This study's objective was to be the first to explore the ethnicity/cultural origins, gender identity, ability/disability, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background, and harassment/discrimination experiences of Canadian radiation oncologists (ROs). Following a literature review and input from content experts, an ethics-approved national cross-sectional electronic survey was developed in English and French and electronically distributed to all ROs in Canada (n = 598). Descriptive statistics summarized responses. Comparisons between groups were performed using Chi-square tests, and content analysis was performed on open-ended responses. The survey was completed in full by 42.5% of ROs (254/598). Most respondents were male (62.9%), 35-44 years old (39.2%), and heterosexual (94.3%). 41.2% identified as belonging to a racialized group, which is higher than the overall Canadian population (27%), but Black, Indigenous, and Southeast Asian ROs were underrepresented (1.9% vs. 4%, <1% vs. 5% and 1.6% compared to 4%, respectively). A significant subset analysis showed that only 20% (21/105) of racialized ROs were women, whereas Caucasian women comprised 49.3% (74/150) of Caucasian respondents (p < 0.001). While 75.4% of respondents reported job satisfaction, 42.1% reported experiencing workplace discrimination/harassment within the past 5 years; most commonly, this was perpetrated by fellow faculty (31.7%; 58/183) or patients or their family members (31.7%; 58/183). Respondents felt that gender, race/ethnicity, and age were the three top reasons for discrimination/harassment, with double the amount of racialized ROs reporting harassment compared to White ROs (p < 0.001). Nearly half (45.2%; 114/252) did not understand how to report, or felt uncomfortable reporting, workplace discrimination/harassment. This study highlights high harassment and discrimination rates amongst Canadian ROs, especially amongst racialized women, which may affect career satisfaction and attrition rates. Compared to census data, Black, Indigenous, and Southeast Asian ROs were underrepresented, and amongst racialized ROs, racialized women were significantly underrepresented. These findings underscore the need for targeted diversity initiatives, improved mentorship programs, and stronger institutional policies to address harassment and foster an inclusive work environment.

This article introduces the concept of asymmetrical affect to examine how the resettled from different socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds have been conditioned by and reacted to the affections of relocation under a Chinese hydropower project in northern Laos. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork and household interviews, I scrutinise how the relocation, along with its concomitant development and unexpected consequences, has provided ‘comfort’ (sabay) or caused ‘impoverishment’ (thouk) to the ‘bodies’ (gay) and ‘hearts’ (chai) of the resettled. The local elite capitalised on new infrastructure to improve their livelihoods and social standing, whereas the rural poor with labour power suffered from economic dispossession, community/family dislocation, and emotional distress. All rural destitute villagers experienced a ‘poetic infrastructural disconnect’; some faced ethnic discrimination and unfair allegations. I argue that the intersection of new material conditions and unequal social positions informs post-relocation ‘sabay’, thus challenging large-scale development’s narratives of uniform progress.

The implementation of special autonomy in Indonesia aims to support the principle of the democratic rule of law. This study aims to complement various previous studies that have failed to see the relationship between the two in implementing special autonomy in Indonesia. The research method uses a descriptive approach by collecting data from various literature sources, including laws and regulations, related cases, and journal articles. By exploring the practice of special autonomy in Indonesia, and specifically looking at the case of Aceh, this proposal seeks to answer three questions: (1) how is the relationship between special autonomy and the principle of democratic rule of law theory? (2) How is the implementation of special autonomy in Aceh related to the principle of the democratic rule of law? and (3) What efforts can be made to ensure that the implementation of special autonomy in Indonesia can guarantee a democratic rule of law? The results show that special autonomy has two tendencies toward democracy: skepticism and optimism. On the one hand, it strengthens the guarantee of political rights and civil liberties in the form of the involvement of the local population in government and strengthens the accountability and transparency of government implementation not only to fellow political institutions but also to the local community. On the other hand, special autonomy demonstrates the weakening of equality under the law through religious majoritarianism and ethnic favoritism in public policy. In the case of Aceh, special autonomy has had political and administrative repercussions, worsening intergroup domination and horizontal inequalities, as well as a declining investment climate. Therefore, this article recommends that the implementation of special autonomy should return to the goals and expectations of the concept, which is to encourage independence of thought and action while preventing subordination and domination in human relations. Through this policy, the application of ideas and the organization of people to fulfill their desires and realize as many aspirations as possible can be realized.

Transformations in Russian Activism

ABSTRACT This article explores the representation of historical forms of gender, religious and ethnic discrimination in Denise Mina’s Rizzio (2021), along with the solidary responses the author envisions to challenge them. Drawing on Sara Ahmed’s concept of familiar strangers (2000) and Judith Butler’s notion of the differential distribution of grievability (2004), it analyses the frictions and shifting identity boundaries prompted by encounters with strange(r)ness in this novella, which recounts the 1566 assassination of Mary Queen of Scots’ Italian secretary, David Rizzio. Through the concept of creative solidarity, the article revises the potential of historical crime narratives to elicit solidary responses from readers. Additionally, it investigates the gendered representation of the Scottish queen as a political and national symbol, questioning the romantic, religious and political narratives that shape her myth. Finally, it explores how difference is inscribed in both Mary’s advanced pregnancy and Rizzio’s Mediterranean features, examining how these markers fuel a gendered discourse of hate used to justify his murder. Ultimately, it argues that Mina’s fictionalised retelling of this historical event interrogates broader power dynamics, bringing into focus the complexities of contemporary Scottish society.

Objective:Cannabis use has been increasing among the Hispanic/Latinx population in the United States (US). Little research has expressly focused on culturally relevant factors related to cannabis use processes and problems among this group. The present investigation sought to help bridge this gap and test the main and interactive effects of perceived ethnic discrimination and negative emotional reactivity to minority stress in terms of cannabis use processes, including perceived barriers for cannabis reduction, cannabis use problems, and cannabis use motives, among Hispanic/Latinx adults in the US.Method:Participants were recruited through Qualtrics Panels and included 521 adults who engaged in current (past month) cannabis use (Mage = 36.52 years, SD = 10.26; 55.1% male).Results:In adjusted models, for perceived barriers for cannabis reduction and cessation as well as cannabis use problems, both perceived ethnic discrimination and negative emotional reactivity to minority stress were independently associated with higher odds of endorsement. For cannabis use motives, negative emotional reactivity to minority stress was positively associated with enhancement, social, coping, and expansion motives, whereas perceived ethnic discrimination was a contributor to conformity motives; effects ranged from small to medium. No interactive effects emerged as statistically significant.Conclusions:The current findings suggest that among the U.S. Hispanic/Latinx population, screening and intervening upon perceived ethnic discrimination and negative emotional reactivity to minority stress may help mitigate challenges with the continued use of cannabis.

The present study analyzes the relationship between students’ perception of the educational environment and academic performance in rural upper secondary education in Loreto County, Orellana Province, Ecuador. Through a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data (structured surveys) and qualitative data (semi-structured interviews and field observations) were collected between October 2024 and March 2025. The sample consisted of 236 students from six rural parishes, representing ethnic diversity and vulnerable socioeconomic backgrounds. The results show a significant positive correlation between favorable perceptions of the school environment and higher academic performance. The most predictive dimensions were perceived teacher quality, classroom climate, and student self-efficacy. Structural barriers such as poor school infrastructure, curricular disconnection from local realities, limited family engagement, and subtle forms of ethnic discrimination negatively impacted academic outcomes. Student narratives reflect strong youth agency, exemplified in expressions such as “we study just like that, even with rain” and “with effort and no laziness,” revealing a deep commitment to learning despite material hardships. This ethic of effort represents a crucial opportunity for educational policy and context-sensitive curricular design. The study concludes that incorporating student perception as a variable of analysis enables a more critical, contextualized, and human understanding of rural education systems. Accordingly, it recommends the design of public policies with territorial and intercultural approaches, reformulation of curricula based on epistemologies of the South, and the promotion of teacher training programs that recognize cultural and territorial diversity as essential educational components.

Abstract Following Raymond Williams’ notion of keywords, we explore the extent to which antisemitism is part of the cultural and social vocabulary of Britain, explicitly and implicitly. We establish a conception of rhetoric as the theory-praxis of becoming attentive to speech and its workings in individual and collective life, both in speaking as well as in listening. In the form of a dialogic exploration of the articulation of antisemitism in individual, lived experience, we explore how what is said and what is not said determines cultural memory, belonging, identity and difference. The resulting text puts the new conception of rhetoric we propose into practice. Antisemitism emerges as a keyword in the discursive formations regarding particularity, embodiment and care. It thus transcends the bounds of ethnic, religious or migrant discrimination and shows us an essential feature of the nature of human communication.

Racial/ethnic discrimination shapes adolescent brain connectivity: Social buffers and implications for executive function

Recently, U.S. youth of color reported greater use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis than White youth. Increased levels of discrimination in recent years may have added to the chronic burden associated with increased use among youth of color. Little is known about this relationship, especially among youth who initiate substance use earlier in adolescence. This study assessed the prevalence of substance susceptibility (willingness and curiosity) and use (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) among youth by race/ethnicity and ethnic discrimination's role in this relationship. Data from the national panel of 11,868 U.S. youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (baseline through fourth year follow-up; 2016-2022), which assessed these relationships beginning at ages 9-10 years, were analyzed in 2024-2025. Prevalence of lifetime substance susceptibility and use were quantified by race/ethnicity. Multivariable longitudinal analyses tested whether discrimination was connected to substance susceptibility and lifetime use and whether that relationship differed by race/ethnicity. Black youth reported lower lifetime alcohol and tobacco use, lower curiosity toward alcohol and tobacco, and higher willingness to try alcohol than White youth. Hispanic youth reported higher willingness to try alcohol. Asian youth reported lower lifetime tobacco use. Higher levels of ethnic discrimination were consistently associated with greater odds of susceptibility and use among all racial/ethnic groups in this study. Results show that youth of color report lower substance use; however, ethnic discrimination may account for some of the recent increased national trends in substance use among youth of color through its impact on their increased susceptibility to use substances.

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of discrimination on risky eating behaviors and emotional eating in Colombian migrants living in Chile. The sample consisted of 963 Colombian immigrants residing in northern and central Chile. The Dutch eating behavior questionnaire was used to assess emotional eating, the E-TONA structured interview to assess risky eating behaviors, and the scales of perceived racial and ethnic discrimination. The structural model presented adequate goodness-of-fit indices. Ethnic discrimination had a direct and positive effect on the development of risky eating behaviors. Racial discrimination had no significant effect on risky eating behaviors or emotional eating. It is necessary to continue exploring the relationship between discrimination and eating behavior, considering other factors at the individual and environmental levels, as well as other nationalities, in order to favor the development of effective public policies.

We report a conceptual replication of Akbari et al. (2020), who study the impact of co-ethnicity and kinship on behavior in an experimental “bribery game”. In the game, player A can offer a bribe to B, who can help A by inefficiently transferring resources from passive third-party C. We replicate the finding that by varying the relatedness of A, B and C, we can substantially modulate the willingness of A to offer the bribe and the willingness of B to reciprocate the bribe by harming C. The findings are consistent with theories of kin altruism and ethnic favoritism.

Abstract Background Cross-sectional data from the Belgian Health Interview Survey have documented higher levels of psychological distress among non-European and second-generation migrants compared to native Belgians. Previous research has widely recognised discrimination as a key social determinant that negatively impacts mental health within migrant populations. However, limited research has explored how this association evolves over time. This longitudinal study examines trends in anxiety and depression among first- and second-generation migrants, and those who identify with discriminated groups. Methods We used data from three waves of the BELHEALTH cohort, collected online in September 2022, March 2024, and March 2025, among 7,352 Belgian residents aged 18+. Mental health symptoms were assessed using the GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Participants were grouped into five categories: native Belgians, European (Eu) migrants, non-Eu migrants, second-generation Eu migrants and second-generation non-Eu migrants. Respondents also indicated whether they were part of a group that they felt was discriminated, based on their ethnicity, skin colour, religion, nationality or language. Mixed linear models were used to compare mental health outcomes across categories between 2022 and 2025. Results Second-generation non-European migrants showed a significantly higher risk of developing anxiety (β = 0.67, CI95% 0.03;1.32) and depression (β = 1.1, CI95% 0.4;1.8) vs. non-migrants, though this became non-significant after adjusting for age, sex and education (F = 2.2, p = 0.07). However, discrimination based on ethnic background significantly increased the likelihood of anxiety (β = 1.7 CI95% 0.9;2.4) and depression (β = 2.0 CI95% 1.2;2.8) over time, even after adjustment. Conclusions Perceived discrimination was a stronger predictor of anxiety and depression than migration status alone. Tackling discrimination is essential to improving mental health conditions of the migrant population in Belgium. Key messages • Ethnic discrimination, more than migration status per se, is a key predictor of anxiety and depression over time in Belgium. • Reducing ethnic discrimination is essential to improving mental health among the migrant population in Belgium.

Prior research suggests that immigrant generation, perceived discrimination, and identity shape Muslim American immigrants' mental health, but these factors have rarely been examined simultaneously, especially not while comparing different immigrant generations of Muslim Americans directly to each other and to Muslim Americans with no recent history of immigration. We examined the relationships between these factors and depression and anxiety symptoms in a sample of 157 Muslim American college students (range = 17-48; Mage = 21.16, SD = 3.69; 75.2% female; immigrant generations: 23.6% first, 54.1% second, and 22.3% third or later generations; region of origin: 65.6% Arab or Middle Eastern, 19.2% Southeast Asian, 6.4% sub-Saharan African or Caribbean, 5.6% European, and 3.2% South or Central American). These students were primarily recruited through announcements in relevant classes and student organizations to complete an online survey that included a question on their birthplace and their parents' birthplace as well as measures of perceived discrimination (General Ethnic Discrimination Scale), Muslim identity (Multigroup Ethnic Identity Scale), depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-8), and anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). We conducted path analytic models and tested the indirect effects of immigrant generation on depression and anxiety symptoms through perceived discrimination and Muslim American identity. Results showed that first- and third- or later-generation immigrants reported significantly lower perceived discrimination than second-generation immigrants, which in turn was linked to lower symptoms. Indirect effects via perceived discrimination were statistically significant, but those via identity were not. These results suggest that second-generation Muslim Americans are at heightened risk of psychological symptoms partly due to greater perceived discrimination and stress the need for clinical interventions and advocacy efforts targeting the high levels of discrimination that this group of students confronts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Institutional Architecture in Malaysia is a complex model reflecting the balance between the federal system, constitutional monarchy and representative democracy. This model embodies Malaysia's ability to manage ethnic and religious diversity within a single nation, as the society is made up of multiple ethnic and religious groups such as Malawians, Chinese and Indians. Despite the success of the political system in achieving relative stability, challenges related to ethnic and religious discrimination continue to affect the effectiveness of the system. The system still suffers from gaps in economic and social justice between different groups. The political reforms that have been implemented are necessary to increase transparency and accountability, but they have not yet reached the stage of achieving true democracy by Western standards. In addition, economic and social challenges such as Interstate economic differences and the gap between domestic and foreign employment continue to affect the sustainability of economic and political growth. On the other hand, the importance of improving political participation and public freedoms is highlighted, which calls for further reforms to ensure inclusive participation of all ethnic groups. The future requires more work towards social and economic justice to provide stability and achieve sustainable development.

Endocannabinoids Mediate Racial/Ethnic Discrimination Prediction of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Moderated by Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Black and African American Individuals.

Anxiety disorders have a chronic, more severe course among Black individuals. Racial and ethnic discrimination exacerbates anxiety among Black adults. Hope and mindfulness are positive resilience traits that correlate with lower anxiety levels. Protective factors against anxiety must be examined in culturally informed contexts. This study evaluates the unique associations of hope, mindfulness, discrimination, anxiety, and social anxiety among Black adults. Participants were 635 (133 men, 502 women) adults from a large southwestern United States university who identified as African American or Black. Ages ranged from 18 to 52 (Mage = 21.66years). Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires on hope, mindfulness, anxiety, social anxiety, and discrimination. Structural equation modeling analyses demonstrated that hope is associated with lower social fear when accounting for mindfulness and discrimination (β = - 0.14, C.I = - 0.24: - 0.03). Mindfulness is associated with lower anxiety (β = - 0.31, C.I = - 0.41: - 0.21), social fear (β = - 0.18, C.I = - 0.29: - 0.07), and social avoidance (β = - 0.22, C.I = - 0.34: - 0.10) when accounting for hope and discrimination. Discrimination is associated with higher anxiety (β = 0.28, C.I = 0.20:0.36), social fear (β = 0.31, C.I = 0.22:0.39), and social avoidance (β = 0.29, C.I = 0.20:0.37) when accounting for mindfulness and hope. Mindfulness had more robust protective qualities in the context of discrimination for anxiety and social anxiety than hope. The maladaptive relationships between discrimination and anxiety remained despite the presence of hope and mindfulness. Additional research is needed to identify strength-based approaches to protecting against and healing from experiences with discrimination among Black adults.

Abstract Highly educated individuals of immigrant origins perceive more ethnic discrimination than their less educated counterparts—a now well-established finding referred to as the ‘integration paradox’. In this paper, we study whether this purported paradox captures general educational effects on the lived experiences of historically disadvantaged populations going beyond the scope of integration among immigrants. We compare the educational gradient of perceptions of ethno-racial discrimination among ethnic minorities with the educational gradient of perceptions of gender discrimination among women. We also study intersectional dimensions in the experiences of minority women and those reporting multiple grounds for discrimination. Analyses based on representative data from two cross-sectional surveys in France - Trajectoires et Origines 1 and 2—involving over 35,000 respondents show that highly educated individuals, including both ethnic minorities and women, are more likely to report discrimination. Individuals who report discrimination on one ground are also more likely to report it on another ground. Our results suggest that the so-called integration paradox reflects more general educational effects on subjective experiences of exclusion that are not unique to immigrant-origin populations.

Abstract This study aims to assess the impact of negative healthcare experiences, including poor provider communication and discrimination, on physician trust in cancer-related advice. While trust in physicians is an important factor influencing patient engagement and health outcomes, there is limited research assessing trust in physicians regarding cancer-related information, including prevention, among the general population. Data for this study were obtained from the Health Information National Trends Survey 6 (HINTS-6). The survey was administered using equal probability sampling to random samples of adults aged 18 or older residing in the US. Trust in cancer information was assessed using the question "In general, how much would you trust information about cancer from a doctor?" Patient experiences with healthcare were assessed via their self-reported history of communication and discrimination. Communication was assessed with seven unique questions on the domains of Opportunity for Questions, Emotional Support, Shared Decision-Making, Self-Management Support, Clarity of Communication, Time Spent with Patient, Managing Uncertainty. Racial or ethnic discrimination was assesed with the question "Have you ever been treated unfairly or been discriminated against when getting medical care because of your race or ethnicity?" Binary logistic regression was performed to identify associations between covariates and trust in physicians’ cancer information. Patients reporting dissatisfaction across all seven patient-communication categories exhibited the lowest rates of trust among all covariates (aOR: 0.34, CI: 0.28-0.42). Respondents who experienced racial or ethnic discrimination in healthcare were less likely to express high trust (aOR: 0.65, CI: 0.50-0.84). Racial disparities were also identified, with non-Whites and Hispanics reporting lower levels of trust. This study highlights the significant association of negative healthcare interactions on trust in physicians’ cancer-related advice and underscores the need for improved patient-centered communication. Citation Format: Aaron Shaykevich, Martha Wojtowycz. The association between discrimination or poor provider communication and public trust in cancer advice from physicians [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 18th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities; 2025 Sep 18-21; Baltimore, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2025;34(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B117.

ABSTRACT For young Indigenous people, suicide is among the leading causes of death. High rates in Arctic areas indicate serious health and societal concerns. More knowledge is needed about the suicidal process, as suicide attempts predict later death by suicide. This study aimed to look for associations between suicide attempts and ethnic identity factors and culturally specific factors in Sami adolescents, including possible gender-specific patterns of predictors. In the total group of 442 Sami (15–16-year-olds) in The Norwegian Arctic Adolescent Health Study (NAAHS), multivariable logistic regression analyses showed associations between suicide attempts and the female gender, living in a stepparent family, and a weak family economy. Sami females who reported weak identity exploration had eight times higher odds of reporting suicide attempts. Sami males who had experienced discrimination or showed a strong identity commitment had between six- and eight-times higher odds of reporting suicide attempts. Sami females were less affected by experiencing ethnic discrimination compared to males, as Sami females were more sensitive to family patterns. Public health programmes and prevention strategies targeting adolescent suicidal behaviour should consider gender differences in the association between ethnic identity, cultural and socio-demographic factors, and suicide attempts.