Ethical Decision Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES REGARDING BIOETHICS AMONG STUDENTS IN DENTAL INSTITUTES OF PUNJAB

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding bioethics among students enrolled in dental institutes across Punjab, India. A sample size of 202 students, including those exposed to clinical settings, participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to assess participants understanding of bioethical principles, their attitudes towards ethical dilemmas commonly encountered in dental practice, and their adherence to ethical standards in clinical settings. The findings revealed varying levels of knowledge among students, with notable disparities in understanding specific bioethical principles. Attitudinal responses highlighted a generally positive disposition towards ethical decision-making, although some students demonstrated uncertainty in navigating complex ethical scenarios. Furthermore, the study uncovered variations in the implementation of ethical practices among students in clinical settings. These findings underscore the importance of integrating comprehensive bioethics education within dental curricula to foster ethical awareness, enhance moral reasoning skills, and promote ethical conduct among future dental practitioners. Addressing these gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices is crucial for the cultivation of a morally conscious dental workforce capable of upholding the highest ethical standards in patient care and professional conduct.

The interplay between ethics, justice, corporate social responsibility, and performance management sustainability.

In the increasingly volatile 21st century globalized and interconnected business landscape, organizations face increasing scrutiny concerning their ethical behavior, social responsibilities, and overall performance. This paper looks at some of the factors that link the notions of ethics, justice, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), with an eye to their theoretical underpinnings and complexities and their relationship to the efficient and sustainable operation of Sustainable Performance Management (with special emphasis on CSR). Drawing on theoretical foundations and empirical evidence, we provide practical recommendations for organizations to promote ethics, justice, CSR, and effective and sustainable performance management. Suggestions include fostering ethical leadership by modeling ethical behavior and promoting ethical decision-making. We believe that the suggested practical measures may bridge the gap between academic perspectives and the practical realities of ensuring favorable, sustainable, work climates and work processes.

Ethical Decision Making and Sustainable Development in Green Washing

The pursuit of sustainability has become a pillar of corporate responsibility in the quickly changing business environment of today. But despite the admirable attempts to embrace eco-friendly behaviors, a disturbing occurrence called "greenwashing" endures. The false representation of a company's environmental activities as more environmentally friendly than they actually are is known as "greenwashing." In this piece, we explore the vital nexus between sustainable development, moral decision-making, and the widespread problem of greenwashing. The foundation of corporate conduct is ethical decision-making, which is based on principles like accountability, respect, justice, and reliability. This paradigm gives company owners the ability to tackle problems fairly and with concern for all parties involved, carefully assessing theiroptions to make moral decisions. In addition to fostering trust, fostering an ethical culture makes ensuring that business

Nurses' ethical responsibilities: Whistleblowing and advocacy in patient safety.

In the dynamic landscape of healthcare, nurses play a crucial role as ethical stewards, responsible for whistleblowing, nurse advocacy, and patient safety. Their duties involve ensuring patient well-being through ethical practices and advocacy initiatives. This study investigates the ethical responsibilities of nurses regarding whistleblowing and advocacy in reporting concerns about patient safety. A cross-sectional study utilized cluster and simple random sampling to gather a representative sample of actively practicing registered nurses. Data collection involved a demographic form, Nurse Whistleblowing Intentions Scale, Nursing Advocacy Scale, and Clinical Decision-Making Scale. The study utilizing a robust sample size determination formula for reliable findings included 96 diverse nurses, predominantly females. Engaged actively in direct patient care across various outpatients clinics. The recruitment process specifically sought individuals with expertise in safety protocols and reporting, contributing to a nuanced understanding of the study's focus. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the university and the hospitals involved. Written consent was obtained from the participants. A thorough ethical review was conducted to guarantee participant protection and adherence to ethical principles. Surveyed nurses demonstrated positive whistleblowing (Overall Mean Score: 3.58), high advocacy (Overall Mean Score: 12.2), and nuanced ethical decision-making for patient safety (Overall Mean Score: 15.78). Demographic factors, such as nationality and ethical training, significantly impacted whistleblowing intentions, while age, gender, and ethical training correlated with nursing advocacy behavior. Associations with experience and qualification emerged in ethical decision-making. The gained insights foster targeted interventions, improving ethical practices, advocacy, and informed decision-making in nursing. This study explores the intricate link between demographics and ethical considerations among surveyed nurses, acting as a catalyst for ongoing initiatives to strengthen the ethical foundation in healthcare sector.

Next-generation leadership for sustainability and avoidance of closure in private Madaris in Bangsamoro autonomous region in Muslim Mindanao

This study comprehensively analyzes the Madrasah educational landscape, examining demographic profiles, leadership practices, sustainability commitment, contributions, and challenges and opportunities within these institutions. The research reveals a diverse and dynamic scenario influenced by varied factors. The Demographic Profile illustrates a versatile distribution across designations, education levels, gender, service years, and student enrollment, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of Madrasah roles. School Directors predominate, underscoring the need for adaptable leadership. Educational Attainment shows a rich academic environment with a prevalence of Bachelor's Degrees and variability from higher qualifications, contributing to a nuanced educational setting. Gender Distribution demonstrates near-equal representation, reflecting a commitment to inclusivity and gender balance within Madrasahs. Years in Service identifies a prevalent service duration of "11-20 Years," indicating an experienced workforce. Several student analyses highlight the variability in student populations, with a mean count of 5, signifying diverse institution sizes. Leadership Practices emphasize next-generation qualities like Islamic values, bilingual proficiency, and ethical decision-making. Consensus on visionary, adaptable, inclusive, and ethically grounded leadership underscores their significance. Sustainability and Institutional Viability reveal a varied commitment, urging increased dedication. Contributions to sustainability show diverse effectiveness levels. Challenges include financial struggles, resource inadequacy, enrollment fluctuations, and socio-cultural factors. Opportunities encompass continuous learning, financial support, collaboration, and addressing enrollment challenges. The study stresses the need for effective leadership, financial stability, and collaboration, urging a comprehensive approach to sustainable Madrasah education. Findings form a robust foundation for future research and interventions, guiding enhancements in sustainability, overcoming challenges, and fostering continuous improvement.

Corporate Green Washing and its Deleterious Impact on Environmental Society and Ethical Business Decision – in India

Current research finds that, inthe context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), consumers, governments, and other commercial organizations are embracing CSR to enhance their corporate image with environmental components that are not trulyimplemented through greenwashing. India is confronted with environmental challenges such escalating air pollution, declining food security and pollution from e-waste disposal. The WHO's 24-Hour Air Quality Guidelines' suggested limit for PM2.5 concentration I snow being exceeded by 2.8 times in India. This report discusses the findings of an empirical investigation on the relationship between environmental sustain ability and the degree of business relationships, the impact of green washing on climate change and the connection between CSR and ethical decision-making. Based on the data gathered from 200 respondents to a used questionnaire a quantitative, causal, cross-sectional study was carried out, using SPSS24.0. This paper enriches the study with further scope of analyses overemployee’sperceptionoverthe SDG.

Specific Trends in Pediatric Ethical Decision-Making: An 18-Year Review of Ethics Consultation Cases in a Pediatric Hospital.

This is a qualitative examination of ethics consultation requests, outcomes, and ethics committee recommendations at a tertiary/quaternary pediatric hospital in the U.S. The purpose of this review of consults over an 18-year period is to identify specific trends in the types of ethical dilemmas presented in our pediatric setting, the impact of consultation and committee development on the number and type of consults provided, and any clinical features and/or challenges that emerged and contributed to the nature of ethical situations and dilemmas. Furthermore, in reviewing clinical ethics consultation trends for nearly two decades, we can identify topic areas for further ethics education and training for ethics consultants, ethics committee members, and pediatric healthcare teams and professionals based on our experiences. Our study with nearly two decades of data prior to the COVID-19 pandemic can serve as groundwork for future comparisons of consultation requests and ethics support for pediatric hospitals prior to, during, and following a pandemic.

Ethical Business Decision-Making in Organizations: A Theoretical Perspectives

Ethics issues are characterized by ambiguity and complexity, and they have high-stakes implications for both individuals and organizations. The study of business ethics focuses on identifying the moral standards of good and wrong that govern interactions between and within organisations. To sustain a competitive advantage in today's competitive market, business leaders must embrace ethical decision-making. Businesses that do not make ethical decisions, risk falling behind their market competitors. This research looks at ethical frameworks that can help managers distinguish between ethical and unethical business decisions. As it is a review of literature, the current study mainly depends on literature. Several theories, including utilitarianism, individualism, justice, and right theories, have been examined in this study to explain the underlying cognitive and behavioural processes governing ethical decision-making. The results show that while making moral decisions, managers need to be aware of the ethical ramifications of various issues and circumstances. As a result, managers should use ethical principles while making decisions, especially when it comes to stakeholders in a business. The findings of this study will assist other researchers in identifying comparable studies during the literature review stage of their research and will serve as a framework for future research in business ethics.

INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON BUSINESS DECISION-MAKING

The paper delves into the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on business decision-making. By examining this phenomenon's technical, strategic, and ethical dimensions, the study seeks to unravel the implications that artificial intelligence integration brings to decision-making. The study conducted a comprehensive analysis to investigate the perceptions and experiences of individuals regarding integrating artificial intelligence in business decision-making. The study involved a detailed examination of demographic characteristics, artificial intelligence awareness, implementation status, perceived impact on decision-making speed and accuracy and ethical considerations related to bias in artificial intelligence-driven decision-making. The findings show that the gender and age distribution of respondents influence the perception and use of artificial intelligence in business decision-making. And artificial intelligence-driven decisions are dominant in the healthcare sector. Furthermore, artificial intelligence awareness and implementation indicated a generally positive outlook, with significant acknowledgement and familiarity among respondents. There is a positive perception of artificial intelligence making decisions faster with a positive contribution to the accuracy of business decisions. However, there is a record of some biases in artificial intelligence-driven decision-making. This highlights a significant concern in the fair and equitable application of artificial intelligence algorithms. This shows the importance of addressing biases to ensure ethical decision-making. The hypothesis testing sought to ascertain whether the incorporation of artificial intelligence is contingent on the accuracy of business decisions. The chi-square test results indicated insufficient evidence to propose a noteworthy relationship between the integration of artificial intelligence and decision accuracy. This implies that organizations should explore additional factors influencing decision accuracy, recognizing that artificial intelligence integration alone may not be the sole determinant.

The Effect of Group Dynamics on Individual Ethical Decision Making

ABSTRACT Given that many significant decisions in accounting are made by groups of professionals, it is important to understand the impact of group interactions on ethical decision making. We examine how group dynamics can influence an individual’s ethical evaluations and intentions and whether the effect of these group interactions persists in the future. We also explore the ethical orientations used by participants to inform their ethical judgments. Our results indicate that individual initial assessments of ethical scenarios are consistently more ethical than group assessments of the same ethical scenarios. Groups consistently viewed questionable actions as more acceptable than individuals and were more likely to say that they or their peers would perform the action. This less ethical perspective persists in future individual ethical assessments, demonstrating a contagion effect on ethical judgments. Furthermore, our results show that justice and relativism are the moral constructs utilized by most participants to form ethical evaluations. Data Availability: Data are available from the authors.

Spiritual Values In Buddhism And Christianity: A Philosophical Study

The spiritual values of Buddhism and Christianity, are two major world religions with profound influences on the lives and beliefs of millions of people. Buddhism, originating over 2,500 years ago with Siddhartha Gautama, "the Buddha," and Christianity, rooted in the teachings of Jesus Christ, offer rich spiritual values centered on compassion, love, morality, mindfulness, and forgiveness. Through an in-depth examination of these values, the study unveils their significance and influence in guiding the lives of adherents. Compassion, regarded as the cornerstone in both Buddhism and Christianity, drives the alleviation of suffering and ethical living. Love and charity are paramount in Christianity, while Buddhism emphasizes generosity. Moral conduct is fundamental in both, with Buddhism placing strong emphasis on the Noble Eightfold Path. Mindfulness is a shared practice, that promotes self-awareness and inner peace. Forgiveness, crucial in Christianity, emphasizes reconciliation and restoration. These values, though differently interpreted due to their theological foundations, demonstrate a universal theme of empathy and interconnectedness. This study further accentuates the relevance of these shared values in the contemporary world, fostering dialogue between Buddhists and Christians to cultivate a more compassionate and understanding society. It delves into the practical implications of these values for personal growth and ethical decision-making, offering insights into their potential to bridge differences and promote empathy. By highlighting these shared spiritual compasses, this study encourages the pursuit of virtuous and righteous living within the diverse contexts of Buddhism and Christianity and paves the way for an enriched interfaith discourse.

Indian Knowledge System: Reconfiguring Education in Present Scenario

The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) is a systematized transmission of knowledge from one generation to the coming. The Indian Knowledge System aims to integrate the ancient traditional knowledge of India with the contemporary knowledge system. It also seeks to promote openings for scholars and educational institutes for interdisciplinary exploration in the area. IKS is an innovative cell established to promote, save and circulate IKS for farther exploration and societal operations. It'll laboriously engage for spreading the rich heritage of our country and traditional knowledge. The IKS underlines moral values, ethics, and principles for leading a righteous life. By integrating these ethical training available in IKS into present education system, institutions can prop scholars in developing a sense of social responsibility, compassion, and ethical decision- making vital for balanced living.

Comparative Analysis of Palliative Sedation and Euthanasia - a literature review

Introduction and purpose: Palliative care is designed to ensure proper comfort in living and dying, primarily by alleviating suffering in patients for whom medical interventions have proved ineffective. In situations where suffering is unbearable, palliative care offers "last resort" treatment, namely palliative sedation. This involves the intentional administration of sedative drugs to the patient to reduce the level of consciousness, even inducing sleep, in order to control suffering caused by conditions that are resistant to other treatments. The aim of this article is to present various perspectives on palliative sedation.
 Description of the state knowledge: Topics discussed include: cessation of hydration and nutrition, loss of patient control over decision-making in treatment progression after the induction of pharmacological coma, the principle of double effect, complications arising from the use of indiscriminate polypharmacy, and views on life shortening through palliative sedation or its comparison to euthanasia. The distinction between palliative sedation and euthanasia is explored, with arguments on both sides contributing to ongoing debates. The paper concludes by advocating for comprehensive guidelines and interdisciplinary assessments to ensure ethical and patient-centered decision-making in the application of palliative sedation in terminally ill patients.
 Summary: A discussion is necessary on the creation of acceptable and appropriate procedures that would not arouse the controversies currently associated with the use of palliative sedation.

Ethics Education in Psychoanalytic Institutes

ABSTRACT Over the past thirteen years, the Ethics Education Committee (EEC) at Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute (BPSI) has engaged in a dedicated, proactive initiative to help trainees, members, and the field at large, address questions of ethics, boundaries, and professional conduct. This endeavor began in the wake of a series of what are often euphemistically referred to as “egregious boundary violations” at BPSI; in other words, sexual transgressions perpetrated by analysts toward their patients. The initiative evolved to address questions including, but also above and beyond, sexual transgressions, in recognition that complex ethical dilemmas are endemic to our work, though often go un-discussed. This paper will describe why the EEC was formed, the techniques used to open-up discussions of ethical decision-making which have been used at BPSI, national meetings of the American Psychoanalytic Association (APsaA), and institutes across the country, and what we have learned about fostering safe environments to grapple with issues around ethical decision-making and professional conduct. Examples of vignettes depicting complex ethical dilemmas, a primary tool in our technique, will also be included.

Aristotelian Practical Wisdom (Phronesis) as the Key to Professional Ethics in Teaching

This article is about a virtue ethical approach to the professional ethics of teaching, centred around the ideal of phronesis (practical wisdom) in an Aristotelian sense. It is grounded empirically in extensive research conducted at the Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues into teachers and other UK professionals, and it is grounded theoretically in recent efforts to revive an Aristotelian concept of phronesis as excellence in ethical decision-making. The article argues for the need for a virtue-based approach to professional practice, based on time-honoured Aristotelian assumptions and culminating in a conceptually viable construct of phronesis as a psycho-moral integrator and adjudicator. After setting some of the historical background in Sect. 1, Sect. 2 charts the most relevant empirical findings. Section 3 introduces a call for phronesis as a guide to virtue-based professional ethics: its role, nature, and methods of instruction. Section 4 adds some caveats and concerns about if and how phronesis can be cultivated as part of teacher training. Finally, Sect. 5 offers some concluding remarks about the novelty and radicality of the approach on offer in this article.

Ethical and Professional Decision-Making Capabilities of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: Evaluating ChatGPT's Professional Competencies in Medicine.

We examined the performance of artificial intelligence chatbots on the PREview Practice Exam, an online situational judgment test for professionalism and ethics. We used validated methodologies to calculate scores and descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, and Fisher's exact tests to compare scores by model and competency. GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 scored 6/9 (76th percentile) and 7/9 (92nd percentile), respectively, higher than medical school applicant averages of 5/9 (56th percentile). Both models answered 95 + % of questions correctly. Chatbots outperformed the average applicant on PREview, suggesting their potential for healthcare training and decision-making and highlighting risks of online assessment delivery.

Applying AVWEWM to ethical decision-making during autonomous vehicle crashes

At present, a few scholars studied influencing factors, rules and mechanisms of decision-making in ethical dilemmas. Many factors have been identified, and a few rules and mechanisms have been proposed. However, due to the inability to evaluate the weight and role of each factor in decision-making, it is difficult to establish a computational decision-making model to solve ethical dilemmas. Therefore, entropy weighted method (EWM) and Attribute Value Weighted EWM (AVWEWM) are used to process 84 dilemmas respectively to evaluate the weight and role of each factor in decision-making, then decision-making models based on EWM and AVWEWM are constructed to make decisions during autonomous vehicle (AV) crashes respectively. Lastly, 40 dilemmas are designed to test both decision-making models. The test results indicate that both can make clear decision-making in 40 dilemmas. However, the decision-making by AVWEWM is more consistent with public opinion than EWM. In addition, according to the weight and role of each factor in decision-making, it can also provide a few references for traffic management and legal departments to formulate traffic laws and regulations for AV in the future.

Testing the effects of moral intensity news frames on consumer boycott intention

PurposeThis exploratory research examined how emphasizing a brand’s unethical behaviour through high moral intensity news framing influences consumer boycott intention.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses were tested and validated using two experimental studies that expose customers of real retail and personal care product brands to news articles that have high and low moral intensity news frames.FindingsThe results showed high moral intensity news framing’s positive effect on consumer boycott intention. The frame’s influence is moderated by moral awareness and partially mediated by perceived moral intensity and moral judgement. The findings suggest that consumers’ perception of the frame and their attitude towards the brand will have a substantial role in boycott intention.Practical implicationsThese research outcomes aid in the understanding of news framing effects on boycott intention, providing both insights for consumer activists and managerial implications for stewards of brands.Originality/valueWhile previous research have examined the impact of news frames on the typical audience, there has been relatively little focus on news framing’s impact on consumers and their decision to boycott brands. This study addresses this gap by applying the work on emphasis framing to a consumer decision-making context. It also introduces moral intensity framing to the news frame classification. In addition, this study expands current conceptualizations of individual ethical decision-making to help explain consumer boycott intent.

Ethical Issues in Accounting: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis

Ethical conduct in accounting is paramount for maintaining trust and credibility in financial reporting. This research paper comprehensively reviews and analyses ethical issues in accounting, exploring theoretical frameworks, historical perspectives, case studies, and practical strategies for ethical decision-making. It examines the regulatory framework and professional standards governing accounting ethics, highlighting their impact on practice. Case studies such as the Enron scandal, Satyam Computer Services fraud, and Lehman Brothers collapse provide insights into real-world ethical dilemmas and their consequences. The paper also discusses the role of technology in shaping ethical practices, emphasizing the importance of transparency, data security, and professional judgment. Furthermore, it delves into the significance of ethical leadership and organizational culture in mitigating ethical risks within accounting firms and corporations. By synthesizing qualitative and quantitative data from diverse sources, this paper offers valuable insights for accounting professionals, educators, regulators, and policymakers in fostering a culture of integrity and professionalism within the accounting profession.

Mapping advanced practice nurses' scope of practice, satisfaction, and drivers of role performance.

Background: Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) roles in Switzerland include Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), Nurse Practitioner (NP) and blended roles. The variety contributes to unclear profiles and scope of practice. Aim: To describe a) the performance of APN tasks according to Hamric's competencies, b) job satisfaction, and c) barriers and facilitators to role performance. Methods: Nationwide cross-sectional survey among clinically working APNs. Inclusion criteria: academic degree, role with advanced nursing competency. Analysis of quantitative and qualitative data using inferential statistics and content analysis. Results: Of the 222 APNs, 49% (n = 108) described themselves as CNSs, 37% (n = 81) as working in a blended role, and 15% (n = 33) as NP. APNs provided the greatest proportion of their tasks in the competency direct clinical practice and the least in ethical decision-making. Group comparisons between roles revealed significant differences in the competencies: direct clinical practice, guidance and coaching, leadership, and evidence-based practice. Job satisfaction was high (76%, n = 165), most often described by the category work content/role (e.g., defined scope of practice). The most frequent barrier to role performance was the category scope of practice (e.g., unclear responsibilities); the most frequent facilitator was the category professional recognition (e.g., respect). Conclusion: The study highlights current APN scope of practice and can support the advancement of the role through clinical practice, educational institutions, and research.