Ethical Way Research Articles

Trilogi Kekerasan dalam Perjanjian Lama

Religion and violence have long been linked. In Christianity, the presence of violent texts in the Bible, especially in the Old Testament, further exacerbates this situation. The Old Testament texts include three types of violence: human violence against humans, violence perpetrated by God, and human appeals to God for violence. This legacy of biblical violence creates theological and ethical challenges for those who seek spiritual and ethical guidance from the Bible. This paper aims to examine the responses or views of the faithful, who have no formal education in the Bible, towards violent texts in the Old Testament. The research method used is qualitative, with a field study and a literature study approach. Interviews were conducted with informants to explore their understanding of the biblical texts of violence, and the findings will be confronted with expert explanations through a literature study. The resource persons in this study are parishioners of St. Agata-Parish of Maria Assumpta Pakem, Yogyakarta, with various educational backgrounds. The results of this study attempt to present theological and ethical ways of understanding violent texts so that the faithful can gain a more balanced and contextual understanding of these texts. By exploring people's understanding of violent texts in the Old Testament, this research contributes to understanding the complexities and challenges faced by the faithful in reading and understanding the Bible.

Planting Methods Enhanced the Cane Yield and Input Use Efficiency in Sugarcane- An Overview

Planting method is the one of the important agronomic interventions for enhancing productivity and quality of sugarcane. Right technique could enhance not only the cane yield but also input use efficiency. Increased use of better technologies, such as planting techniques, is essential to maintaining the production and productivity of the sugar industry in an ethical way. Additionally, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of the inputs used in sugarcane farming, particularly the prudent utilization of water and site-specific nutrient management. Planting techniques in sugarcane play a significant role in determining the overall productivity and sustainability of sugarcane cultivation. Proper planting techniques ensure that the sugarcane crop establishes well and produces higher yields. New planting techniques must be made widely known to producers to make sugarcane cultivation a sustainable and lucrative sector that contributes to national food security. Therefore, the development and adoption of enhanced planting methods and its impact on cane productivity and input usage efficiency for sustainable sugarcane farming system are described in this review in order to maintain cane production and its sustainability towards national food security. This review aims to enlist the impact of different planting methods on sugarcane productivity and input use efficiency.

Vulnerability, Embodiment and Emerging Technologies: A Still Open Issue

When reflecting on the human condition, vulnerability is a characteristic which is clearly evident, because anyone is exposed to the possibility of being wounded (and is, therefore, vulnerable, from the Latin word "vulnus", wound). In fact, human vulnerability, intended as a universal condition affecting finite and mortal human beings, is closely linked to embodiment, intended as the constitutive bond every human has with a physical body, subject to changes and to the passing of time. In today’s cultural context, permeated by emerging technologies, theories in favor of the so-called human enhancement through the use of the Genetics–Nanotechnology–Robotics (GNR) Revolution or NBIC Convergence technologies, in particular transhumanism, are emerging in the bioethical debate and seem to question the fundamentally vulnerable nature of human beings, by proposing not only abstract theories, but also concrete techno-scientific projects for its overcoming. Such a project, however, could turn out to be fallacious and inconsistent and could lead to ethically unacceptable consequences. Instead, a coherent (and ethical) way of responding to constitutive human vulnerability seems to be its understanding and acceptance.

The role of ecotourism in preserving environmental awareness, cultural and natural attractiveness for promoting local communities in Bali, Indonesia

Ecotourism is a form of sustainable tourism that aims to preserve the natural environment and wildlife while benefiting local communities. It is a responsible and ethical way of travel that promotes environmental awareness, education, and cultural exchange. Ecotourism has gained popularity recently due to growing concerns over environmental degradation and climate change. This study discusses the influence of environmental awareness, cultural and natural attractiveness, and ecotourism attributes on destination image and intention to visit. The location of the study is in Bali, Indonesia. This study used quantitative research using purposive random sampling and analyzed using SmartPLS. The results explain a significant positive relationship between environmental awareness, cultural and natural attractiveness, and ecotourism attributed to destination image and intention to visit.

『우리가 볼 수 없는 모든 빛』에 나타난 스피노자적 윤리의 실천

This thesis seeks an ethical way to advance towards the love of eternal and infinite things that Spinoza pursued in All the Light We Cannot See, an American novel published by Anthony Doerr in 2014 and awarded the Pulitzer Prize in the following year. It is an attempt to examine Spinoza's Conatus as an individual's effort to maintain and sustain life, and that Conatus inevitably includes desire. However, Spinoza sees life pursuing this desire as something that can restrain life and give suffering, but the effort to achieve the third perception leads human beings find bliss, which is the final path to freedom. This paper examines the main character‘s choices and efforts to continue his life, and try to find out whether they have entered the path of freedom in the Spinozist sense. The first section briefly examines how Spinoza explained Conatus and the road to bliss. Werner's Conatus is examined in the second section, and how he perceives three different perceptions Spinoza distinguished in the third section. And in the last section, it will look at how Werner's perception of God's intellectual love is embodied.

Radical Methodological Openness and Method as Politics: Reflections on Militant Research with Squatters in Catalonia

AbstractIn 2017, it was estimated that over 87,000 families—around 270,000 people—lived in squatted properties in Spain. Such figures, often used by the media to stigmatise residential occupations and generate moral panic, give an ill‐defined yet powerful indication of the prevalence of squatting within and outside organised housing movements. From these came the question: How to elevate the “minor knowledges” of precariously housed people in an ethical, engaged, and situated way, in dialogue with a coordinated activist push to reframe squatting as a political strategy? Based on the experience of the first “strategic positivist” survey about squatting in Catalonia, we offer a situated reflection on the tensions and contradictions of militant research in a shifting political terrain. The urgency and ethics that guided our process made it necessary to operate through methodological openness and to consider method as politics, advancing a broader agenda of movement‐relevant research supporting non‐speculative forms of inhabitation.

Seven governing principles in biology

In physical science such as physics and chemistry, there are governing principles that are universal and applicable to all relevant systems, including energy conservation, entropy increase, uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics, and chemical equilibrium. However, what are governing principles in biology that are unique to all living systems? After collecting opinions and thoughts from diverse scientists and engineers all over the world, I summarize seven governing principles or laws in biology: central dogma, evolution, biological robustness, regeneration, reproduction, development, and causality. Some of these are not necessarily unique in biological systems from a reductionist’s point of view (e.g., causality), and others are applicable predominantly to eukaryotes (e.g., reproduction and development). Notably, many engineering systems have mimicked biological systems to enhance their performance. In this perspective article, I discuss these principles to better understand the rules of life and help construct improved engineering systems that we can use and control in an ethical, safe, and rational way.

The Arctic Rivers Project: Using an Equitable Co‐Production Framework for Integrating Meaningful Community Engagement and Science to Understand Climate Impacts

AbstractAs the Arctic and its rivers continue to warm, a better understanding of the possible future impacts on people would benefit from close partnership with Indigenous communities and scientists from diverse fields of study. We present efforts by the Arctic Rivers Project to conduct community‐engaged research to increase collective understanding of the historical and potential future impacts of climate change on rivers, fish, and Indigenous communities. Working in central to northern Alaska and the Yukon Territory in Canada, the project seeks to engage with Indigenous communities in ethical and equitable ways to produces science that is useful, useable, and used that may serve as an example for future research efforts. Toward this goal, we formed an Indigenous Advisory Council and together developed project‐specific knowledge co‐production protocols. This paper provides a novel model of design and implementation to co‐produce knowledge with communities across a large study domain.

<i>Emblica officinalis</i> Gaertn. (<i>Amalaki</i>): A Natural Herbal Remedy to Enhance Cardiorespiratory Fitness in <i>Ayurveda</i> - An <i>In Silico</i> Molecular Docking Approach

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness is the capacity of the circulatory and respiratory systems to transport oxygen to the skeletal muscle mitochondria for energy production during physical activity. Cardiorespiratory fitness has been recognized as a vital health biomarker and is very crucial for sports persons. Physical activities, aerobic exercise, yoga, meditation, nutritional supplements, and ergogenic aids are the ways to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness. Emblica officinalis Gaertn. is one of the widely used drugs in Ayurveda traditional medicine to enhance Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF). However, there is a dearth of clear information regarding how Emblica officinalis can improve CRF. Objective: The current in silico molecular docking study was planned to identify the phytochemicals, and targets of endurance and predict the probable mode of action of the drug and thereby substantiate the ability of Emblica officinalis as a natural and ethical way of enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: The phytochemicals and targets are collected from reliable sources, and the effectiveness of these gene targets was validated using network pharmacology ligand-target interaction methods. The Protein Data Bank and PubChem were used to find the ligands and targets, and PyRx was used to do docking. Conclusion: Emblica officinalis is found to have a positive influence on the 12 metabolic pathways that act in enhancing the cardiorespiratory endurance in the human being. PRKCA was analyzed and concluded as the highly modulated gene target with the lowest binding energy. Thus, Emblica officinalis was found to have an action in enhancing cardio-respiratory endurance.

Leveraging corporate sustainability through responsible innovation: Capacity building with exploration and exploitation

The growing literature on corporate sustainability suggests its positive implications for organizations and stakeholders. Based on the social identity approach, the current study aims to investigate whether responsible innovation can leverage these sustainability advantages of companies to improve organizational commitment and competitiveness. Responsible innovation has been integrated into an original model as a construct that translates corporate sustainability into organizational outcomes to meet stakeholders' needs and to frame and solve the sustainability‐related tensions in an ethical way. The study also attempts to examine the mediating impacts of exploration and exploitation orientations on the proposed link between corporate sustainability and responsible innovation. The model was validated by using the partial least squares structural equation modelling method on a sample of 196 middle managers in small businesses in Turkey. The findings reveal that responsible innovation has a significant mediation effect on the proposed links, and both exploration and exploitation elicit the innovation capacity in sustainability practices. The study also supports the argument on the positive impact of exploitation on exploration.

8.C. Workshop: Female leadership in times of crisis – fostering a sustainable future for humanity

Abstract Women in Global Health (WGH) is a global movement with the largest network of women and allies working to challenge power and privilege for gender equity in health. It has grown to include over 50,000 supporters in 90 countries and has 41 official chapters. The WGH European network is an established hub of the global WGH movement focusing on gender equality in Europe Some of the WGH European Chapters have been engaged in the work with Ukrainian migrants.The workshop will start with a brief introduction to the WGH network and European hub. Following these opening remarks, the session will review the ongoing conflict in Ukraine through a gender equity lens, exploring what the crisis has taught us and how these experiences can help improve gender equity interventions in the future. The session will focus on two topics. 1) exploring the daily realities of women living in the conflict situation in Ukraine and 2) the situation of Ukrainian female refugees in European Member States. We will hear personal stories and accounts from Ukrainian women themselves and from professionals working with them both in-country and in European Member States. The inputs will be moderated in an interview style by one of the WGH European Chapter leads. The interviews will be followed by an interactive section where discussions will be facilitated with the audience in small groups. These discussions will centre on the accounts heard in the session and draw on any personal experience audience members may have of working with women in/from conflict situations, in Ukraine or elsewhere. In the plenary, we will then ask the small for feedback on their conversations. with the aim of discussing what the WGH movement can learn from these experiences with respect to applying them to interventions in gender equity in migrant health in the future. A final input from a female health leader will reflect on the session content and summarise its conclusions. Key messages • Gender equity can bring about transformative change in times of crisis. • Gender equity is not merely the ethical way to advance, but an operational necessity in time of crisis. Speakers/Panelists Sabine Ludwig Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Halyna Skipalska Ukrainian Foundation for Public Health, Kyiv, Ukraine Paloma Cuchi WHO, Poland

Visual, Spatial and Temporal Aporias in the Post-Palestinian Films of Basma Alsharif

Abstract This article focuses on the films of diasporic Palestinian artist Basma Alsharif, analyzing the visual strategies she mobilizes to negotiate three aporias in Palestinian experience around visuality, space and mobility and temporality. Focusing on Ouroboros (2017) and Home Movies Gaza (2013), I explore the ethical ways she represents a situation of suspended violence without spectacularizing suffering or relying on overdetermined visual conventions. The films evoke both feelings of spatial constraint, and conversely, a diasporic expansiveness that characterizes a Palestinian structure of feeling. Finally, I look at Alsharif’s engagement with the concept of the eternal return, paying particular attention to the ways that it suggests a notion of time not predicated on the unitary, revolutionary (i.e., heteromasculine) subject and proposes a way forward not based on the exclusionary rhetoric of the nation-state. Throughout the article, I put her work in conversation with other female Palestinian filmmakers handling similar themes to identify emerging patterns in how Palestine is portrayed and conceived.

Beyond research as a dirty word? Searching for ethical and reflexive ways of doing research with and for migrant communities

Abstract What do “white” migration researchers, such as myself, need to learn from over-researched (undocumented) migrant youth and indigenous communities that consider research a dirty word? And how do such assertions not lead to an impasse, but can actually enable scholars to conduct ethical and reflexive research that directly engages and benefits migrant communities throughout the research process? These are the central questions I seek to take up in this article by critically reflecting on my engaged research with undocumented migrant youth (activists) in Los Angeles and the Netherlands. Building on epistemological and ethical considerations and practices from participatory action research, co-creative research, and arts-based research, this article argues for four essential shifts in our modes of knowledge production, which are then empirically illustrated through a critical examination of my own research. These four shifts are: (1) a move from epistemic violence and injustice to epistemic justice, (2) a move from damage-centred to desire-based research, (3) a move from singular to comprehensive narratives, and (4) a move from extractavist to engaged research.

Social Functions of Machine Emotional Expressions

Virtual humans and social robots frequently generate behaviors that human observers naturally see as expressing emotion. In this review article, we highlight that these expressions can have important benefits for human–machine interaction. We first summarize the psychological findings on how emotional expressions achieve important social functions in human relationships and highlight that artificial emotional expressions can serve analogous functions in human–machine interaction. We then review computational methods for determining what expressions make sense to generate within the context of interaction and how to realize those expressions across multiple modalities, such as facial expressions, voice, language, and touch. The use of synthetic expressions raises a number of ethical concerns, and we conclude with a discussion of principles to achieve the benefits of machine emotion in ethical ways.

Choice Enhances Placebo Hypoalgesia More in Weaker Placebo Contexts: A Partial Reinforcement Study

Providing individuals with choice over treatment has been found to enhance placebo hypoalgesia. However, this choice effect is not always present. The current study tested whether the strength of the placebo context influenced the effect of choice on placebo hypoalgesia. Using an established electrocutaneous pain paradigm, the choice effect was compared when placebo hypoalgesia was induced by Continuous Reinforcement (CRF) (strong placebo context) versus partial reinforcement (PRF) (weak placebo context). Healthy volunteers (N = 133) were randomized to receive either choice over treatment administration or no choice and then to placebo conditioning under either CRF (placebo always followed by surreptitious pain reduction during training) or PRF (placebo only followed by surreptitious pain reduction on half of the training trials). At the test, placebo hypoalgesia was greater and more resistant to extinction overall for those with choice. Importantly, however, the choice effect in enhancing the magnitude of placebo hypoalgesia was stronger after PRF than CRF. These results indicate that choice may have greater placebo-enhancing power in weaker placebo contexts. Therefore, choice may be a cheap and effective tool for improving clinical outcomes by facilitating placebo hypoalgesia when the existing treatment context is insufficient to produce placebo hypoalgesia itself. PerspectiveThis study demonstrates that the enhancing effect of choice on placebo hypoalgesia is greater in a weaker placebo context. As such, offering choice could be an ethical way to effectively improve pain outcomes when placebo effects cannot be readily produced by the treatment context.

Not getting laid: consumer acceptance of precision fermentation made egg

Mounting concern over the negative externalities of industrialized animal agriculture, coupled with falling cost curves of novel food technologies have birthed the field of cellular agriculture: a new category of food technology seeking to reproduce the sensory experiences of animal protein, and promising a cleaner, more ethical way of enjoying animal proteins. This research examines consumer acceptance of precision fermentation (PF) made egg products in Germany, Singapore, and the USA. Using an online survey of 3,006 participants, the study examines demographic and dietary traits that predict willingness to try such products and identifies the reasons why consumers are most attracted to them. The findings suggest that PF made egg products are likely to find a willing market, with a substantial proportion (51–61%) of participants willing to try the product, with vegetarians and vegans displaying the highest enthusiasm. Egg consumption habits and, to a lesser extent, income also predict acceptance. Major reasons for adopting the product were animal welfare in Germany, and health aspects in Singapore and the USA, as well as curiosity in all three countries. Observed differences between the acceptance of PF egg and PF dairy are discussed, as well as comparisons to existing alternative protein (AP) product adoption.

Improving lives by linking data: Views from groups with complex needs. Commissioned by the cross-government Better Outcomes through Linked Data programme and the Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation, and delivered by the research agency Britain Thinks

Objectives
 
 Improve and refine BOLD's delivery of its four pilot projects via feedback on acceptable uses and forms of analysis of shared data.
 Inform how BOLD communicates its aims and progress for maximum clarity and transparency.
 Understand the impact of BOLD's data management on the level of trust in the program.
 
 MethodsInitial workshops were conducted with expert intermediary organisations, such as charities, who have a deep understanding of each of the audiences’ attitudes and needs. This was to explain the purpose of the project to the intermediary organisations and to gain their feedback on the approach and materials.
 Fieldwork was undertaken with 82 participants from across the four vulnerability audiences, using a combination of methods to ensure full participation from a range of individuals with differing levels of need.
 Participants were presented with information about BOLD's purpose, objectives, and three example scenarios related to their respective pilot to prompt useful discussions.
 Results
 
 Participants in the BOLD program pilots generally support data sharing to improve public services.
 They view the program positively, have similar experiences across pilot areas, and reflect on its relevance to a range of audiences.
 However, some lack experience with issues addressed by BOLD. Concerns exist regarding negative impacts and scepticism towards government.
 BOLD use cases should prioritise four principles: relevance, impact, clarity, and non-stigmatisation.
 Intermediary organisations are crucial for engaging with pilot audiences.
 
 ConclusionBOLD is a three-year cross government pilot project that links social policy datasets to better support individuals with complex needs. It aims to improve outcomes by providing new evidence and insight into how services delivered in one part of government affect outcomes in another. This research was commissioned to inform how to take the BOLD programme forward, by engaging and consulting with relevant audiences in an ethical and transparent way.
 The published findings are informing the delivery of BOLD and improving and enhancing our understanding of the impact of BOLD's data management on trust.

The ethical challenges of diversifying genomic data: A qualitative evidence synthesis.

This article aims to explore the ethical issues arising from attempts to diversify genomic data and include individuals from underserved groups in studies exploring the relationship between genomics and health. We employed a qualitative synthesis design, combining data from three sources: 1) a rapid review of empirical articles published between 2000 and 2022 with a primary or secondary focus on diversifying genomic data, or the inclusion of underserved groups and ethical issues arising from this, 2) an expert workshop and 3) a narrative review. Using these three sources we found that ethical issues are interconnected across structural factors and research practices. Structural issues include failing to engage with the politics of knowledge production, existing inequities, and their effects on how harms and benefits of genomics are distributed. Issues related to research practices include a lack of reflexivity, exploitative dynamics and the failure to prioritise meaningful co-production. Ethical issues arise from both the structure and the practice of research, which can inhibit researcher and participant opportunities to diversify data in an ethical way. Diverse data are not ethical in and of themselves, and without being attentive to the social, historical and political contexts that shape the lives of potential participants, endeavours to diversify genomic data run the risk of worsening existing inequities. Efforts to construct more representative genomic datasets need to develop ethical approaches that are situated within wider attempts to make the enterprise of genomics more equitable.

A gesture that made silence ring

Amidst a suffocating climate, given the violence and its supporters, small numbers of Basque citizens decided not to look the other way when the ‘other’ was killed because of following a different ideology. These dissenters took to the streets to confront the violence, radically placing a bet on dialogue and human rights. And this was done through silence. Their irrefutable ethical stance gradually made an impact on Basque society and, step by step, their work steadily contributed to making peace a viable option in the Basque Country. As it looks back over the years of their struggle, this article wishes to bear witness to the work of those anonymous individuals who belonged to the ‘Gesto por la Paz’ peace organization, a piece written by someone who had the good fortune of maturing alongside them in an ethical and humanitarian way.

Beauty Goes Green: Determinants of Sustainable Purchasing Behavior Among Gen X and Z Filipino Consumers

Several companies have adopted sustainability as a business approach to create long-term value by ensuring that they operate in an ethical way that protects the social, ecological, and economic environments. Nowadays, the demand for sustainable products has increased in various industries, including the cosmetics industry, and customers go through a complex process when deciding which products to buy. Hence, there is a lack of study in terms of determining the disparity between the purchasing behavior of Generation X and Z. With that, this study determined the specific difference between the purchasing behavior of Gen X and Z as green cosmetic product consumers and identified which among the factors; environmental consciousness, eco-label, attitude, green advertising and price sensitivity significantly influence their buying behavior as well as their perception towards them. An online questionnaire was distributed to 385 respondents, and the data gathered for this quantitative study were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, and multiple linear regression. The findings of this study show that while all factors are perceived as important for both generations and have a role in their behavior as a consumer of green cosmetics products, only price sensitivity significantly affect the purchasing behavior of Gen X. On the other hand, both eco-label and price sensitivity significantly affects Gen Z’s purchasing behavior toward green cosmetic products.