Ethnic Component Research Articles

ЕТНІЧНІ СКЛАДНИКИ ФОРМУВАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ НАЦІЇ В ІСТОРИЧНИХ ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯХ

The article attempts to analyze the peculiarities of the origin and development of Ukrainian ethnogenesis in modern historiography. The study of ethnic problems as such in general and ethnogenesis as a component of ethnic processes in the domestic scientific literature occupies an important place. The study of ethnic processes in Ukraine became especially relevant after the country’s independence, which caused an urgent need to have, in particular, a real scientific and historical concept of the origin of Ukrainians. Currently, the study and analysis of this topic is extremely important, because thanks to the fruitful study and comprehensive analysis of the origin of the Ukrainian nation, the future generation will form a clearer understanding of the sources of Ukrainian ethnogenesis, traditions and customs, cultural identification, national traits, patriotism, representation of Ukrainian nation in the worlds’ historical and political arena, etc. It is worth to mention that the study of concepts of the origin of the Ukrainian nation is one of the most difficult discussions of today. After all, shortly after the formation of the first concepts of the ethnogenesis of Ukrainians, various historiographical generalizations of this problem began to form, which were built mainly in the form of criticism of representatives of various historiographical schools. They defended different, sometimes directly opposite, views on the origin of the Ukrainian people. After the proclamation of Independence in Ukraine, the need arose in society to search for historical sources of national identity. This led to the active emergence of new or popularization of existing ethnogenetic concepts. Most of them fall under the notion of quasi-scientific because of their doubts about the original sources and rather free interpretation of historical phenomena and events. The West and the East of Ukraine are characterized by a completely opposite attitude to the same events and historical figures. Public authorities need to pay close attention to the development of a national idea, the search for national symbols and leaders. The article revealed the problems of the Ukrainian ethnic border in the works of researchers, as well as analyzed the ethnic components of the formation of Ukrainian nation and culture.

“German” Operation in the Kazakh SSR (1937– 1938). On the Question of the Ethnic Component of Great Terror

“German” Operation in the Kazakh SSR (1937– 1938). On the Question of the Ethnic Component of Great Terror

Ethnic Documentary Films as a Mirror of National and Cultural Traditions (For Example Republic of Tatarstan)

The mediatization of the public sphere leads to the intensification of the processes of intercultural interaction, which increases interest in new formats for reflecting the characteristics of the cultural and spiritual development of a person, one of which is ethnic documentary cinema. It allows you to widely represent the national cultures of different nations, immerse yourself in the world of a foreign culture, to reduce the degree of uncertainty arising from a foreign culture, to facilitate communication between ethnic groups. A functional and meaningful analysis of ethno-documentary films created by filmmakers of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2017-2019 allowed us to determine the features of the ethno-documentary genre. These include: the close connection of ethnic cinema with the development of academic anthropology and the need for a visual reflection of the life and culture of ethnic groups; focus on intercultural communication; the formation of the image of an ethnos on the basis of "internal observation", that is, the ability to be inside events and cultural traditions, which allows you to get away from distorting the picture. Considering the multinational aspect of the development of ethno-documentary in the Republic of Tatarstan, it was emphasized that one of the most important tasks of filmmakers in this context is to preserve the national image and identity, develop tolerance, strengthen interethnic harmony, foster respect for the culture, traditions and customs of different nationalities. The ethnic component of the documentary cinema of Tatarstan involves the historical reflection of national traditions inherent in a particular people, with an emphasis on reflecting in reality the original way of life, life, national and cultural traditions. The ethno-documentary of the Republic of Tatarstan is in a state of deep renewal, which is associated with the spread of the festival movement in Tatarstan, in particular, the work of the Kazan International Muslim Film Festival, which allows the formation of national reserves of ethno-documentary and gives impetus to the development of Tatarstan documentary films. We should talk about the special aesthetics of films, which largely borders on the principles of arthouse cinema, but fits into the mainstream of young Tatarstan cinema. It is based on the techniques of chronicling, films have a primarily social orientation in the spirit of “cinema-direct” (“direct cinema”), the Tatar alternative and performance. One of the leading functions of ethno-documentary is the communicative function, along with the integrative and research. Their implementation contributes to the comprehensive reflection of the national traditions of the Tatar people and peoples living in the Republic of Tatarstan.

Genetic Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis is Associated with Increased Striatal Volume in Healthy Young Adults

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, has recently been associated with increased striatal volume and decreased intracranial volume (ICV) in longstanding patients. As inflammation has been shown to precede the clinical diagnosis of RA and it is a known moderator of neuro- and gliogenesis, we were interested in testing whether these brain morphological changes appear before the clinical onset of disease in healthy young adult volunteers, as a function of relative genetic risk for RA. Genetic and structural MRI data were available for 516 healthy non-Hispanic Caucasian university students (275 women, mean age 19.78 ± 1.24 years). Polygenic risk scores were computed for each individual based on a genome-wide association study of RA, so that higher scores indicated higher risk. Striatal volume (sum of caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens volumes) and ICV were derived for each individual from high-resolution T1-weighted images. After controlling for sex, age, genetic components of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and depressive symptoms, we found that higher RA polygenic risk scores were associated with increased striatal volume, but not decreased ICV. Our findings suggest that increased striatal volume may be linked to processes that precede disease onset, such as inflammation, while decreased ICV may relate to disease progression.

The democratic political process in Iraq between reform and empowerment and comprehensive review after the elections of 2018

The research has been tackled about the emerging democratic political process in Iraq since 2003 , especially it has not received much attention from specialists in political, social and legal reform. So the Iraq’s situation has been subjected to various successive crises which matched with too much differences as well as the continuation of the administration of governance in accordance with the theory of power-sharing between the three presidencies, had brought it to all positions by the responsibility which witnessed a big suspicions; because of the political corruption in both administrative and financial sides .The invitations for procuring the comprehensive reform and empowerment within democracy needed to be the latest phenomena as a part of the policy that declined in previous period, which took place the democratic political process until we found it unable to renew itself and revive its contents from inside owing to the condition of the reliance on the consensus and political quotas by their sectarian, national, ethnic components in the political society . Furthermore , the process of re-revision in order to implement the reform and empowerment in democracy’s process became an urgent need to re - model the experience with a real and effective measures for the experience that can overcome the past and present to looking forward the future, and among these requirements and needs of several trying to be consistent with them according to the requirements of this stage in light of the trend to assess the overall political situation , and others to achieve a specific comprehensive review that does not harm the democratic political process consequently . So that , every country couldn’t get into the political reform without a hierarchical way to re-build the condition of democratic empowerment , although the power-holders make the right choices to secure their presence in the authority by ensuring their electoral supremacy in the democratic political process constitutionally and legally alike .The rules of participatory democratic political action; and the continuation of formal political reforms are considered a cause of crisis with the option of stumbling path reform in the final outcome and this does not serve the whole political experience in Iraq . In spite of the effectiveness of the Iraqi society, which is characterized by effective social mobility and even political at the popular levels, especially in the levels of The middle class itself and others, which began to do so in general, by stimulating the choice between the alternatives offered , to overcome this general problems by the political reform movement that is going on at the level of the ruling political class (National settlement options) or so – called The National Historic distressed under a state of political stagnation which suffered by the most of the partisan forces that relied just on their method visions . That change does not happen on its own, but through the behavior of individuals and their actions that based on the condition of a admixture between the theory of change and actual practice overlapping ultimately the incentives , to move effectively toward the transition into the best , and between the various structural factors contribute to the conditions of overall revision , which requires attaching aspirations to fulfillment action through reformist movements and to rebuild the national peace , stable and continuous pattern of change that starts from the bottom up to the top and not vice versa. Because the recent (reverse) reform structure may lead to abrupt and unexpected results as well as the state of decline in the institutional structure of society .
 Finally, The previous scenes we found were working in accordance with the current consensuses and alliances based on the profits and rewards, by exercising the authority without relying on the legitimacy of achievement and containment the whole components together. So in the next stage will be confronted a full of crises and with new challenges, which will undoubtedly be affected by failures of traditional parties or otherwise as long as they are part of the democratic political process, because the previous election experiences could not break the barriers and penetrate the equations of the reality within the current political assumptions, So that the limits of the authority itself would not have willing to seek the mission of rebuilding the nation-state or re-building into maintain its existence in a stable, orderly and balanced systematically , despite of the attempts of some leaders and renewal (senior) leaders to move somewhat away from the symbolic model of leadership and management alike .
 All of that , it depends on the quality of reform and review to accomplish the empowerment in political democracy , and to overcome all the differences among political governing elites presently and for the future , by procuring an active democratic process consequently .

Epigenome-wide Association Study of Diet Quality in the Women’s Health Initiative (OR31-06-19)

ObjectivesThis study examined the influence of diet on the methylome by analyzing 428,019 cytosine-guanine nucleotide pair (CpG) sites and assessing whether diet quality was associated with differential methylation patterns. MethodsThe study population included 4529 women from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) observation and clinical trial from three ancillary studies: EMPC, BAA23, and AS311. DNA methylation was measured from whole blood samples using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) meta-analysis, stratified by study cohort, was done using generalized linear models by regressing methylation β values (β = Methylated probes/[Methylated + Unmethylated probes]) for each CpG site on the primary exposure, AHEI, adjusting for cell composition, chip number and location, study characteristics, principle components of genetic relatedness, age, ethnicity and BMI. Significance was set at Holm-Bonferroni P < 0.05. ResultsDemographic characteristics are described by quartile of AHEI with Quartile 4 equivalent to the healthiest diet (highest score) and Quartile 1 equivalent to the poorest diet (lowest score) in Table 1. We found diet quality was significantly associated with 340 CpG sites after false discovery correction (Figure 1). While statistically significant, effect sizes were small (∼0.0003). These findings suggest that, on average, as AHEI increases by one SD (10.1 units), methylation changes by only ±0.003 in associated CpG sites. When examining the top 20 CpG sites (Table 2), several sites were located in genes critical to metabolism, including cg26137868 in the FOXA2 gene and cg20006924 in the RORA gene, both related to the regulation of glucose and fat metabolism and 3 CpG sites in the SLC18A2, SLC2A14, and SLC16A3 genes related to nutrient transport. ConclusionsThis is the first reported EWAS examining the relationship between diet quality and methylation in humans. While diet quality was statistically associated with many CpG sites, the effect sizes were small. Further investigation is required to understand the relationship between diet quality and the methylome. Funding SourcesNA. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs▪▪▪

Некоторые особенности национализма на Северном Кавказе

The article attempts to analyze some features of nationalism in the North Caucasus, which in Russian political science still have not received proper coverage. At the same time, the main attention is concentrated on indigenous peoples, whose specificity of this phenomenon is manifested especially clearly. The author gives an analysis of the main factors and levels of formation of their ethno-cultural identity, which is reflected in their national self-consciousness and socio-political attitudes and gives a proper place to the ethnic political and civil component of nationalism, both its positive and negative manifestations with examples of its politicization and the phenomenon of the sovereign parade.

The Ong Be language-speaking population in Hainan Island: genetic diversity, phylogenetic characteristics and reflections on ethnicity.

The Ong Be language-speaking population (Lingao population) settled in the north-central coast of Hainan Island and has attracted little attention because of its small population size (about five hundred thousand) as well as its relative geographical isolation in linguistics, anthropology, and forensic genetics. The Lingao population selected "Han Chinese" as its ethnic component around the founding period of the PRC. Hence, we used the Goldeneye™ DNA ID System 20A (including 13 CODIS core loci and 6 expanded CODIS loci) to obtain Lingao population genotypes and to enable the publishing of relative forensic parameters; further, this data will allow the evaluation of the Lingao ethnic component from different perspectives. Genetic differences between the Lingao population and Han Chinese populations from north and south administrative divisions of China as well as genetic distinctions among official ethnic groups were also investigated by the principal component analysis (PCA). The phylogenic tree was investigated by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). We analysed the genetic polymorphisms of 19 autosomal STR loci in 821 individuals from the Lingao population and observed a total of 269 alleles at 19 autosomal STR loci, with the corresponding allelic frequencies ranging from 0.0006 to 0.5780. The combined power of discrimination (CPD) and combined power of exclusion (CPE) for the 19 autosomal STR loci were 0.99999999999999999999998569 and 0.999999989, respectively. No evidence of deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was identified and no linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed. The results demonstrated that the Goldeneye™ DNA ID System 20A had highly genetic diversities in the 19 STR loci in the Lingao population for forensic applications. In addition, the Lingao population had relatively close genetic relationships with Guangxi Han and Hainan Li populations compared to other populations. However, from a historical and linguistic perspective, "Han Chinese" is probably not an accurate description of the Lingao population. In conclusion, it is neither accurate or appropriate toclassify the Ong Be language-speaking population as "Han Chinese" for multiple reasons. The present study can increase our understanding of the genetic relationships between the Lingao population and other Chinese groups. Nonetheless, further genetic studies are still needed to explore the mysteries of the Ong Be language-speaking population.

Еmigration processes from Russia: directions, scale, ethnic structure

After the collapse of the Soviet Union the structure of migration processes in Russia radically changed, a significant part of the internal migrations transformed into international ones. Although the scale of internal migrations noticeably decreased, still they continued to exceed international by several times. Along with the re-emigration of Russians and the immigration of people of other nationalities to Russia from the countries of the new abroad, which assumed a mass character, the international emigration from Russia to the countries of the old abroad increased significantly. This international migration flow has become permanent in the post-Soviet period. Analysis of statistical data made it possible to conclude that the scale of international migration, that substantially increased in the 1990s, in the zero years of the 21st century declined markedly. This applies both to immigration flows to Russia from the countries of the new abroad and to emigration flows from Russia to the countries of the old abroad. Despite the significant reduction in emigration from Russia in the twenty-first century, the main recipient countries for emigrants, as they were originally, are still Germany, Israel and the United States. The latter is due to the ethnic component. The article shows the extent to which international migrations damage Russia and improve labor (first of all, scientific and technical) and demographic potential of a number of recipient countries. It is emphasized that the solution of these problems is beyond the scope of state migration policy.

NOTES ON ETHNICAL COMPONENTS IN FORMING ARCHEOLOGICAL PICTURE OF SOUTWESTERN SERBIA AND NORTHERN MONTENEGRO IN PROTOHISTORY AND EARLY ROMAN PERIOD

The paper is devoted to recognition of ethnical components and their importance in creation of archaeological picture of South-Western Serbia and Northern Montenegro in proto-history and Early Roman period. The chosen region was an integral part of the Illyrian world, but on the threshold of the Thracian at the end of later prehistory. As for the subsequent period of Roman domination, one of the most important tasks for the future exploration is at least partial enlightening the structure of the population the Romans found in this area at the turn of the Christ Era. Either the new era or the Christian era.

ПОЗДРАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ДИСКУРС «ДНЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ» КАК КОМПОНЕНТ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ: ЭТНИЧНОСТЬ ИМЕЕТ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ?

Introduction: the article uses materials on the Russian “national republics”&nbsp;to show how the ethnic component manifests itself in the discourse of the “Republic&nbsp;Day” holiday, formally associated with the regional supra-ethnic identity, but in real&nbsp;fact capable to act as a discursive platform for actualizing the ethnic component&nbsp;by the republican authorities. Aims: to determine the extent of cross-regional variation in the institutionalization&nbsp;of ethnicity in the context of one of the components of regional identity policy&nbsp;in the Russian “national republics”, associated with official public address by republican&nbsp;leaders to the region residents on the annual celebrations of “The Day of Republic”. Methods: discourse analysis of congratulatory texts incorporated into the crossregional comparative analysis of 20 Russian “national republics” for 2012–2019. Results: it has been concluded that under the present consideration crossregional variability of ethnicity institutionalization in the identity policy of Russian&nbsp;“national republics” in actual fact is absent. The generally shared model of ethnicity&nbsp;institutionalization as fixed through the analysis of the congratulatory discourse&nbsp;in relation to the “days of the republics” is proposed to be outlined as the model&nbsp;of balanced ethnic diversity accentuation. However, within the formulated model,&nbsp;in the case of Buryatia, Yakutia, Tyva and Chuvashia, one can detect the variability&nbsp;of semantic arrangements with respect to ethnicity. Conclusion: ethnicity does matter in the context of the congratulatory discourse&nbsp;by the Russian republics leaders on a key regional holiday, although its discursive&nbsp;institutionalization does not manifest a large-scale variability in the cross-regional&nbsp;dimension.

SPATIAL-ELECTORAL ANALYSIS OF THE PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS OF 2019 IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

The results of the parliamentary elections of 2019 in the Republic of Moldova and the features of the structure of the state power vertical are analyzed. Using mathematical methods, the results of the parliamentary elections were also analyzed, the main determinants of the prevailing political processes, the key regions of the main political forces were determined, the general political landscape of the republic was clarified and investigated, its main laws were determined. The problematic issues of the political life and structure of the Republic of Moldova were examined. The features of the electoral legislation of the country are established. The properties of the main political parties of the republic are analyzed. Some features of the course of the national election process are highlighted. The features of the main political parties, their electoral field, ideological orientation, the history of formation and inter-party relations are considered. The factors of influence on the will of Moldovan voters are investigated. In addition, an effective number of parties has been established in the Moldovan parliament. The configurations of potential coalitions in the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova are analyzed. The ethnic component in the political life of the country is clarified. The role of the regional factor in the electoral process is emphasized. The spatial and electoral similarity of parties in the 2019 parliamentary elections was determined. The features of the functioning of the political system of the country are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the stability and capacity of possible coalitions and the success of potential coalition negotiations in general. The degree of regional homogeneity of the parties is clarified. The role of religion in the electoral process during the parliamentary elections of 2019 is determined. The results of mathematical calculations are analyzed and the results of the analysis are summed up.

Учет этнического компонента в обучении казахов на территории Оренбургского края в первой трети XX века

Учет этнического компонента в обучении казахов на территории Оренбургского края в первой трети XX века

International Migration of Population of Russia: Exchange of Population with the Post-USSR Countries

The article shows that until the collapse of the Soviet state, most of the territorial movements were internal migration processes for the USSR, which since 1991 began to transform into interstate migration between the former republics, now independent countries. The scale of these migrations was largely determined by the ethnic component, for Russia – by the migration of Russians, who settled in future Union republics long before the October Revolution. The article presents the change in the numbers of Russians in the former Union republics, starting in 1926, right up until the collapse of the united state. It is said that the outflow of Russians from the union republics began long before the collapse of the USSR, an impetus for the mass return of the Russian population to their historic homeland. This process, called re-emigration, differs fundamentally from the often used term «repatriation». The article shows the differences between these processes and analyzes the reasons for mass re-emigration of Russians, which took place in the 1990s, states that discrimination of nonindigenous people at both the normative and everyday level was one of the most important reasons for their re-emigration to their historic homeland. Immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union, a huge migration flow of Russians rushed out from all the newly formed states into Russia. This was largely due to the widespread violation of the rights of the non-indigenous, first of all, Russian population, who lived before the collapse of the USSR in these countries. In many of them, the title of nationality for them, their troubles and difficulties associated with the fact that their republics, being part of a single state, gave more than they received in return (they thought they were feeding Russia) and that without Russians they would live richly and freely. As a result, there was a violation of the rights of the Russian and other Russian-speaking population. It is concluded that the entire period under consideration, during which the nationality of migrants was taken into account, was a gradual reduction in the number of arriving population, including indicators of Russian nationality from the new independent states. In conclusion, an estimate is given of the approximate residual migration potential of the Russian population, which under certain conditions can replenish the population of Russia.

Markers of Ethnicity in the Regional Identity of Russia’s Republics

Introduction. The ethnic component is one of the most important foundations for regionalization of the political space and construction of the region. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that it should determine the possibilities and conditions for consolidation of territorial communities within certain identification systems. The purpose of the research is to identify the markers showing the presence of ethnicity in the identity of the republics of the Russian Federation as an indicator of correlation between the ethnic and regional identities. Materials and Methods. The study employed such sources of analysis as presentation materials and business cards of the republics of the Russian Federation, constitutions and regulations on regional symbols, language policies and programs managing interethnic relations as well as the development strategies of the republics. Discourse analysis and the method of in-depth expert interviews were also used. Results. The study has revealed the basic identifiers of a region that comprise ethnicity. It has proved that ethnicity can be considered a resource for development of a territory as a unique feature of the regional community. The resource of ethnicity is associated with the positioning based on the idea that the status of the republics as ethno-territorial units differs from the status of other regions and therefore is capable of bringing certain benefits. Discussion and Conclusion. The ethnic component is an important resource for positioning regional uniqueness of the community, including through cultivation of the idea of stability, diversity and peace in the republics. The identified markers can be used as indicators of the presence of ethnicity in the regional identity when conducting comparative studies. The practical effect is associated with the possibilities of using them when following the identity policy in the regions and that of harmonization of multiple identities.

The Buddhist Book Culture of the Average Person and Buryat Identity

This article examines the book culture of the Buryat Buddhists of the Southern Siberia. Based on social archaeographic studies, the article posits a link between local book culture and the stable identity of Buryat Buddhist. Defining Buryat Buddhist identity based on an analysis of different aspects of their worldview, cultural life, and historical past, this article reveals how Buddhist book culture and home life are the most important aspects in the formation of local identity. The analysis confirms that a radical change in the mechanism of the transfer of tradition, social changes, and the economic crisis led to the transformation of the vector of development in the traditional book culture of the Buryats, highlighting that the main priority is not the religious but the ethnic component.

ЭТНОКОНФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ ПРИНАДЛЕЖНОСТЬ КАВКАЗСКИХ АЛАН (ИНОЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ЧАСТЬ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОВ)

The paper argues that Muslim faith established itself in the Central Caucasus and, in particular, Ingushetia, earlier than it is generally assumed. The author provides an analysis of some data indicating the possibility of more extensive expansion of Islam among the Caucasian Alans, as well as their ethnic component on the basis of the autochthonous peoples of the North Caucasus. The researcher identifies the causes of Caucasian Alania’s greater confessional autonomy from the Byzantine Empire in comparison with some medieval Christian states.

On the service frontline: Israeli Arab-Palestinian men in a call-center

Intersectionality is applied to gender-occupation-minority inconsistent hierarchies, to as to explore the workplace-experience of Israeli Arab-Palestinian men service workers and unveil the multiple-geographies it contains. In-depth semi-structured interviews with 24 suchlike men emphasize complexity as the key feature of their intersectional experience. Whereas masculinity and Israeli-Palestinianess are forged against the feminine and Israeli-Jewishness Others, service work is de-feminized and restructured as a welcome modern development whose traditional Other is cherished. The disadvantages of their national-minority status are compensated by cross-national amity and routine occupational practices in the modern workplace, whereby some of their Othering markers are prized. The national difference appears as a multiple-discursive resource which mainly separates the ethnic component from the political one by which the effects of gender, modern work and class structure, weaken. Four geographies, periphery, home-work links, the sociability of the place of work and the MENA world-region are identified, suggesting that geography is integral to the intersectional experience.

Mardin'in Kaybolan Değerlerinden Yazmacılık

The identity of cities is being reshaped in line with the changing and developing science, industry and communication technologies. These changes and developments being experienced over the recent years have caused a lot of treasures that have significant artistic or historical importance either to be forgotten entirely (by being transformed) or to lose their functionality and be left behind time. Mardin which is one of the oldest cities of the region it is located in is a city that welcomes a wide range of religious and ethnic components, where different groups of ethnicities live together and where culture and art intertwined together. Assyrians living in Mardin have especially been successful at architecture and architectural ornaments and also at handicrafts such as jewellery. Another traditional form of art they have been good at on the other hand is block printing. The block printing is referred to as “hetmo” by the Assyrians. The phrase “block printing” is used to refer to printing made with an impress or figures drawn using a brush mostly on cotton fabrics. Abandoning the traditions rapidly and not attaching traditional arts the significance that they deserve play a great role in block printing which is a form of folk art from Anatolia losing its influence today. However, it is observed that the foundations of contemporary or modern arts rely and practice upon traditional arts. In this study, having discussed the art of block printing and introducing the last representative of Assyrian block printing; Miksiye Nasra Simmes Hindi, the significance of this culture in terms of traditional arts is pointed out. Field study, source person interviews and literature screening techniques are used within the scope of our methodology in this study. Assyrian art of block printing and its latest representative have been documented with the photographs of Miksiye Nasra Simmes Hindi who was the latest representative of the art of block printing which were taken back when she was alive and also with the photographs of her workshop taken after her death.

Muscovites and Newcomers: Strategies for Mutual Adaptation

The article considers particularities of the social mechanisms of mutual adaptation of Muscovites and newcomers based on a series of interviews and focus groups conducted in Moscow. The author maintains the view that integration of the urban population cannot be solved by administration; it is necessary to understand the self-organization mechanisms that can be used to develop policies aimed at improving social institutions. The article emphasizes that a system of checks and balances that equalizes interethnic and, more broadly, intercultural contradictions in Moscow should harmonize the tasks of maintaining the cultural certainty of the urban society created by Muscovites with the plurality of needs introduced by newcomers. It is concluded that in order to overcome the excessive cultural fragmentation of urban society, the commonly accepted means of integration policy, such as education, tolerance training, support of cultural diversity and intercultural collaboration, are not enough. In addition to policy facilitating population contacts and the spontaneous hybridization of people’s notions, it is necessary to develop a civic culture that is a common heritage, rather than a specific feature of individual communities. Such an attitude minimizes the influence of the ethnic and confessional components of urban life, but does not suppress the multiculturalism of the urban population. The contradictory combination of values of rootedness that make it possible for a person to be like everyone else and cultural distinctiveness that allows one to be oneself helps to support confidence in society and reduces the risk of conflict situations.