Ethical Governance Research Articles

Advancing Disaster Resilience: The Ethical Dimensions of Adaptability and Adaptive Leadership in Public Service Organizations

Organizations are perpetually challenged to adapt and evolve in the increasingly complex and unpredictable public service landscape. Using two international case studies from Australia and New Zealand, this research examines the critical role of adaptive leadership in fostering resilience within public service entities, focusing on the integral role of ethics in disaster response. The research is grounded in the theory of adaptive leadership, which posits that contemporary organizational challenges require leadership to encourage adaptation and learning. The study explores how adaptive leadership, intertwined with ethical practices, contributes to creating resilient public service organizations capable of withstanding and evolving through crises, constant changes, and adversities. Through a detailed examination of the case studies affecting the general public and ethical considerations, the research unravels the intricacies of public administrators’ ethical dilemmas, concluding with reflections on the implications for public service ethics, integrity, and public trust. The study not only elucidates the symbiotic relationship between adaptive leadership and ethics in fostering organizational resilience but also charts a course for future policy formulation and leadership training programs, underscoring the indispensable role of ethical governance in navigating crises.

Digital Sustainable Growth Model (DSGM): Achieving Synergy Between Economy and Technology to Mitigate AGI Risks and Address Global Debt Challenges

The emergence of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) as Artificial Humanity (AH) marks a crucial turning point in human history, influencing both the digital economy and sustainable development. AGI has the potential to either drive unprecedented progress or threaten sustainability. This perspective study critiques existing capitalist systems and proposes a shift towards sustainable digital strategies to address the uncertain future role of AGI. It aims to encourage further research and collaboration for a smooth transition to a society that integrates AGI, highlighting AGI's potential to contribute to sustainable development. The study employs a multi-step methodology, including interviews with AI models such as ChatGPT-4 and Gemini, validation of insights, and comparisons with expert reports. It introduces the Digital Sustainable Growth Model (DSGM) as a framework for harmonizing humanity with AH, providing new opportunities for growth and ethical governance. The DSGM addresses both human vulnerabilities and AH’s potential. Additionally, the study highlights the BankRabbna application as an innovative digital tool, intended to be the first of its kind—a global company primarily owned by people worldwide. Its main function is to automate AI regulation, ensuring AGI safety while also tackling global debt.

Addressing the consequences of the corporatization of reproductive medicine.

In Australia and the UK, commercialization and corporatization of assisted reproductive technologies have created a marketplace of clinics, products, and services. While this has arguably increased choice for patients, 'choice', shaped by commercial imperatives may not mean better-quality care. At present, regulation of clinics (including clinic-corporations) and clinicians focuses on the doctor-patient dyad and the clinic-consumer dyad. Scant attention has been paid to the conflicts between the clinic-corporation's duty to its shareholders and investors, the medical profession's duty to the corporations within which they practice, and the obligations of both clinicians and corporations to patients and to health systems. Frameworks of regulation based in corporate governance and business ethics, such as stakeholder models and 'corporate social responsibility', have well-recognized limits and may not translate well into healthcare settings. This means that existing governance frameworks may not meet the needs of patients or health systems. We argue for the development of novel regulatory approaches that more explicitly characterize the obligations that both corporations and clinicians in corporate environments have to patients and to society, and that promote fulfilment of these obligations. We consider mechanisms for application in the multi-jurisdictional setting of Australia, and the single jurisdictional settings of the UK.

The human health burden of climate change: Non-economic losses and ethical considerations towards achieving planetary health

Climate change presents an urgent and growing threat to the health and well-being of people and the planet. More frequent and intense heatwaves, droughts and floods are breaching critical ecosystem boundaries, causing cascading impacts that are increasingly complex to govern. Unsustainable development pathways and economic choices that are fueling the climate crisis are also directly engendering global health issues. Furthermore, the global response to climate change has been uneven and the lack of a conceptual framework for loss and damage has allowed developed countries the latitude to adopt differing takes on its framing, undermining the urgency and progression of the loss and damage mechanism to the detriment of developing countries. Current research on the governance of climate ethics posits that while economic and legal considerations largely influence climate policies, decision-making processes in climate adjacent sectors such as health need to be further grounded on ethically sound principles. Framing the health impacts of climate change as a moral issue can therefore be viewed as an effort to reshape the current political discourse with a humanistic lens and move the international community and state-level actors to action. The framing of this issue is particularly important as it recenters the focus on human health as an imperative for effective climate policies rather than as a contributor to the cache of peripheral co-benefits. It also underscores climate change as an ethical issue, in which failure to respond to the climate impacts can worsen health inequities, especially for socially and economically marginalized communities and vulnerable groups.

Computational urban science needs to go beyond computational

In this paper, I advocate for a radical expansion of computational urban science to encompass a multidisciplinary, human-centered approach, addressing the inadequacies of traditional methodologies in capturing the complexities of urban life. Building on insights from Jane M. Jacobs and others, I argue that integrating computational tools with disciplines like sociology, anthropology, and urban planning can significantly enhance our understanding and management of urban environments. This integration facilitates a deeper analysis of cultural phenomena, improves urban policy design, and promotes more sustainable, inclusive urban development. By embracing qualitative research methods—such as ethnography and participatory observations—alongside computational analysis, I highlight the importance of capturing the nuanced social fabrics and subjective experiences that define urban areas. I also stress the necessity of including community stakeholders in the research process to ensure that urban science not only analyzes but also improves the lived experiences of urban populations. Furthermore, I underscore the need for ethical governance and the mitigation of biases inherent in computational tools, proposing rigorous model auditing and the inclusion of diverse perspectives in model development. Overall, this work champions a holistic approach to urban science, aiming to make cities smarter, more equitable, and responsive to their residents’ needs.

Pemahaman Hadis Al-Ghazali Tentang Menasihati Pemimpin: Studi Kasus Pejabat Negara di Indonesia

This research examines Al-Ghazali's understanding of advising leaders and its relevance to the context of leadership in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study method, data was gathered through documentation of Al-Ghazali's works, case studies of corruption and ethical violations among Indonesian state officials, and in-depth interviews with experts in Islamic leadership, academics, and legal practitioners. The findings indicate that Al-Ghazali's teachings on character, integrity, and morality in leadership are highly relevant to addressing leadership challenges in Indonesia, such as corruption and abuse of power. Ulama (Islamic scholars) play a crucial role in advising leaders to enhance leadership quality and governance. This research also contributes theoretically to the study of Islamic leadership ethics, demonstrating that ethical principles derived from hadiths can develop an ethical and effective governance model in diverse cultural contexts. By implementing Al-Ghazali's leadership principles, it is hoped that more just, transparent, and people-oriented leadership can be established in Indonesia.

Harnessing technology for infectious disease response in conflict zones: Challenges, innovations, and policy implications.

Epidemic outbreaks of infectious diseases in conflict zones are complex threats to public health and humanitarian activities that require creativity approaches of reducing their damage. This narrative review focuses on the technology intersection with infectious disease response in conflict zones, and complexity of healthcare infrastructure, population displacement, and security risks. This narrative review explores how conflict-related destruction is harmful towards healthcare systems and the impediments to disease surveillance and response activities. In this regards, the review also considered the contributions of technological innovations, such as the improvement of epidemiological surveillance, mobile health (mHealth) technologies, genomic sequencing, and surveillance technologies, in strengthening infectious disease management in conflict settings. Ethical issues related to data privacy, security and fairness are also covered. By advisement on policy that focuses on investment in surveillance systems, diagnostic capacity, capacity building, collaboration, and even ethical governance, stakeholders can leverage technology to enhance the response to infectious disease in conflict settings and, thus, protect the global health security. This review is full of information for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners who are dealing with the issues of infectious disease outbreaks in conflicts worn areas.

He Jiankui’s unprecedented offense and worrying comeback: how the CRISPR-babies scandal reshaped the legal governance of scientific research in China

ABSTRACT Scientific scandals are catalysts for the evolution process of legal governance. The 2018 CRISPR-babies Incident has essentially triggered China's legal reforms of ethics governance in science and technology. This paper explores the institutional deficiency that led to such a scandal, analyzes its long-term implications for legal governance, and presents China's recent legal progress in response to such an issue. The rapid legislative response to the CRISPR-babies Incident is a double-edged sword, while promoting the improvement of the legal system, it can also cause issues like fragmentation of governance, contradictory rules, and conflict of interest. China should integrate departmental norms and upgrade its level of effectiveness. Strengthening legislation is the implementation path, and improving ethical review, supervision and scientific research integrity systems are the crucial means. In addition, it is necessary to bring the coordinating function of the Central Science and Technology Commission into full play and pay more attention to public engagement and international cooperation.

Supply‐side climate policy: A new frontier in climate governance

AbstractFrom the margins of climate governance, supply‐side policies that seek to restrict the production of climate‐heating fossil fuels and keep sizeable quantities of remaining reserves in the ground are gaining greater prominence. From national‐level production bans and phase‐out policies to divestment campaigns and the creation of “climate clubs,” such as the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (BOGA), an increasing number of such policies are being adopted by national and state governments, cities and financial actors around the world. This marked shift in climate governance reflects a growing recognition that the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement cannot be achieved without enhanced efforts to leave large swathes of remaining fossil fuel reserves in the ground and actively phase‐out existing fossil fuels infrastructures. Unsurprisingly, there has been increasing scholarly attention to different dimensions of supply‐side policy: from identifying the nature and scale of the “production gap” (between planned fossil fuel production and that which is compatible with climate goals), to initial attempts to map and explain the adoption of supply‐side policies across different regions and sectors, as well as forward‐looking analysis of possible pathways to multilateral supply‐side agreements. This article surveys this academic and policy landscape to review what we currently know about supply‐side policies: how, when, why and by whom they are adopted, how significant they are, and the ways in which national and regional measures might be supported multilaterally.This article is categorized under: Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice

Forecast of Corruption: From Ethical to Pragmatic Considerations

From an ethical standpoint, combating corruption is crucial for promoting justice and equality. The rule of law and ethical governance involves clear standards of behavior for public servants and mechanisms for ensuring these standards are upheld. Corruption undermines public trust in government and democratic institutions and exacerbates social inequality and injustice (disproportionately affects the poor and marginalized groups, denying them access to essential services and opportunities). The fight against corruption during a full-scale war has ethical and purely pragmatic implications for Ukraine, the data of which formed the basis of this study. The lack of tangible progress in the fight against corruption in general, the lack of transparency of many institutional mechanisms in public administration, the revealed corruption schemes in the distribution of international military and humanitarian aid, as well as in the field of public defence procurement, the lack of punishment for corrupt officials in the highest echelons of power threaten the loyalty of international donors and allies, reduce Ukraine’s authority in the international arena, slows down Ukraine’s movement towards the EU, and significantly affects the decisions of foreign partners. The article demonstrates the results of forecasting the future level of corruption in Ukraine (for 2024‒2027) based on the retrospective dynamics of the Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International for 1998‒2023. Two economic and mathematical models are used for forecasting: Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), which better reflects long-term historical trends and fluctuations, and the exponential smoothing method, which is more sensitive to the latest values of the time series. The statistical analysis package STATISTICA was used for the calculations. The forecasting results are disappointing since both methods showed an expected decrease in the level of corruption in 2024-2027, but in critically low volumes: by 1 point according to the ARIMA model and by 3-4 points according to the exponential smoothing method. The results of this study can serve as a basis for public advocacy campaigns as an argument for the need to radically revise the existing format of anti-corruption policy in Ukraine given its European future.

Diverse sources of normativity in open science and their implications for ethical governance.

Over the past decade, open science (OS) has emerged as a global science policy and research initiative with implications for most aspects of research, including planning, funding, publishing, evaluation, data sharing and access. As OS has gained increasing prominence, it has also faced substantial criticism. Whether it is the worries about the equality of access associated with open-access publishing or the more recent allegations of OS benefitting those who act in the private interest without giving back to OS, there are, indeed, many potential as well as actual harms that can be linked to the practice of OS. These criticisms often revolve around ethical challenges and fairness concerns, prompting the question of whether a comprehensive ethical governance framework is needed for OS. This commentary contends that owing to the heterogeneous nature of the normative foundations of OS and the inherent diversity within scientific practices, a pluralistic and deliberative approach to governance is needed.

From home to boardroom: Marital status and its influence on ESG disclosure

AbstractThis research article investigates the relationship between the marital status of board members and organizations' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure, with Jordan as the study context. The investigation, grounded in established governance theories, primarily agency theory, stewardship theory, and social identity theory, adds a novel dimension to the discourse on corporate governance perspective. The study sample included 81 nonfinancial companies listed on the Amman stoke exchange from 2012 to 2021. The findings disclose a pronounced positive relationship between married board members and ESG disclosure separately and collectively, pointing to a normative commitment emanating from their personal lives that extends into their roles as corporate stewards, influencing corporate sustainability, and ethical governance. Conversely, the results did not indicate a relationship between single board members and ESG disclosure. The study underscores the importance of considering the personal attributes of board members in shaping corporate governance and ESG practices. Also, it encourages a broader perspective on how diverse personal backgrounds can enhance sustainability and ethical values within organizations by advocating for boards that reflect diverse marital statuses and a commitment to family values, benefitting not only shareholders but also society at large.

Ethical and Legal Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Systems in Law Enforcement with a Study of Potential Human Rights Violations in Indonesia

This research examines the ethical and legal implications of deploying Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in law enforcement, with a particular focus on potential human rights violations in Indonesia. Utilizing a normative analysis approach, the study evaluates existing ethical frameworks, legal principles, and human rights standards to assess the governance and implications of AI-driven policing. Key findings indicate significant ethical concerns, including bias, discrimination, lack of transparency, and privacy violations. The legal analysis reveals gaps in Indonesia’s regulatory framework, highlighting the need for specific legislation to address AI’s complexities. Human rights implications, such as threats to privacy, freedom of expression, and equality, are critically analyzed. Comparative case studies from other jurisdictions provide empirical insights and underscore the importance of robust ethical and legal frameworks. The research proposes several recommendations, including the establishment of clear ethical guidelines, strengthening legal frameworks, enhancing transparency and accountability, promoting public engagement, and conducting regular impact assessments to ensure responsible AI governance in law enforcement. This study aims to contribute to the development of ethical AI governance frameworks and inform policy recommendations for responsible AI deployment in law enforcement practices.

From bard to Gemini: An investigative exploration journey through Google’s evolution in conversational AI and generative AI

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed various aspects of human life, particularly in information retrieval and assistance. This research presents a comprehensive evaluation of Gemini, previously known as Google Bard, a state-of-the-art AI chatbot developed by Google. Through a meticulous methodology encompassing both qualitative and quantitative approaches, this research aims to assess Gemini’s performance, usability, integration capabilities, ethical implications. Primary data collection methods, including user surveys and interviews, were utilized to gather towards the qualitative feedback on user experiences with Gemini, supplemented by secondary data analysis using tools such as Google Analytics to capture quantitative metrics. Performance evaluation involved benchmarking against other AI chatbots and technical analysis of Gemini’s architecture and training methods. User experience testing examined usability, engagement, and integration with Google Workspace and third-party services. Ethical considerations regarding data privacy, security, and biases in AI-generated content were also addressed, ensuring compliance with major regulations and promoting ethical AI practices. Acknowledging limitations and challenges inherent in the investigative exploration, data analysis was conducted using thematic and statistical methods to derive insights. The results and findings of this research offer valuable insights into the capabilities and limitations of Gemini, providing implications for future AI development, user interaction design, and ethical AI governance. By contributing to the ongoing discourse on AI advancements and their societal impact, this exploration facilitates informed decision-making and lays the groundwork for future research endeavors in the field of AI-driven conversational agents.

Mapping the landscape of ethical considerations in explainable AI research

With its potential to contribute to the ethical governance of AI, eXplainable AI (XAI) research frequently asserts its relevance to ethical considerations. Yet, the substantiation of these claims with rigorous ethical analysis and reflection remains largely unexamined. This contribution endeavors to scrutinize the relationship between XAI and ethical considerations. By systematically reviewing research papers mentioning ethical terms in XAI frameworks and tools, we investigate the extent and depth of ethical discussions in scholarly research. We observe a limited and often superficial engagement with ethical theories, with a tendency to acknowledge the importance of ethics, yet treating it as a monolithic and not contextualized concept. Our findings suggest a pressing need for a more nuanced and comprehensive integration of ethics in XAI research and practice. To support this, we propose to critically reconsider transparency and explainability in regards to ethical considerations during XAI systems design while accounting for ethical complexity in practice. As future research directions, we point to the promotion of interdisciplinary collaborations and education, also for underrepresented ethical perspectives. Such ethical grounding can guide the design of ethically robust XAI systems, aligning technical advancements with ethical considerations.

Application Of Business Ethics and Good Corporate Governance To Company Financial Performance

This research aims to assess the relationship between the implementation of business ethics, Good Corporate Governance (GCG) practices, the role of the board of directors, and managerial accounting practices on company financial performance. Through a comprehensive literature analysis, evaluating empirical evidence from a number of relevant studies in this theme. The findings show that implementing strong business ethics can increase shareholder and creditor trust, which in turn has a positive impact on a company's financial performance. Furthermore, effective GCG practices, including transparency, accountability and independence of the board of directors, have been proven to have a significant impact on improving a company's financial performance. The role of the board of directors as a supervisor and strategic advisor also has an important role in ensuring compliance with ethical standards and GCG principles. On the other hand, thorough managerial accounting practices can help management make better decisions, which ultimately improves the company's financial performance. Therefore, uniting business ethics, GCG, the role of the board of directors, and managerial accounting is the main key in improving the company's overall financial performance. Keywords: Business Ethics, Good Corporate Governance, Board of Directors, Financial Performance.

Ethical Decision-Making in Educational Leadership: Insights from Islamic Scholars

Ethical decision-making in educational leadership is a critical aspect of ensuring effective governance and fostering a positive school climate. Insights drawn from Islamic scholars provide valuable perspectives on moral principles that guide leaders in educational settings. This study explores the ethical considerations and decision-making processes influenced by Islamic teachings among educational leaders. This research aims to investigate how Islamic scholars' insights inform ethical decision-making practices in educational leadership. It seeks to analyze the ethical frameworks advocated by Islamic teachings and their application in contemporary educational contexts. This study employs a literature review approach to examine scholarly articles, books, and Islamic texts that discuss ethical principles relevant to educational leadership. The research focuses on synthesizing and analyzing existing literature to identify key themes, principles, and practices advocated by Islamic scholars in guiding ethical decision-making among school leaders. The findings highlight that Islamic scholars emphasize principles such as justice (adl), compassion (rahma), honesty (sidq), and accountability (mas'uliyyah) as foundational to ethical leadership in education. Ethical decision-making processes are guided by Islamic teachings that prioritize the well-being of stakeholders, fairness in decision outcomes, and adherence to ethical norms. Insights from Islamic scholars offer nuanced perspectives that enrich contemporary discussions on ethical leadership and governance in educational settings

Ethics Redefined: A Comparative Study on Women on Boards vs. Attributes of Corporate Governance in the Light of Firm Performance

This study is related to Corporate Governance (CG) and is an important research stream. One of the most noteworthy dimensions of CG is Board Gender Diversity (BGD). While there is a lot of study being done on BGD in developing and emerging market economies is still in the early stages of this field. This study attempts to answer the seminal question, of what matters most for Firm Performance (FP), CG attributes, or just BGD). So, this study investigates the relationship between BGD and CG attributes, on the FP. The existing literature lacks a comprehensive analysis of BGD and CG attributes on FP so this study fills this research gap. To meet the study's objective, data is collected for 50 non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange, the data period is 2017-2022 which leads to a total of 300 firm-year observations. For data analysis, the technique of panel regression is used in this study. This study reveals that CG attributes employ mixed influence on FP, while BGD negatively impacts the FP, emphasizing the significance of border governance mechanisms. This research shows the need for the firm to prioritize more ethical governance practices, across different cultural and economic contexts instead of just diluting the board with more female directors. Exploring the role of other variables could provide deeper insights into the factors deriving these relationships.

Exploring Social Responsibility in Sports Management: A Comprehensive Literature Review

This study examines the integration of social responsibility within sports management, highlighting its unique challenges compared to traditional corporations. Through a systematic literature review of 51 studies from 1993 to 2021, this paper identifies key challenges and opportunities in promoting Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in sports. The analysis reveals diverse theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches, with stakeholder theory being most prominent. Findings emphasize the need for theoretical coherence and highlight three primary clusters of CSR in sports: societal impacts, ethical governance, and diversity inclusion. The review underscores the influential role of athletes and the complexities of addressing corruption and racism in sports management. It identifies the influence of celebrity status, stakeholder engagement, and the integration of sustainable practices as crucial factors in promoting positive societal change. It also addresses the complexities of ethical behavior, cultural diversity, and stakeholder management in sports. This study contributes to the discourse on sports management by offering insights into the multifaceted challenges and opportunities inherent in promoting sustainability and ethical conduct in the sports industry.

Challenges and Cracks: Ethical Issues in the Development of Artificial Intelligence

In June 2023, the Nishan Dialogue on Digital Civilisation of the World Internet Conference was held in China. At this conference, China proposed for the first time, in the era of artificial intelligence (AI), to build a digital world of exchange, mutual appreciation and tolerance, hoping to gather the wisdom of the internet community and seek the governance of digital civilisation. In recent years, with the rapid development and wide recognition of AI technology, how to solve the AI ethical issues generally faced by the international community has become the focus of attention. By analysing the current status of AI ethics and governance in the United States and the European Union, and comparing it with China’s development in recent years, this article further advances the exploration of Chinese solutions to the global ethical governance of AI. On this basis, it responds positively to the call of the United Nations and international organisations to explore solutions to the four main realities of: (a) phenomenon of alienation of labour competition brought about by AI technology; (b) infringement of the subject’s personal privacy and impact on the ethics of responsibility for awareness and undermining of social fairness; (c) justice to seek a path of avoidance for collaborative governance from government supervision, public constraints, technology; and (d) sound mechanisms, which can actively promote global AI ethics.