Ethnic Cultural Diversity Research Articles

Stanley Sue (1944-2024).

Memorializes Stanley Sue (1944-2024). Stan Sue was a second-generation Chinese American who became interested in ethnicity as an undergraduate at the University of Oregon where he received his B.S. degree in 1966. He completed his PhD in psychology at University of California, Los Angeles in 1971. He was an assistant and associate professor of psychology at the University of Washington (1971-1981) and professor of psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles (1981-1996). He was a professor of psychology, psychiatry, and Asian American studies (1996-2004) and distinguished professor of psychology and Asian American studies (2004-2010) at the University of California, Davis, and distinguished professor of psychology at Palo Alto University (2010-2015). Stan Sue is one of the most noted and influential experts in the field of ethnic minority mental health and ethnocultural psychology. What distinguished him from other elite scholars centered on his ability to exert this influence through numerous roles as a social scientist, professional leader, teacher, mentor, and social justice activist. Over the last 50 years, he conducted some of the most pioneering and significant work in ethnic minority mental health. Stan's legacy centers on his sustained prominence as an internationally and nationally recognized scholar with respect to ethnic minority and cultural diversity issues. Importantly, he made these contributions and achievements with deep humility, compassion, that charismatic smile, and sparkling humor that endeared him to his students and colleagues. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

AVALIAÇÃO NEUROPSICOLÓGICA NO BRASIL: CONTEXTOS E CONTRIBUIÇÕES

Neuropsychological assessment is of fundamental importance for the development of cognitive abilities, both in the diagnosis of possible delays and in the treatment of results arising from lesions in parts of the brain. As a relatively recent branch of psychology, Neuropsychology was established in Brazil according to its multidisciplinary nature and has gained increasing relevance, especially because mental illnesses and disorders have become more evident in the face of new means of technology and social relationships. The article proposed here aims to establish an analysis of Neuropsychological Assessment in Brazil, seeking to understand the evolution of the concepts of Neuropsychology and Neuropsychological Assessment, as well as how this evolution occurred in the national context. Studies and knowledge about the brain and the human body in general are increasingly gaining global importance, and in this sense, Brazil, given its complexity and ethnic-cultural diversity, could assume global leadership in neuropsychological assessment research and in the development of new means, knowledge and techniques.

Migrants and Xenophobic Attacks in South Africa: Theory and Evidence

Acts of xenophobia are a persistent feature of life in South Africa. Daily animosity often spills over into violence against both locals and mostly migrants and their economic enterprises. One argument is that xenophobia has characterized post-apartheid South Africa partly due to increased migration flows. Can migration cause xenophobia? Using data from Xenowatch Reports, we examine the impact of migration flows from Zimbabwe on the onset and persistence of acts of collective violence targeted at foreign nationals’ lives and their foreign-owned businesses in South Africa. Results show that increased migration flows from Zimbabwe into South Africa leads to ethnic polarization, cultural diversity, and intolerance by residents toward immigrants. The variable migrants has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on xenophobia. However, migration can impact xenophobia through inducing ethnic fractionalization, cultural diversity and ethnic polarization, intolerance, and hostility with the coefficients of ethnic fractionalization and cultural diversity being positive and statistically significant and supporting the hypothesis that more migration flows from Zimbabwe lead to more xenophobic attacks in South Africa. These findings aid our understanding of the economic consequences of xenophobia. JEL codes: Q15, Q32, Q54

EMBRACING DIVERSITY: THE ROLE OF MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN MITIGATING ETHNIC CONFLICT & FOSTERING UNITY IN PAKISTAN

This paper aims to analyze and synthesize whether multicultural education can serve as a means of easing the ethnic conflict and cultural diversity in Pakistan. The ethnic diversity of nations, languages, and cultures has been a strength and, simultaneously, a weakness due to conflicts. This study submits that it is possible to coordinate multicultural education in schools and make it important tool for improving understanding amid different communities. This paper relies on the review of current policies concerning the education systems and proposals drawn from case studies of multicultural societies to provide an understanding of the way forward for Pakistan in responding to the multicultural realities in its education systems that how incorporating multicultural perspectives into the curriculum can help students appreciate different cultures and reduce biases. According to studies, minimization of conflict amid different forms of identities is possible by adopting presented cultural-structural model, that may boost positive attitude toward multiple Pakistani identities and promote the enhancement of the social cohesion in the country.

XENOCENTRISM AND SOCIAL BONDING: INFLUENCES ON FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ SOCIAL INTERACTIONS

This research focuses on relationship between Xenocentrism and societal bonds amid female university students, with an enhanced concentration on the impacts of traditional and ethnic background & geographic landscapes effecting their relations. It is process influenced by superiority deliberation for foreign cultures over one’s own identity. Thus, its influence on societal bonds and relationships amid young adults remains an area of attention. The study comprised of mixed-methods approach, combining survey data from 30 female university students considering in-depth interviews. The phenomenal Xenocentrism is correlated with the social capital in a sense that people adopt Xenocentric behaviors to impress societal relationship and to create a dominating approach. This research promotes a knowledge of complex relationships amid ethnic identity, cultural diversity, societal bonds, superiority considerations and Xenocentrism approves within the young adults of society. The findings could be implemented at all micro & macro levels. From a single individual to a larger community for educating, increasing awareness, trends setting and policymaking to offer the cross-cultural understanding and diversity in higher education settings & within each stratum of society.

Promoting Awareness and Self-Efficacy for Culturally Responsive Teaching of Pre-Service Teachers Through the Identity Project – a Mixed Methods Study

ABSTRACT Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) provides a framework for teachers to include students’ ethnic-cultural identities in class, aiming to tackle issues of educational and societal inequity. This quasi-experimental mixed methods intervention study tested whether pre-service teachers attending a seminar based on an ethnic-cultural identity school intervention, the Identity Project, would show greater CRT self-efficacy and more positive beliefs about teaching in ethnic-culturally diverse classes, compared to a control group. Repeated measures ANCOVAs of survey data from 606 pre-service teachers in Germany indicated a stronger T1-T2 increase in confidence for interacting with ethnic-culturally diverse students and engaging in culture- and ethnic-related conversations in the intervention group. No significant time-by-group interactions emerged for other CRT facets. A content analysis of brief texts of pre-service teachers in the intervention group revealed they became more self-reflective about their own beliefs, learned about CRT practices for their own teaching, and gained confidence for including issues of ethnicity and culture in class. Yet, the complexity of ethnic-cultural diversity-related topics left some pre-service teachers feeling overwhelmed about how to adequately address ethnic-cultural diversity in the classroom. Overall, the Identity Project seminar raised pre-service teachers’ awareness and self-efficacy for engaging in CRT in the future.

The Role of Ethnic Minority Music Communication in Regional Ethnic Identity and Cultural Diversity

The Role of Ethnic Minority Music Communication in Regional Ethnic Identity and Cultural Diversity

ECOLINGUISTICS OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AS A LANGUAGE OF INTERETHNIC COMMUNICATION

The article outlines the ecolinguistic principles and strategies of teaching a foreign language as a language of interethnic communication. The ecolinguistic approach assumes that teaching a foreign language as a language of interethnic communication should promote communication around the world, without violating the original linguistic traditions of nations, nationalities and ethnic groups, provide linguistic and cultural diversity, a culturally rich, but united world. In this regard, a foreign language is also intended to serve the needs of host cultures, to preserve and emphasize their uniqueness. As a language of international communication, a foreign language is seen not as a full-fledged linguoculturally filled language, but as a code for the transmission of personal and national linguoculturally conditioned messages. This kind of code should adapt to the needs and requirements of the world community, borrowing designations with appropriate meanings from national languages, and not vice versa. Rather than level cultures and civilizations, we see its role as reflecting their diversity. Ecolinguistic strategies for teaching a foreign language as a language of interethnic communication proposed, in line with which it is deemed desirable for foreign language curricula to represent: 1) to the maximum — global issues, world heritage, history/modernity/future, 2) extensively — modernity, history, culture of host cultures, 3) to a moderate degree — modernity, history, culture of the country of a foreign language (10–20 % of the educational material). When teaching a foreign language, traditional language pedagogy is preferred, the linguocultural method combined with immersion are deemed not quite ecolinguistic because of foreign acculturation. It is welcome though when teaching the national/native language to create a strong cultural identity (inculturation) and immunity to foreignization. In TEFL, immersion can be used, but without acculturation. Excessive branding of foreign realities and personalities as part of foreign acculturation is not believed to be sustainable. Foreign language textbooks should be politically correct and tolerant, especially with regard to facts, history, values, personalities of the host culture; traditional moral and ideological conclusions should ensue from the texts. The national/native language should be used as a rightful metalanguage of explanation when comparing cultural phenomena. It is advisable to write and publish foreign language textbooks by the authors of the host culture.

Prevalence of loneliness among older people living in rural areas. Differences by ethnic group and predictor variables

Loneliness is one of the most recurrent public health problems in older people. However, there is little data available in Chile on its prevalence in people over 60 years of age living in rural areas and belonging to native or Afro-descendant groups. To examine the prevalence of loneliness among older people living in rural areas by ethnic group and to analyze the socio-demographic, family, and health variables related to loneliness. We interviewed 1,692 elderly people living in Chilean rural areas of the regions of Arica and Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Los Lagos, Aisén and Magallanes. The instruments applied were the DJGLS-6 loneliness scale, Family-APGAR, questionnaire of 13 most frequent health problems in Chilean older people, and Barthel index. We found a high prevalence of loneliness (over 55%) among Afro-descendants, Quechua, Atacameño, Colla, Chango, Huilliche, Kawesqar and non-indigenous people. Emotional loneliness is the most prevalent among indigenous and non-indigenous older people living in rural areas (≥ 71%). Variables associated with loneliness were being female, age, not having a partner, living alone, family dysfunctionality, and having health problems. Loneliness in rural areas is higher in older people, and this situation becomes more complex at the crossroads of ethnic-cultural diversity; it is necessary to continue to address this problem that affects biopsychosocial well-being in old age.

Angklung as a Tool for Diplomacy and Cross-Cultural Communication

Angklung is a traditional musical instrument inherited from Indonesia. This study uses a literature study method that is relevant to the research objectives. The results of the research show that angklung is a world heritage. Apart from that, angklung is a traditional art tool that was originally part of a ritual ceremony and then continues to develop and adapt to changing times to become a functional art for entertainment. Angklung is a form of non-material culture that has the potential to be a source of local history that has values that can be passed on to future generations. Angklung was created from the diversity of ethnic groups, customs, and cultures. The existence of angklung has been recognized by UNESCO as Indonesia's official world cultural heritage, this UNESCO recognition extends the list of Indonesian cultural heritage that is recognized by the world. Angklung is one of the country's abilities to invite other countries to cooperate. Angklung can increasingly become a cross-cultural communication because it develops in other countries. Angklung has a long history and has existed since ancient times until now. Angklung is not used as pure art, but as art that functions in religious activities.

Barriers and Challenges of Immigrant Women’s Access to and Experience of Optimal Maternity Care

With an increase in immigrant populations, healthcare systems are experiencing a new wave of ethnic-cultural diversity among patients. For the 48.1% of women among global migrants, maternal healthcare services are often the first level of contact with new healthcare systems in countries of resettlement. However, immigrants face many barriers, including socioeconomic and language considerations. As maternal care requires frequent contact with health care services through all stages of pregnancy, ensuring the quality of care is important to protect maternal and infant health. Using a systematic review method analyzing 17 articles from PubMed and Google Scholar in the past 20 years, 3 overarching themes were identified: lack of access to prenatal care, cultural insensitivity during in-hospital settings, and challenge in identifying and experiencing post-partum depression. This literature review reveals the broader influences and contextual variables in maternity care and highlights problems relating to the acceptability and accessibility of maternity services for immigrant women. Overall, this paper reveals the importance of considering immigrants’ socio-cultural context of childbirth practices, creating more accessible prenatal classes, and addressing disparities in postpartum depression. This knowledge can better inform health services delivery and formulate health promotion strategies to address discrepancies in maternal health outcomes.

English-Indoensian Code Mixing Used by Sandiaga Uno's Speech in Youtube

It is commonly known that Indonesians speak their mother tongue along with the national language, as well as foreign languages, when interacting with one another in society. The ethnic diversity, cultural diversity, and linguistic diversity of Indonesia help to create multilingual languages. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and purpose of the English-Indonesian code mixing used by Sandiaga Uno in a speech video on YouTube. This study used a descriptive qualitative method that was based on Creswell's theory and applied Sugiono's documentation-based approach to data collection. While the Miles and Huberman theory, which included data reduction, data display, and conclusion/verification, is used for data analysis. This study shows the many kinds and purposes of code mixing for each statement that Sandia Uno has uttered, including code mixing of words, phrases, hybrids, word reduplication, idioms, and clauses. The study finds a few advantageous uses for code mixing in sandiaga uno. They are: the motivation to experience need, providing additional information, and expressing one's emotions.

ЕТНОКОМУНІКАЦІЯ В МУЛЬТИКУЛЬТУРНОМУ РЕГІОНІ: ВИКЛИКИ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The cross-border status of Transcarpathia, its multiethnicity is reflected in various spheres of life, including mass communication activities. The article actualizes the issue of the functioning of online media of the ethnic communities in the westernmost region of Ukraine in the context of the development of multicultural information space in the structure of the Ukrainian national media field. The role of ethnic media in informing and supporting traditions and customs, preservation of ethnic consciousness and cultural diversity is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the ethno-national aspect of communication and the important role of Transcarpathian media in the development of native-language communication, which is represented by a wide range of ethnic media (Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Roma, German, Jewish, etc.). The model of multicultural communication developed in Transcarpathia contributes to the development, including civic identity, a sense of social responsibility for everything that happens in the country, and encourages the local journalistic community to cultivate tolerance, prevent interethnic conflicts, and counter information threats. Taking into account the complete implementation of the functions of Transcarpathian intercultural communication, the degree of effectiveness of their activities, the article also notes crisis processes in the modern media sphere of Transcarpathia. Some of them are caused by foreign policy circumstances, the war with Russia and informational aggression, problems of intergovernmental interaction, and therefore require special attention, correctness, and competence of journalists. Moreover, the issues of interethnic relations (especially in the educational and linguistic spheres) are strategic, related to national security, harmonious relations between Ukraine and neighboring Western states. Meanwhile, the online media of Transcarpathian ethnic groups are actively integrated into the intercultural communication system, occupying and maintaining their own segment in it.

Decolonising higher education: Black and Minority Ethnic students’ experiences at an elite British university

ABSTRACT Recent movements to decolonise the university have challenged the ideological and political position of authority, reflecting the power relations between different societal groups. Framed by postcolonial and decolonial perspectives, this paper attempts to represent the experiences, values and viewpoints of Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) students at an elite British university who speak for themselves about their lived realities at the institution. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with seven undergraduate and two postgraduate students explored their university experience, academic success, sense of belonging, discrimination and racism. The findings revealed that the students lacked a sense of belonging at the university. Among the factors that undermined this are the predominantly White faculty bodies, exclusive curriculum representation and inter-group interactions divided by racial groups. Cultivating an inclusive university experience will allow BME students to feel a sense of belonging and integrate the racial and ethnic cultural diversity that they represent.

Ethical Principles for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage: How to Protect Intangible Cultural Heritage of Minority Ethnic Groups in China

The “Ethical Principles for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage” (Ethical Principles) is a set of non-binding, encouraging general principles. As a supplement to the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (Convention) and its Operational Directives, it provides excellent practices that can directly or indirectly influence the intangible cultural heritage for governments, organizations, and individuals. Considering the specific circumstances of the protection of minority intangible cultural heritage in China, the Ethical Principles serve as a necessary supplement to the national legislative framework. The Ethical Principles emphasize the role and status of communities, individuals, and organizations in protecting and inheriting intangible cultural heritage, and advocate for gender equality, youth participation, and respect for ethnic characteristics and cultural diversity, among other international consensuses. These principles can be used as a valuable reference for promoting and improving the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage of minority ethnic groups in China.

Язык и социальные институты: взаимосвязь в границах этнической культуры

The research is focused on the determination of the interconnection between language and social institutions within the framework of ethnic cultures. The article analyzes the mutual influence of language and social institutions. On one hand, the functioning of social institutions is based on a fixed deontology that is represented in language. On the other hand, language itself can be seen as a consequence of institutional arrangements. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the application of an interdisciplinary approach to solving the problem of the interconnection between language and social institutions, drawing on theoretical models from the philosophy of language, philosophy of culture, and institutional theory. The research has established that the diversity of ethnic cultures manifests through the linguistic representation of institutional facts.

Unveiling the Repressive Culture Towards Female Sexuality: A Critical Communication Ethnography of Sifon Circumcision Rituals in Atoni Pah Meto Ethnic Community

ABSTRACT Indonesia’s ethnic-cultural diversity becomes a paradox when perpetuating discriminatory values and harmful practices. Sifon is a circumcision ritual practised by the Atoni Pah Meto ethnic community in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This study examines Sifon as a communication event and uses the critical communication ethnography approach and muted group theory to unveil its repressive cultural elements. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, participant-observers, and document studies. Observing how power, prestige, privilege, and authority systems construct women’s dependent identity and silence them, the authors argue that Sifon-media women are doubly muted from their embodied experiences to enjoy a healthy cultural life.

Islamic Institution Students and Understanding Multiculturalism (Case Study at Institut Agama Islam Tarbiyatut Lamongan)

This research aims to analyze the understanding of Islamic college students toward multiculturalism. Some of the problems studied are (1) the reasons for the importance of studying multiculturalism for students, (2) the forms of planting multiculturalism values based on Islamic religion for students of the Islamic Institute Tarbiyatut Tholabah (Tabah) Lamongan (3) the implications of multiculturalism on the understanding of IAI Tabah students about multiculturalism. This study uses qualitative data analysis methods. Multiculture already exists in Islamic teachings called Tasamuh. Tasamuh is a mubalaghah from samaha which means tolerance. Tasamuh is an open attitude that recognizes the diversity of ethnic groups, races, skin colors, languages, customs, cultures, languages, and religions. Multicultural education must include the concepts of diversity, respect, justice, tolerance, racism, prejudice, discrimination, and stereotypes. The results show that multiculturalism is important to be taught to students to realize Islamic moderation or Wasathiyah Islam. Activities are directed to support the multiculturalism of campus life. However, IAI Tabah students' understanding of multiculturalism is diverse.

Conditions influencing conservation of students’ ethno-cultural competency in the polyethnic environment of the university

The article discusses the aim of polyethnic education to form students' sensitivity to cultural differences.The aim of the study is to identify, define and justify the pedagogical possibilities of ethno-cultural education of students in a multiethnic educational environment. As a consequence of understanding cultural differences, the student must first understand their own culture, and only then other cultures. The peculiarity of the tested course is that the conditions are considered not only localization, as the preservation of an ethnos, but also the geographical environment from which the formation of an ethnos began, as a direct condition for the emergence of an ethnos and culture.  Because the climate affects the style of clothing and housing, modes of transport. Geographical conditions also affect the weapons of work and life; climate affects customs and rituals. Language plays an important role in the formation of each culture, a common language supports the cohesion of an ethnic group. Culture, customs and historical memory are mediated in the language. Within the framework of historical culture, ethnic self-cognition and historical memory are formed. Every culture strives to preserve its world through a system of traditions. And thus, the specificity and diversity of ethnic cultures of students are determined by a variety of factors. It is established that the dynamics of intercultural contact will depend on the quality of relationships (communication) between representatives of different cultures. The research uses methods of analysis of scientific literature, experimental work. A curriculum for the development of ethno-cultural competence of students was developed, which was tested at the Gumilyov Eurasian National University and Toraighyrov University. 159 students took part in the experiment Keywords: ethnos, ethnic culture, ethnic self-awareness, ethnic identification, identity, student.

Reinstating Traditional Horsemanship of Ethnic Minorities in Southern China by Excavation, Sorting, and Comparative Research

In August 1991, the book Chinese Nation’s Traditional Sports History was published, and it was hailed as the “masterpiece of Chinese folk sports” by academic circles. In this masterpiece, the traditional horsemanship of 23 ethnic minorities and that of 10 southern ethnic minorities represented by the Miao, Yi, Bai, Shui, Hani, Naxi, and other ethnic groups has been included. For the first time, this masterpiece integrates the traditional horsemanship of the ethnic minorities in Southern China in one volume. The disadvantage is that most of the included traditional horsemanship of ethnic minorities only made a brief introduction to the time, place, and form of its development. However, under the global trend of the transition from traditional society to modern society and post-modern society, the traditional horsemanship of ethnic minorities in Southern China is facing an increasingly serious crisis of inheritance and disconnection, resulting in a gradual extinction of related traditional cultural heritage. The characteristics are gradually lost because of it. Therefore, it is essential to return to the historical and cultural field of traditional horsemanship, conduct rescue excavation, sort out the traditional horsemanship of ethnic minorities in Southern China, rescue the records of traditional horsemanship that is disappearing or undergoing drastic changes, as well as carry out comparative studies on this basis. This is not only an important way to inherit the traditional culture of ethnic minorities, but also means to protect the diversity of ethnic cultures and promote the development of exotic villages.