance of the relationship. Our article makes three contributions. First, we demonstrate that the Brambor, Clark, and Golder approach produces statistically significant findings when [Formula: see text] at a rate that can be many times larger or smaller than the nominal false positive rate of the test. Second, we introduce the interactionTest software package for R to implement procedures that allow easy control of the false positive rate. Finally, we illustrate our findings by replicating an empirical analysis of the relationship between ethnic heterogeneity and the number of political parties from Comparative Political Studies.

Dramın Boyutlarının Ölçümü: Terörizmin Sosyo-Ekonomik Belirleyicilerinin Coğrafi Ağırlıklı Regresyon Analizi

In the study, the socio-economic determinants of terrorism are examined using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) analysis in the context of 81 provinces in Turkey. Firstly, on the purpose of investigating the validity of convergence process among the provinces and examining the effects of terrorism on the convergence process, the four regression models of convergence are used. The results of unconditional and conditional convergence analysis show that divergence process among the provinces is dominant and that terrorism accelerates divergence process. Secondly, the model estimation findings point out that the GWR model promotes the model fitting compared to global estimation coefficients. The outcomes of the analysis providing the non-linear relationship between the terrorism, income and democracy show that the roots of terrorism are stem from several factors in Turkey. In general, it is observed that the level of income, population, unemployment, foreign trade, inflation, poverty, inequality, crime rate, democracy, ethnic heterogeneity, residential instability and geographic location have a positive impact of terrorism while the level of education, consumption, hopefulness, happiness and military intervention have a negative effect on terrorist activity.

Culture, Ethnicity and Access to Bank Credit

All entrepreneurial ventures, regardless of their ownership, size, location and industry, require finance in order to initiate, maintain and expand operations. At the same time, access to finance is limited for entrepreneurs, specifically disadvantaged entrepreneurs. The classical literature postulates that access to finance is an economic outcome determined by different socio-economic determinants. However, there are significant disparities in availability of finance to mainstream and tribal entrepreneurs which has not been answered satisfactorily till date. This work investigated into the cultural and ethnic determinants of bank credit availability to tribal entrepreneurs in India. It also analyzed whether ethnic heterogeneity exists in bank credit allocation. Using primary data, the study found evidence of ethnic and religion bias in accessing bank credit. Our results indicated that education and family tradition in business significantly improve the probability of getting bank credit for tribal entrepreneurs.

Geography and Communal Conflict in Indonesia

The determinants of communal conflicts in Indonesia have been widely documented. However, most of them ignore geographical aspects of communal conflicts. This paper examines geographical determinants of communal conflicts in Indonesia. Data comes from the 2008 Village Potential Census (Podes) and official statistics which consist of communal conflict information across all Indonesia’s districts (N districts = 465). Results from spatial dependent model show that communal conflict to be spatially dependent through latent determinants, meaning that communal conflict clusters because of clustering of latent determinants within district. Rather than religious and ethnic heterogeneity, communal conflict is positively associated with poverty, economic inequality, elite capture, and weak capacity of districts to manage fiscal resources.

Ethnic heterogeneity and prostate cancer mortality in Hispanic/Latino men: a population-based study.

BackgroundFew studies focus on prostate cancer (PCa) outcomes in Hispanic/Latino men. Our study explores whether Hispanic/Latino subgroups demonstrate significantly different prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) relative to Non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) men.MethodsWe extracted a population-based cohort of men diagnosed with local-regional PCa from 2000-2013 (n= 486,865). PCSM was measured in racial/ethnic groups: NHW (n=352,886), NHB (n= 70,983), Hispanic/Latino (n= 40,462), and Asian American/Pacific Islander (n= 22,534). PCSM was also measured in Hispanic/Latino subgroups: Mexican (n= 8,077), Puerto Rican (n= 1,284), South or Central American (n= 3,021), Cuban (n= 788), and Dominican (n= 300). We conducted univariable and multivariable analyses (MVA) to compare risk for PCSM.ResultsCompared to NHW men, results showed worse outcomes for NHB men with similar outcomes for Hispanic/Latino men. In MVA with NHW men as a reference, NHB (HR= 1.15, p <0.001) men had significantly worse PCSM and Hispanic/Latino (HR= 1.02, p= 0.534) men did not show a significant difference. In a second MVA, Puerto Rican (HR= 1.71, p <0.001) and Mexican (HR= 1.21, p= 0.008) men had significantly higher PCSM. With NHB men as a reference, the MVA showed Puerto Rican (HR= 1.50, p= 0.006) men with higher PCSM and Mexican (HR= 1.08, p= 0.307) men with no significant difference.ConclusionsOur findings indicate previously unknown disparities in PCSM for Puerto Rican and Mexican American men.

Genetic study of the PAH locus in the Iranian population: familial gene mutations and minihaplotypes.

Phenylketonuria (PKU), one of the most common inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, is caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene (PAH). PKU has wide allelic heterogeneity, and over 600 different disease-causing mutations in PAH have been detected to date. Up to now, there have been no reports on the minihaplotype (VNTR/STR) analysis of PAH locus in the Iranian population. The aims of the present study were to determine PAH mutations and minihaplotypes in Iranian families with PAH deficiency and to investigate the correlation between them. A total of 81 Iranian families with PAH deficiency were examined using PCR-sequencing of all 13 PAH exons and their flanking intron regions to identify sequence variations. Fragment analysis of the PAH minihaplotypes was performed by capillary electrophoresis for 59 families. In our study, 33 different mutations were found accounting for 95% of the total mutant alleles. The majority of these mutations (72%) were distributed across exons 7, 11, 2 and their flanking intronic regions. Mutation c.1066-11G>A was the most common with a frequency of 20.37%. The less frequent mutations, p.Arg261Gln (8%), p.Arg243Ter (7.4%), p.Leu48Ser (7.4%), p.Lys363Asnfs*37 (6.79%), c.969+5G>A (6.17%), p.Pro281Leu (5.56), c.168+5G>C (5.56), and p.Arg261Ter (4.94) together comprised about 52% of all mutant alleles. In this study, a total of seventeen PAH gene minihaplotypes were detected, six of which associated exclusively with particular mutations. Our findings indicate a broad PAH mutation spectrum in the Iranian population, which is consistent with previous studies reporting a wide range of PAH mutations, most likely due to ethnic heterogeneity. High prevalence of c.1066-11G>A mutation linked to minihaplotype 7/250 among both Iranian and Mediterranean populations is indicative of historical and geographical links between them. Also, strong association between particular mutations and minihaplotypes could be useful for prenatal diagnosis (PND) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in affected families.

Abstract 1314: Trans-ethnic HLA fine-mapping of the MHC region identified several independent variants influencing susceptibility to lung cancer

Abstract Background: Genetic variants within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are associated with lung cancer. However, debate persists about the identity of the true causal variants, in part due to the broad linkage disequilibrium (LD) characteristic of the MHC and to the complexity and cost of complete HLA genotyping. Here, we assessed the role of the MHC in modulating lung cancer risk in Asians and Europeans using a broad set of HLA variants to detect the main alleles and the presence of independent effects elsewhere in this genomic region. Material and methods: Association between the HLA variants and risk of lung cancer was examined in two collections of samples of different ethnicity (18,686 cases / 15,190 controls and 2,324 cases / 1,646 controls of European and Asian ancestry, respectively). Using existing genome-wide SNP data from the lung cancer OncoArray study, we imputed and tested classical alleles and amino acid polymorphisms in HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1, as well as 7,258 SNPs across the MHC. All the analyses were performed assuming an additive genetic model adjusted for sex and principal components as covariates. The study-wide significant threshold was p=6.03 x 10-6. Results: Conditional, haplotype and stratified analyses identified two independent HLA allele effects associated with lung cancer squamous cell carcinoma in Europeans. One is HLA-DQB1*06 that showed a significant protective effect (OR=0.85, 95%CI 0.80-0.90, p=3.05 x10-8). The other effect is attributed to the long ancestral 8.1 haplotype (OR=1.30, 95%CI 1.18-1.42, p=4.78 x10-8), which contains class I and class II HLA alleles (A*0101 - B*0801 - C*0701 - DRB1*0301 - DQB1*0201 - DQA1*0501). In addition, single-amino-acid polymorphisms in HLA-B (at positions 9, 156, 163 and 178) and HLA-DRB1 (at positions 26, 71 and 74) located in peptide-binding grooves, suggest these proteins as possible functional contributors within the haplotype. In Asians, we observed two independent HLA allele effects associated with lung adenocarcinoma : HLA-DQB1*0401 (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.35-2.05, p=1.59 x10-6), and HLA-DRB1*0701(OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.31-2.01, p=5.48 x10-6) as well as an intronic SNP in HLA-A (rs2256919) (OR=0.75, 95% CI 0.67-0.83, p=1.75 x10-7). Conclusions: We established an association between HLA haplotype 8.1 and squamous lung cancer risk in Europeans. In contrast, in Asians we observed associations only with class II HLA alleles and risk of lung adenocarcinoma. We did not observed shared HLA alleles effects between populations. This ethnic heterogeneity in classical HLA allelic associations with lung cancer may be explained by allele frequency differences between populations and also different exposures that interact with HLA. Furthermore, our study illustrates the value of high-resolution imputation for fine-mapping causal variants in the MHC. Citation Format: Aida Ferreiro-Iglesias, Corina Lesseur, James McKay, Rayjean J. Hung, Christopher I. Amos, Paul Brennan, on behalf of OncoArray consortium. Trans-ethnic HLA fine-mapping of the MHC region identified several independent variants influencing susceptibility to lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1314. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1314

“Strength of Weak Ties,” Neighborhood Ethnic Heterogeneity, and Depressive Symptoms among Adults: A Multilevel Analysis of Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) 2012

A substantial body of research, based largely on North American and European contexts, demonstrates that social networks play a critical role in protecting and promoting mental, as well as physical, health. The purpose of this study is to examine how “weak” and “strong” network relations are differentially related to individual mental health (depressive symptoms) based on a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults. Using multilevel analysis, the current research also investigates the extent to which contextual or neighborhood-level factors moderate the associations between depression and social network. Findings show that regular interaction with weaker ties (acquaintances, neighbors, coworkers, etc.) are associated with better mental health. The number of strong ties (family members and friends), on the other hand, is not a significant predictor of psychological distress. In addition, a cross-level interaction term is observed: The negative relationship between weak ties and depressive symptoms is diminished in neighborhoods with more foreign-born residents or immigrants. General implications beyond the empirical case under investigation are discussed, as to why weak ties can be “strong” in relation to mental health and how this phenomenon can vary according to residential characteristics such as ethnic heterogeneity.

Exploring Community Levels of Lead (Pb) and Youth Violence

ABSTRACTAn emergent body of literature has documented a relationship between the lead (Pb) pollution (a structural form of violence) and crime (including interpersonal forms of violence) at the aggregate level. This study contributes to the lead and crime literature by exploring the relationship between lead and youth violence at the community level. To explore this association, data on lead, concentrated disadvantage, residential mobility, racial and ethnic heterogeneity, percentage divorced, and youth violence were obtained across the city of Chicago’s Community Areas (n = 77). Results from hot spot analyses, Ordinary Least Squares regressions, and a Geographically Weighted Regression suggest that not only do lead and youth violence appear to concentrate in the same communities, but increases in community lead level are associated with corresponding increases in youth violence 10 years after exposure. This study concludes with a discussion of theoretical and policy implications.

The Rural/Urban Divide: Examining Different Types of Assault Through a Social Disorganization Lens.

Most studies of social disorganization theory focus on urban communities. In addition, these studies largely ignore more intimate crimes, such as intimate partner violence. Yet, results from extant studies are often generalized to explain all types of crime in all types of communities, thus potentially ignoring the dynamics surrounding intimate crimes and rurality. The current study expands on previous research in two ways. First, this study examines whether characteristics of social disorganization can predict assault across various victim-offender relationships. Second, this study applies social disorganization predictors to both metropolitan (or urban) and nonmetropolitan (or rural) counties. The sample consisted of 690 counties located across 13 different states. Results from the Poisson regression models indicate higher levels of ethnic heterogeneity and concentrated disadvantage were associated with increased rates of assault across various victim-offender relationships. Furthermore, the measures of social disorganization functioned in the expected direction in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties. These results highlight the importance of controlling for community structures when examining rates of violence, including intimate partner violence. Programs and policies designed to reduce intimate partner violence should include neighborhood components as these affect rates of violence within a community.

Spatial Patterns of Larceny and Aggravated Assault in Miami–Dade County, 2007–2015

The combination of crime mapping and geospatial analysis methods has enabled law enforcement agencies to develop more proactive methods of targeting crime-prone neighborhoods based on spatial patterns, such as hot spots and spatial proximity to specific points of interest. In this article, we investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the neighborhood crimes of aggravated assault and larceny in 297 census tracts in Miami–Dade County from 2007 to 2015. We use emerging hot spot analysis (EHSA) to identify the spatial patterns of emerging, persistent, continuous, and sporadic hot spots. In addition, we use geographically weighted regression to analyze the spatial clustering effects of sociodemographic variables, poverty rate, median age, and ethnic diversity. The hot spots for larceny are much more diffused than those for aggravated assaults, which exhibit clustering in the north over Liberty City and Miami Gardens and in the south near Homestead, and the ethnic heterogeneity index has a moderate and positive effect on the incidence of both larceny and aggravated assaults. The findings suggest that law enforcement can better target prevention programs for violent versus property crime using geospatial analyses. Additionally, the ethnic concentration of neighborhoods influences crime differently in neighborhoods of different socioeconomic status, and future studies should account for spatial patterns when estimating conventional regression models.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Inequities in coverage of smokefree space policies within the United States

BackgroundPrevious studies have found extensive geographic and demographic differences in tobacco use. These differences have been found to be reduced by effective public policies, including banning smoking in public spaces. Smokefree indoor and outdoor spaces reduce secondhand smoke exposure and denormalize smoking.MethodsWe evaluated regional and demographic differences in the proportion of the population covered by smokefree policies enacted in the United States prior to 2014, for both adults and children.ResultsSignificant differences in coverage were found by ethnicity, region, income, and education (p < 0.001). Smokefree policy coverage was lower for jurisdictions with higher proportions of poor households, households with no high school diploma and the Southeast region. Increased ethnic heterogeneity was found to be a significant predictor of coverage in indoor “public spaces generally”, meaning that diversity is protective, with differential effect by region (p = 0.004) – which may relate to urbanicity. Children had a low level of protection in playgrounds and schools (~10% covered nationwide) – these spaces were found to be covered at lower rates than indoor spaces.ConclusionsDisparities in smokefree space policies have potential to exacerbate existing health inequities. A national increase in smokefree policies to protect children in playgrounds and schools is a crucial intervention to reduce such inequities.

Ethnic Heterogeneity, Group Affinity, and State Higher Education Spending

A rich interdisciplinary literature exists exploring the determinants of state higher education funding policies. However, that work has collectively ignored an important finding from political economy literature: namely, that citizens’ preferences regarding public spending are strongly influenced by the state’s ethnic and racial context. Drawing on a unique panel of state-level data covering the years 1982–2009, we find that states demarcated by increased racial and ethnic diversity and eroding white majorities do tend to spend less on subsidies to public higher education, resulting in decreased state appropriations as well as more tepid support for financial aid programs. Critically, however, we find that the negative effects of increased ethnic and racial fractionalization can be mitigated—and in some circumstances, fully offset—by a high degree of positive social interaction between ethnic and racial groups. These results are discussed within the pragmatic context of continued state emphasis on degree attainment as a mechanism to foster economic growth as well as broader considerations about equality and social justice.

Implicit Egoism in Sentencing Decisions: First Letter Name Effects with Randomly Assigned Defendants

Implicit egotism—in particular, positive unconscious associations that individuals have with others who share their names or first initials—is a mainstay of modern psychology textbooks, but the interpretation of prior field studies has recently come under criticism for lack of adequate control, reverse causality, and ethnic heterogeneity. Using unique data from the New Orleans District Attorney’s Office on 48,988 defendants that were randomly assigned to judges from 1988-1999, we identify the causal effect of matching first initials. In contrast to positive affect, we find that judges assign 8% longer sentences on average (about two-three months) when they match on first initials. The effect is robust to controls and removal of outliers. No effect is found for second-letter matches, last-letter matches, or randomly reassigned names. The effects are somewhat larger for defendants categorized as Negroes by the New Orleans District Attorney’s Office, which could be due to sampling variation or due to behavioral biases playing a stronger role in evaluations when decision makers are nearly indifferent. The effects are also somewhat larger for judges categorized as Whites. The negative effect of sharing first initials explains 0.03% of variation. Finally, we interpret the negative behavioral effect as threatened egotism, in which individuals motivated to manage self-image (implicit egoism) create social distance from negatively- valenced targets perceived to be associated with the self.

Predicting local violence

Riots, murders, lynchings, and other forms of local violence are costly to security forces and society at large. Identifying risk factors and forecasting where local violence is most likely to occur should help allocate scarce peacekeeping and policing resources. Most forecasting exercises of this kind rely on structural or event data, but these have many limitations in the poorest and most war-torn states, where the need for prediction is arguably most urgent. We adopt an alternative approach, applying machine learning techniques to original panel survey data from Liberia to predict collective, interpersonal, and extrajudicial violence two years into the future. We first train our models to predict 2010 local violence using 2008 risk factors, then generate forecasts for 2012 before collecting new data. Our models achieve out-of-sample AUCs ranging from 0.65 to 0.74, depending on our specification of the dependent variable. The models also draw our attention to risk factors different from those typically emphasized in studies aimed at causal inference alone. For example, we find that while ethnic heterogeneity and polarization are reliable predictors of local violence, adverse economic shocks are not. Surprisingly, we also find that the risk of local violence is higher rather than lower in communities where minority and majority ethnic groups share power. These counter-intuitive results illustrate the usefulness of prediction for generating new stylized facts for future research to explain. Ours is one of just two attempts to forecast local violence using survey data, and we conclude by discussing how our approach can be replicated and extended as similar datasets proliferate.

INTER-ETHNIC TENSION AND ETHNIC CONFLICT: CONTENT, FORMING FACTORS, TYPOLOGY

In modern Russian society, there take place the processes of cardinal transformation of socio-economic, political, spiritual and other spheres of its functioning. This fact conditions an urgent need to study risks and threats to preservation of social stability, sustainable development, strengthening of ties and relations in the Russian society. This aspect is especially important in multinational subjects of Russia, which differ in national heterogeneity of the population, degree of socio-economic development of the territories, variability of ethno-cultural norms and value patterns of social life. The article deals with vital and complex issues related to the phenomenon of “interethnic tension” and ethnic conflicts existing in modern national and foreign science, theoretical and methodological approaches to their study, classification criteria, various concepts of the causes and typologies of these phenomena. The author of the article presents classification of interethnic conflicts according to their stages or forms, to the nature of conflicting parties, which makes it possible to single out conflicts of “psychological stereotypes”, “ideological doctrines”, “political institutions”. In the study of the phenomenon of “interethnic tension”, it is important to establish risks and reasons for deterioration of interethnic relations in multinational administrative entities, the role of the factor of ethnic heterogeneity in the emergence of ethnic conflicts in modern Russian society. National diversity is fraught with various negative consequences, risk of interethnic confrontation and ethnic conflicts as polyethnic communities are more at risk of their appearance than mono-national ones.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL12B are associated with Takayasu arteritis in Chinese Han population.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated association between genetic variants of IL12B and IL6 and TA. Since TA has been reported with ethnic heterogeneity, we sought to investigate whether the single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) reported in these studies are associated with TA in the Chinese Han population. A multi-center study involving 412 patients with TA and 597 healthy controls was conducted. Sequenom MassArray iPLEX platform was used to determine the frequencies of SNPs in the IL12B and IL6 region. We demonstrated a allele association between the four SNPs of IL12B and TA (rs6871626: OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.26-1.83; rs4921492: OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.21-1.75; rs60689680: OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.17-1.69; rs4921493: OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.21-1.75, all P c <10- 3 ). A meta-analysis consist of four populations showed rs6871626 was a susceptible locus of TA. Its OR was 1.51, and 95% CI was 1.31-1.74. The four SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium and two haplotypes were significantly different between patients and controls. Conditional analysis shows that these SNPs were not independent factors contributing to TA. Nevertheless, neither genotype nor allele frequencies of rs2069837 in IL6 showed significant between-group differences. Thus SNP of IL12B may be considered a high-risk factor for TA in Chinese Han population and provide further clues for research into the pathogenesis of TA.

Abstract PR04: Ethnic heterogeneity and prostate cancer mortality in Hispanic/Latino men

Abstract Purpose: Few studies have focused on the rapidly growing and extremely diverse Hispanic/Latino population in regards to prostate cancer outcomes. Our study explores whether heterogeneity between Hispanic/Latino men of diverse ancestry potentially contributes to unexplored disparities in five-year prostate cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality. Patients and Methods: From the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER), we designed a population-based cohort of men diagnosed with local-regional prostate cancer (n= 432,356) from 2000-2012. Five-year cumulative incidence of prostate cancer-specific mortality was obtained using competing risks analysis and all-cause mortality was determined by using one minus the Kaplan-Meier survival estimate of overall survival. This was examined for different racial and/or ethnic groups: Non-Hispanic White (n= 313,514), Non-Hispanic Black (n= 62,346), Hispanic/Latino (n= 36,407), and Asian American/Pacific Islander (n= 20,089). We also measured prostate cancer-specific and all-cause mortalities in Hispanic/Latino subgroups: Mexican (n= 7,273), Puerto Rican (n= 1,174), South or Central American (n= 2,666), Cuban (n= 747), and Dominican (n= 292). Results: In all racial/ethnic groups, five-year cumulative incidence rates were highest for Non-Hispanic Black men at 15.96% (95% CI: 15.6 - 16.3) and were lowest in Hispanic/Latino men at 13.08% (95% CI: 12.6 - 13.5) and Asian American/Pacific Islander men at 13.33% (95% CI: 12.7 - 13.9). Within ethnic subgroups, Puerto Rican men at 22.06% (95% CI: 19.4 - 25.1) and Cuban men 20.91% (95% CI: 17.8 - 24.5) showed significantly higher five-year all-cause mortality than all other groups. Mexican men showed the third highest rate of all groups with 16.47% (95% CI: 15.4 - 17.6). For five-year prostate cancer-specific mortality, both Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino men showed similar rates that were higher than other racial/ethnic groups with 3.39% (95% CI: 3.22 - 3.57) and 3.29% (95% CI: 3.07 - 3.52), respectively. For ethnic subgroups, Puerto Rican men at 5.26% (95% CI: 3.88 - 6.92) and Mexican men at 4.77% (95% CI: 4.19 - 5.40) showed significantly higher five-year prostate cancer-specific mortality than all other groups. Cuban and Dominican men showed high rates of both five-year all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality, but without significance. Conclusions: Our findings indicate previously unknown disparities in five-year prostate cancer-specific mortality in Mexican and Puerto Rican men. We also note the increased all-cause mortality within Puerto Rican men diagnosed with prostate cancer, of which may be influenced by comorbid disease. These findings should be further explored and considered in screening and management guidelines. Citation Format: Felix M. Chinea, Vivek N. Patel, Deukwoo Kwon, Chris J. Lopez, Narottam Lamichhane, Sanoj Punnen, Erin Kobetz, Matthew C. Abramowitz, Alan Pollack. Ethnic heterogeneity and prostate cancer mortality in Hispanic/Latino men. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR04.