Ethnic Coexistence Research Articles

Istria Between Yugoslavia and Italy

This article deals with the position of young people and the role of communist youth organizations in Istria in the years after the World War II. During this period, Istrians were torn between Yugoslavia and Italy, and a diplomatic struggle for territory was being waged. It will briefly address some of the aspects of young Croats and Italians’ daily lives, their political mobilization within larger organizations, and the challenges they faced due to political and social processes occurring during this period. Some of these included upbringing and education, ethnic coexistence, young people’s involvement in reconstructing and building the country through work actions, echoes of the conflict between Yugoslavia and Cominform among young people in Istria, and Italian emigration from Istria. This article will try to answer some questions about how young people coped with these processes in Istria, a troubled border area in a turbulent time, using primarily archival records kept in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb and relevant literature.

Research on The Diversified Attributes and Inheritance of Grassland Silk Road Music from The Perspective of Cultural Self-confidence

Today's world is going through tremendous changes unseen in a century. Chinese culture is forming an unprecedented influence. The cultural confidence of the Chinese people has been formed. The prairie Silk Road culture is a part of Chinese culture and has rich and broad connotations. In the process of modernization, the grassland Silk Road culture integrated traditional and modern culture, showing the multicultural attributes of traditional and modern, local and ethnic coexistence, and formed a culture that advocates nature, practices openness, and abides by faith. The core concept is to build a unique grassland Silk Road cultural system. The grassland Silk Road culture plays an irreplaceable role in inheriting Chinese civilization, building a harmonious society, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. These are the most fundamental spiritual driving forces for developing and constructing the Silk Road and grassland area. The prairie Silk Road culture is an inseparable and essential part of Chinese civilization.

The Circumstance of Nation Coexistence in a Multiculturism Society A Field Study in Kurdistan Region

National coexistence is one of the important reasons for the development and political and social stability in societies with multiple cultures, based on coexistence, tolerance, and the preservation of the rights of nationalities in institutions for the progress of society. In the Kurdistan region, with the exception of Kurdish national, there are other nationalities such as Chaldeans, Assyrians, Turkmen, and Arabs, who have a long history of coexistence among themselves, but this topic must be developed and scrutinized in a certain way to mix culture, deepen life and accept each other’s differences. The main objective of this research consists of influences and changes (age, the educational level, and the economic level) on national coexistence in the Kurdistan Region, as well as the levels of national coexistence based on the governorates and understanding of nationalism and the multiple religions present in the Kurdistan Region. Through the result of this research, that the change in ages, elderly people have a deep understanding about national coexistence compared to other ages, as well as related to educational level and economic status according to the results obtained, there is no difference in the point of view towards ethnic coexistence together. On the other hand, the results obtained tell us that national coexistence is strong in the city of Erbil. This is how it is observed compared to other cities in the Kurdistan Region. In the view of the multiple nationalities in the Kurdistan Region about coexistence, there is no big difference between them because our society is a multicultural society, but this diversity of cultures is local only. At the level of neighborhoods, they have a difference and do not mix. The change in the different religious views of the subject of national coexistence was not observed. This issue, according to the views of the various religious participations, is observed correctly and acceptable. In this research, the triangulation method and the sequential analysis method, the mixed method, were used, were quality data support quantitative data analysis.

Orphans of the Empire: Lhasa’s Chinese Community from the Qing Era to the Early Twentieth Century

This article analyzes the transformation of Lhasa’s Chinese community from the embodiment of an expansionist power in the early eighteenth century to the orphan of a fallen regime after the Qing Empire’s demise in 1911. Throughout the imperial era, this remote Chinese enclave represented Qing authority in Tibet and remained under the metropole’s strong political and social influence. Its members intermarried with the locals and adopted many Tibetan cultural traits. During the years surrounding the 1911 Xinhai Revolution, this community played a significant role in a series of interconnected political and ethnic confrontations that gave birth to the two antagonistic national bodies of Tibet and China. The community’s history and experiences challenge not only the academic assessment that Tibet’s Chinese population had fully assimilated into Tibetan society by the twentieth century but also the widespread image of pre-1951 Lhasa as a harmonious town of peaceful ethnic coexistence.

Lady Aberdeen and the British origins of multiculturalism in Canada

Scholarly focus on British representatives in nineteenth-century Canada has often seen them as enforcers of a hegemonic English ethnic nationalism. This article challenges that view by showing that Lady Aberdeen, the wife of the seventh Governor General, and well known as an early feminist, was also a consistent advocate of a more pluralistic civic nationalism that supported minority religious, ethnic, and linguistic rights in Canada. It shows that her establishment of the Victorian Order of Nurses and Canada’s branch of the National Organisation of Women, along with many of her activities in partnership with her husband, were shaped by her beliefs about religious and ethnic co-existence as well as her feminism and anti-Americanism. In doing so it connects acceptance of diversity with longer-term trends in British governance: Lady Aberdeen’s approach to cultural and religious diversity within women’s organisations was an important precursor of official multiculturalism in Canada.

Selection of mother tongue on ethnic Osing family (Sociolinguistic and ethnographic communication studies)

The purpose of this study to describe the language selection mom used ethnic Osing Giri in the distric, the village of Penataban, Banyuwangi-East Java. The language used is the language communities in Banyuwangi Osing, Java, and Madura for the third ethnic coexistence. Womg Osing or Lare Osing is a native of Banyuwangi, Osing language is a direct descendant of the ancient Javanese language yet very different dialect. The method used is descriptive method of providing data refer capably involved (SLC), consider ably involved free (SBLC), and interview. The results showed that the choice of language on ethnic family Osing Indonesian in there is an influence in terms of education and employment. Indonesia introduced the use of language in children is the language used in everyday family. Such circumstances indicate that the Indonesian experience growth in public life, expecially in rural districts Penataban Giri, Banyuwangi

Spatial Forms of Ethnic Coexistence in Ottoman Cyprus: The Role of Urban Form in Patterns of Everyday Life

The rationale behind this article is an identified need for enhancing research on the relationship between the physical and the social aspects of the city of Nicosia through the lens of spatial history. Building on Baker’s categorizations of approaches to space in historical research and a syntactical, morphological approach to historical subjects, this article proposes an integrated methodology for researching historical space that may prove important to inform forms of urban segregation patterns. The article maintains that the analysis of the relationship between the physical, material form of a city and social processes at distinct historical periods may be key to understanding patterns of socio-spatial phenomena as well as for interpreting historical data of how people were distributed in cities and what they actually did in urban spaces at particular points in time.

A Historical Review on the Contextualization of "Peace Concept" for the Ethnic Conflict, Reconciliation and Coexistence of South Africa: Focusing on Ubuntu and Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

A Historical Review on the Contextualization of "Peace Concept" for the Ethnic Conflict, Reconciliation and Coexistence of South Africa: Focusing on Ubuntu and Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

Respacing for Peace? Resistance to Integration and the Ontopolitics of Rural Planning in Post‐War Burundi

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the politics and social impact of post‐war ‘respacing for peace’ strategies in Burundi from within a set of contested spatial arrangements — or rather, post‐war socio‐spatial experiments — including peace villages, IDP site clearances and land sharing. The author takes a critical look at these reconfigurations, and the resistances and manipulations that result when people (or their remains) are moved or placed in the name of coexistence, integration and sharing after the war. In this way, the article contributes to a post‐conflict planning literature that is mostly concerned with overcoming segregation and cleansing through integration, by exploring some of the complexities and problems that can arise with unquestioned embrace of the latter. It shows that a very particular and problematic logic of ethnic coexistence and physical integration drives post‐war respacing in Burundi and that people resist it with strategies in both physical and reflexive space. Proceeding through a set of paradoxes — such as the refusal to return and staying put, or re‐emigration as a response to settling — the article explores how and why respacing‐for‐peace might produce, or fail to prevent, the opposite outcome: community conflict, social tension and segregation.

“Io sono a scacchi”. L’identità ebraica nell’opera letteraria e teatrale di Janusz Korczak

This paper focuses on the problem of ethnic coexistence as presented in some of Korczak’s literary and dramatic works, from his earlier humorous short stories to the play The Senate of Madmen. Like many Polish writers, Korczak perceived literature as a space of freedom, but, unlike other Jews writing in Polish, he always stressed his Jewishness and his firm belief in an equal and double identity (Jewish and Polish). In his long literary career Korczak never practiced ethnic agnosticism: on the contrary, he brought the tradition of Ashkenazi humor and Yiddish literary topics (szmonces, schlemiel and nudnik, the shtetl) into Polish culture, converting these symbols of Jewish identity into universal cultural elements.

Social Unrest and Ethnic Coexistence in Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucid Empire

Social Unrest and Ethnic Coexistence in Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucid Empire

Ethnic struggle, coexistence, and democratization in Eastern Europe, by Sherrill Stroschein, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2012, 314 pp., $29.99 (paperback); and $109.99 (cloth), ISBN 9781107656949

Sherrill Stroschein's Ethnic Struggle, Coexistence, and Democratization in Eastern Europe is the most significant comparative work on peaceful minority mobilization in post-Communist Europe to be p...

THE INDIGENOUS RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN AFRICA: PERSPECTIVES FROM BOTSWANA AND CAMEROON

This article outlines the different trajectories of the indigenous rights movement in Africa, and discusses the factors that have contributed to its success or decline. Two case studies are compared; namely, the case of the San people of Botswana in Southern Africa, and the case of the Mbororo people of Cameroon in West Africa. On a general level, this article argues that the indigenous rights movement in different parts of Africa has gone through various phases, from expectation and success to disillusionment and pragmatism. Moreover, it demon- strates that the San and Mbororo communities and other groups not only rely on the global indigenous rights movement, but have also adopted alternative and complementary strategies to deal with the unforeseen consequences of this movement. Finally, we argue that our case studies attest to the enduring relevance of the nation-state and the ideal of ethnic coexistence in Africa.

Ethnic Coexistence in Deeply Divided Societies: The Case of Arab Athletes in the Hebrew Media

This article examines the various elements affecting reconciliation and coexistence in deeply divided societies through the case of Arab soccer players in the Israeli media. We analyze the discourse surrounding the concept du-kium (coexistence) in the Israeli media between the years 2002 and 2008. Our findings reveal that Jewish journalists and public figures interpret coexistence as Arab citizens' complete acceptance of the Jewish perspective and narrative. Arab soccer players are expected to underplay their Palestinian identity, master Hebrew, and identify with the Jewish narrative and views. We contrast the Israeli case with two other cases of prolonged conflict—Rwanda and Bosnia-Herzegovina. The study highlights that cognitive perceptions and schemes may hinder genuine reconciliation even when various groups reject overt racism and profess candid desire for coexistence.

Sustaining the peace after ethnic civil wars

We explore factors that influence the duration of peace after an ethnic civil war. Results from a series of survival models indicate that political and economic discrimination against the ethnic group that was involved in the war on the opposition side diminishes chances for peace. This finding is robust across different model specifications. Group size, group concentration, war duration and war outcome also influence the risk of war recurrence, although these results are not as robust as those for ethnic discrimination. The intensity of the war and its humanitarian consequences—deaths, displacement, and genocide—do not seem significantly to influence the duration of post-war peace. Taken together, our findings show that the way ethnic groups interact with each other after a war is a more important factor than the level of violence during the war. Peace and ethnic co-existence are possible in the aftermath of ethnic conflicts.

Imagined Commonalities: The Invention of a Late Ottoman “Tradition” of Coexistence by Cross‐Media Project: A Balkan Tale. ChristinaKoulouri, team leader. Goethe Institute, 2012. Photograph exhibit and catalog, plus documentary film The Silent Balkans: A Hundred Years since the Balkan Wars (Andreas Apostolidis, dir.).

ABSTRACTThe “Balkan Tale” project includes an exhibit of photographs of Ottoman‐era buildings, texts by historians from the region, and a documentary film on the Balkan wars of 1912–13. Installations include a “soundwalk” and an experience of Ottoman perfumes. Materials are available in English, Albanian, Greek, German, Serbian, Macedonian, and Turkish. The project premises that various peoples of the region lived peacefully together before the creation of nation‐states and promotes a common history based on religious and ethnic coexistence. Yet such a proposition is as much an invention of a putative tradition as any nationalist history, ignoring relevant scholarship on the complexities of parallel and at times conflicting existences during Ottoman rule. The presentation echoes trendy anthropological theories on the fluidity of borders but neglects, or rejects, dominant concepts held by peoples in the region about themselves and each other, as well as scholarship that posits alternative conceptualizations of putative Ottoman proto‐multiculturalism.

Ethnicity and Economic Development in Central and Eastern Europe

Ethnicity and economic development have a strict connection in the history of Central-Eastern Europe. This essay aims to sketch some general lines of this complex relationship, focusing on the importance that culture and ethnical belonging had for the economic development of certain European regions. Inside the great multinazional Empires of Central-Eastern Europe, as a matter of fact, the inter-ethnic problems had always showed also an economic impact and had been largely conditioned by the distinction between dominant groups and dominated minorities. This situation was dangerously manifest at the end of the First World War, when the definition of a new geopolitical balance and the consolidation of the National States tried to erase this historical legacy creating many problems for the economic stability and the ethnic coexistence. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n1p155

“God gave this land to us”: A Biblical Perspective on the Tension in South Sudan between Tribal Lands, Ethnic Identity and the Breadth of Christian Salvation

AbstractLike many parts of Africa, South Sudan has experienced ethnic animosities which have led to violent clashes, destruction of property, and loss of life. Many of these conflicts are over land and resources and are rooted in a spiritual attachment to traditional tribal lands which are seen as gifts of God to both steward and protect.In dialogue with an African theology of place, this paper seeks to propose biblical foundations for ethnic coexistence, as seen in Acts 17:22–31, and to examine how Paul’s Athenian sermon balances the ethnic particularities of land and tribe with the universal call to Christian salvation. Drawing on twenty interviews with South Sudanese nationals, this paper uses an integrated research method, accessing theological, biblical, and sociological perspectives to ask whether Acts 17 might suggest an approach to issues of land and tribalism in South Sudan.

EU Conditionality and Ethnic Coexistence in the Balkans: Macedonia and Bosnia in a Comparative Perspective

In this article, the practice and theory of conditionality as it has applied to Bosnia and Macedonia is explored. The goals are twofold: first, to analyse how the EU uses conditionality to bring about favourable changes in the relationship between ethnic groups; second, to shed light on why the effectiveness of conditionality has been so variable between each context. The author argues that whereas the EU's main focus in previous eastward enlargements was on the production of normative policy outcomes, its primary focus in Bosnia and Macedonia has been to generate normative procedures. In addition, attention is drawn to the transformation of ethnic preferences that has occurred in Macedonia and the hardening of ethnic preferences that has occurred in Bosnia in the course of accession politics. These divergent outcomes are explained on the basis of several factors: power-shifts, framing strategies, reform parties and external agents.

Explaining inter-ethnic harmony in Enugu city, South-eastern Nigeria, 1970–2003

Ethnicity is a prominent feature in Nigeria’s socio-economic environment and is fervently exhibited within the context of the ‘indigene-settler dichotomy’. As this encourages exclusivism, it has been a major factor responsible for violent conflicts across the country. While many urban spaces in the country have witnessed such conflicts, a few have not. This study examines the indigene-settler inter-relations in Enugu to determine why and how the city sustained ethnic coexistence, cooperation and harmony since the end of the civil war (1967– 1970). It demonstrates how, while ethnic attachment appeared to be strong, and while conflicts and occasional tensions did occur in the city, inter-ethnic relationships were cordial and symbiotic. It further identifies and interrogates cogent factors responsible for this trend. The paper argues that the constructive management of ethnic conflicts, as demonstrated in the city, could be efficient and productive. Despite optimism in Enugu’s peaceful condition, however, it concludes that potential complications could emanate, as the factors responsible for Enugu’s condition are amenable to change. Both primary and secondary sources (eighty-six in-person interviews, twelve focus group discussions, archival and secondary materials) were used within a multi-disciplinary framework.