Ethical Violations Research Articles

공동거주자 간 법익의 공평한 향유와 주거침입죄 - 구성요건적 행위 판단의 요소인 ‘주거권자의 의사’를 중심으로 -

The protection legal interest of housing intrusion should be enjoyed fairly by all joint residential rights holders, and the consent of the residential rights holder to the infringement of legal interests is limited to his or her own legal interests, and there is no right to dispose of the legal interests of other joint residential rights. Therefore, even with the consent of some residential rights holders, if it is contrary to the will of other residential rights holders, the crime of invasion of housing may be established. However, just because there was an opposition from the residential right holder does not always mean that it is a constituent requirement of the crime of invasion of housing. The need for criminal protection of dissenting opinions can be recognized on the basis of fair enjoyment of legal interests. If the establishment of a crime of invasion of housing is recognized as the legitimate enjoyment of legal interests of other residential rights holders, it is an abuse of housing rights and unreasonably restricts the enjoyment of legitimate legal interests to housing intrusion. The intention may be explicit, implied, or presumed. The important point is that the need for criminal protection can only be recognized when the intention of the residential right holder enables fair enjoyment of legal interests between residential right holders based on the typicality of the space. “Conflict of opinions between co-residents on outsiders' access to housing” issue will not be resolved by changing the concept of invasion of housing, as in the case of the en banc decision, but acknowledges the need for criminal protection in the will of the residential right holder based on the fair enjoyment of legal interests. Inviting guests to the residence is the legitimate legal interest of the residential right holder, and the establishment of the residential intrusion crime cannot be recognized by estimating the opposition, which is an element of judgment of 'invasion', which is a constituent act of the residential intrusion crime, according to specific and individual circumstances. A residence is a private space that is disconnected from the outside, and although the opposition to outsiders' access is presumed, it is also a place where guests can be invited to enter at any time. Mutual understanding of this is premised on communal living. Can it be said that the husband's opposition to the wife's boyfriend, who entered the apartment for the purpose of extramarital relationship, is presumed? If the objection is presumed, what is the basis for it? In order to see only the entry and exit for the purpose of extramarital relations differently, it is possible only when the formality of the “fence of the permanent marriage community” is recognized only for the residence of a couple. So far, we've been talking about the “invasion.” I would like to guess if the Supreme Court, which has consistently been criticized for infringement of intentions, forcibly abolished the theory of infringement of intentions and changed it to the theory of infringement of tranquility was an attempt to overcome the intuition and ambiguity of ethical violations.

ON THE ISSUE OF INCREASING PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM

Trust in the judicial system is an important indicator of the quality of the administration of justice. Kazakhstan's world ranking remains insufficient and needs constant improvement. Kazakhstan is currently working to improve public confidence in the court and the judicial system. Resonant publications in the mass media and social networks also testify to the low trust of society. The reasons for such distrust are internal problems that have acquired a systemic nature. As judicial practice and pre-trial conversations show, there is a common practice in courts among judges, the execution of an oral order by the management of the court or a higher court. Such behavior of judges consists in the presence of administrative levers of pressure on the judge. There are several such levers. The first way to put pressure on a judge is to evaluate his professional activity. If a judge has overturned decisions by higher courts and certain violations of judicial ethics, the Commission on the Quality of the Administration of Justice may make a negative decision. The second method of administrative levers of pressure on the judge is to bring the judge to disciplinary responsibility by reviewing the judge's personal file in the Judicial Jury. If a judge has overturned decisions by higher courts and certain violations of judicial ethics, the Judicial Jury may also make a negative decision. All these levers force the judge to make decisions that are beneficial to the higher court or the leadership of the court, thereby undermining the foundations of justice. To this end, it is important to take a number of important measures. The first of which is the selection of personnel for the judicial system. The second is to eradicate the practice of holding judges accountable for a cancelled or amended decision.

Praktik Etika Dalam Akuntansi Keuangan

This research aims to study the theory of ethics in financial accounting practices. Qualitative data is used to investigate ethical violations in financial accounting practices that occur in the AISA group when presenting its financial statements. The results show that the AISA group has committed ethical violations in financial accounting practices when providing its financial statements

Unravelling the Ethical Enigma of Human Cloning in Nancy Farmer’s The House of the Scorpion

Nancy Farmer’s novel The House of the Scorpion deals with complex ethical dilemmas stemming from scientific advancements, particularly in cloning. The story unfolds in a dystopian society, focusing on the treatment of clones—subhuman beings relegated to slaughter or servitude. These clones provoke profound questions about human rights, autonomy, and the impact of technology. The paper scrutinizes their status as human entities, revealing the ethical violations perpetrated against them. By drawing insights from scholars like Childress, Beauchamp, Leon R. Kass, and James Q. Wilson, the study provides a nuanced exploration of the ethical dimensions surrounding clone treatment and its broader implications for autonomy.

A reactogenic "placebo" and the ethics of informed consent in Gardasil HPV vaccine clinical trials: A case study from Denmark.

Medical ethics guidelines require of clinical trial investigators and sponsors to inform prospective trial participants of all known and potential risks associated with investigational medical products, and to obtain their free informed consent. These guidelines also require that clinical research be so designed as to minimize harms and maximize benefits. To examine Merck's scientific rationale for using a reactogenic aluminum-containing "placebo" in Gardasil HPV vaccine pre-licensure clinical trials. We examined the informed consent form and the recruitment brochure for the FUTURE II Gardasil vaccine trial conducted in Denmark; and we interviewed several FUTURE II trial participants and their treating physicians. We also reviewed regulatory documentation related to Gardasil vaccine approval process and the guidelines on evaluation of adjuvants used in human vaccines. It was found that the vaccine manufacturer Merck made several inaccurate statements to trial participants that compromised their right to informed consent. First, even though the study protocol listed safety testing as one of the study's primary objectives, the recruitment brochure emphasized that FUTURE II was not a safety study, and that the vaccine had already been proven safe. Second, the advertising material for the trial and the informed consent forms stated that the placebo was saline or an inactive substance, when, in fact, it contained Merck's proprietary highly reactogenic aluminum adjuvant which does not appear to have been properly evaluated for safety. Several trial participants experienced chronic disabling symptoms, including some randomized to the adjuvant "placebo" group. In our view, the administration of a reactive placebo in Gardasil clinical trials was without any possible benefit, needlessly exposed study subjects to risks, and was therefore a violation of medical ethics. The routine use of aluminum adjuvants as "placebos" in vaccine clinical trials is inappropriate as it hinders the discovery of vaccine-related safety signals.

Ethical violation by the Chairman of the Constitutional Court against Indonesian law and democracy

Ethical violation by the Chairman of the Constitutional Court against Indonesian law and democracy

In the Echoes of Tomorrow: The Intersection of Social Work and Artificial Intelligence Through the Eyes of Turkish Students

This study aimed to examine social work students’ perspectives on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on social work. This research was prepared with a qualitative design to explore the reflections of social work students in Türkiye and twelve focus groups were conducted. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA, and two main themes were created: opportunities and challenges. The opportunities include innovation, transformative dimensions, and work optimization, while challenges consist of competency for professional practice, ethical issues, and labor sub-themes. The results indicate that students think that AI will increase efficiency in terms of gaining speed and time, reducing bureaucracy, performing risk analysis, and reducing costs. In the research findings, students point out that AI may lead to ethical violations in terms of privacy concerns, the possibility of data misuse, etc. Students emphasize the risk of increased unemployment with the integration of AI into social work. Future research could investigate the long-term impact of integrating AI into social work practice, examining its evolving effect on client outcomes and professional roles.

How artificial intelligence chatbots becomes author’s true friend in medical writing without risking ethical violations

[No abstract available]

The Constitutional Court’s Journey to Bureaucratic Reform

The purpose of this study is to analyze the bureaucratic ethics of the Constitutional Court related to the objectives and constitutional values in the decisions of the Constitutional Court judges, as well as the role of bureaucratic reform based on Presidential Regulation Number 81 of 2010. The method used is a literature study. This method involves analyzing secondary data from Constitutional Court decisions, laws and regulations, and other scientific literature focusing on the research topic. The results showed that ethical violations by Constitutional Court judges are a serious challenge to the integrity of the Constitutional Court institution. After the amendment of the 1945 Constitution after the reform, the Constitutional Court became the highest judicial institution against corruption, collusion, and nepotism. Despite four amendments, legal irregularities in the Constitutional Court still occur, indicating that post-reform law enforcement has not been optimal. The main challenge is the inability of the bureaucracy to serve the public interest. The importance of bureaucratic reform is illustrated by the need to improve the integrity of the Constitutional Court, rebuild public trust, and ensure that this institution continues to function as a justice enforcer that serves the public interest.

‘Why Do We Treat Different Families Differently?’: Social Workers’ Perspectives on Bias and Ethical Issues in Pediatric Emergency Rooms

ABSTRACT In pediatric emergency rooms (ERs), social workers must navigate diverse responsibilities including acting as advocates and liaisons between families and multidisciplinary treatment teams, providing compassionate support to families in crisis, and assessing for and reporting any suspicions of child abuse or neglect. These potentially contrasting roles can place social workers at the center of dealing with ethical dilemmas and advocating against ethical violations, such as bias and discrimination toward families. This qualitative study seeks to gain insight into ethical issues commonly encountered in pediatric ERs by exploring the perspectives of 23 social workers at Level 1 trauma centers in the United States. Thematic analysis was used to develop major themes and subthemes related to ethical violations, dilemmas, and best practices in pediatric ERs. Major themes emerged related to unfair treatment of families (with subthemes of bias, discrimination, and compassion fatigue), ethical dilemmas (with subthemes of cultural issues, safety and system issues), and promoting ethical practices (with subthemes of self-awareness, advocacy, and efforts to change the system). This study provides important insights into ethical issues in pediatric ERs as experienced by social workers and can inform efforts to improve the quality and equity of care for all families in pediatric ERs.

A mixed methods study of moral distress among frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study's purpose was to develop an understanding of factors affecting moral distress among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. California-licensed, registered nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients for at least 3 months were recruited for an explanatory concurrent mixed methods study. Data are derived from the first of two surveys administered 3 months apart, including open-ended questions. Variables with significant bivariate correlations were included as simultaneous predictors in a linear regression model predicting moral distress. The overall model was significant, explaining a substantial portion of the variance in moral distress, but results showed only organizational support and institutional betrayal uniquely predicted moral distress. Three qualitative themes were identified: Ethical Violations in Care, Institutional Betrayal, and Traumatic Strain. The impacts of organizational support and institutional betrayal on nurses' moral distress are important findings in both datasets. Findings provide insights into how nurses' experiences affected their feelings about work. Participants indicated feeling disregarded by management and institutional structures, indicating potential means of slowing the rates at which nurses plan to leave bedside practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

MODERN APPROACHES TO CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS

The article examines the essence and features of conflicts. Conflicts should be understood as a complex phenomenon that can be caused by various circumstances, contradictions between two or more parties, and is accompanied by mutual actions or disagreements and can have various consequences. The main features of conflict are given, which include: contradiction, mutual disagreement, interaction, tension, desire for influence and the need for a solution. The existing conflict theories were studied, in particular within the framework of systems theory (conflicts arise as a result of disagreements and imbalances in systems, in particular social, political and economic), functionalist theory (conflicts are considered as a normal and necessary part of social life) and social-psychological theory (conflicts arise as a result of disagreements interests (individual, group and intergroup). The main advantages and disadvantages of the considered theories are given. With the development of the theory of conflicts, their essence and meaning were rethought and considered from different points of view. It should be noted that until the 20th century, conflict was considered as an exclusively negative phenomenon, however , after the 20th century, views on its essence have changed, and it is considered from the point of view of positive content, which contributes not only to problems in the activities of organizations, but also to their development. Conflicts between guests and employees result in the form of various complaints, which are divided into the following categories: complaints about service, complaints about cleanliness and hygiene, complaints about technical problems, complaints about the quality of food in the establishment, complaints about accommodation and comfort, etc. The article lists the main conflict generators by manifestation and behavior (negative attitude, condescending attitude, boastful attitude, mentoring relationships, dishonesty and insincerity, ethical violations, regressive behavior) and by the field of manifestation (social, economic, political, cultural, psychological). The article describes the peculiarities of conflict management in the hotel and restaurant business, which are caused by a large number of interested parties, emotional tension, a variety of cultures and communications, and the presence of guests.

Research on Financial Fraud in the Supply Chain of NianFu Company Under Performance Commitment - From the Perspective of Business Ethics and Accounting Professional Ethics

With the vigorous development of China's economy, business ethics in the field of market economy has become the focus of social discussion. In recent years, cases of financial fraud to realize their interests are common, disrupting the healthy development of the capital market and damaging the vital interests of small and medium-sized investors. This paper takes the typical illegal case of the securities regulatory inspection in 2021 - the financial fraud case of the Nianfu supply chain as an example. First, the basic situation of the case is introduced; Secondly, it exposes the means of financial fraud and analyzes the motivation of fraud based on the triangle theory of financial fraud, and finds that enterprises commit financial fraud out of financing needs and under the pressure of performance commitment. Finally, it analyzes the behavior of financial fraud in violation of business ethics and accounting professional ethics, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

Human Trafficking- A Contemporary Form Of Slavery

Human trafficking is a growing menace which is ploughed into every country. The infection is so deeply rooted that it is an utter violation of sovereignty of any state by failure to observe the existing system of legal framework. Trafficking not only contravenes with the elemental human rights of an individual but is also a violation of ethics and morals a nation must hold in its essence. It is such a menace where the rights keep on violating throughout the vicious cycle and the misery never comes to an end. Trafficking here is compared with a ultra-modern form of slavery in the form of bonded labour, prostitution, domestic servitude and other kinds of toiling where thse victim has to act against his own will. No section of society or industry has remained untouched by trafficking. The victims are generally the people belonging to the economically disadvantaged section of society or those who lost their source of livelihood because of the natural calamities or armed conflicts. Some are even trapped by offering them a better standard of life. Human trafficking is on a boom in the entire world. It uses a variety of structures. The victims are pushed into organizations where they are unwillingly employed without any pecuniary benefit while the others are placed into such arrangements where they cannot seek help from anybody hence slamming the escape routes. The menace of human trafficking though spreading like a wildfire in the recent times but it was long established in the ancient India. It is nothing but a modern form of human subjugation. Earlier it was limited to the national boundaries but in the recent decades it has spread throughout the international borders. It does not only exert influence on the country of origin and destination but also leave its impact on the areas of transit. This paper deals with the offence of slavery in its modern sense which is human trafficking. It incorporates within itself a number of other offences that occur during the chain of transit.

Demonstrating ChatGPT possibilities for the libraries

The authors analyze the materials in librarianship generated with artificial intelligence (AI). They demonstrate that AI generates the texts very close to the common style and format of publications in the area. The goal of the article is to warn the users of the AI-generated works and possibly, to prevent violation of publishing ethics. The authors undertook comprehensive comparison to evaluate the quality and similarity of text materials, and application of the generated predictive text (GPT) technology in librarianship. The advantages and disadvantages of both approaches are revealed. The findings of the study are important to understand the AI capabilities and limitations in librarianship and to identify the contexts where the computerized systems are most efficient as compared to human authors. The ChatGPT is an excellent reference and complementary tool based on the accumulated samples. The materials created by ChatGPT are legally close to encyclopedic or dictionary entries, however, they have no actual author(s), i.e. these materials are independent creative works therefore they can hardly be protected by general copyright. The authors recommend to indicate the AIgenerated parts of works, argue that further development of juridical foundations for GPT materials is needed, and invite everyone to discussion.The study is accomplished within the framework of the NRU HSE Fundamental Studies Program.

Chat GPT from Educational, Legal and Ethical Perspectives in Indonesia

Objective: This article explores the concept of Chat GPT (Generative Pre-training Transformer) is an artificial intelligence that uses a conversation format. GPT chat is used in education. There are advantages to using Chat GPT, on the other hand, there are weaknesses in using Chat GPT. The problem in this Research is the consequences of using GPT Chat for academic circles from a legal and ethical perspective. Method: This Research uses a normative type of Research. The data used is secondary data that does not focus on field data. The secondary data used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Results and Conclusions: This Research concludes that the consequences of using GPT Chat for academics are seen from a legal and ethical perspective. GPT Chat has consequences for academics who commit ethical violations because it goes against the good things that humans believe. The use of GPT chat has consequences for academics deemed to have violated the law (copyright) if the use of academics' actions meets the qualifying elements of copyright infringement. Research Implications: This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of using Artificial Intelligence, especially Chat GPT in the field of education. This understanding will provide direction for determining policies related to ideal educational goals, namely educating sportsmanship, honesty and respect for the work of others.

The relationship between personal and professional goals and emotional state in academia: a study on unethical use of artificial intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a concept that has been a subfield of computer science since the 1950s. In recent years, with its growing development power, AI technologies have made significant progress and are now being used in many fields. Like in all areas, the use of AI technologies in academia has provided convenience to academics while also bringing ethical debates. In the literature part of the study, concepts such as AI, academia, academics and academic progress, ethics, ethical theories, academic ethics, and emotional states have been thoroughly examined and defined. In this study, starting from AI and scientific ethics, ethical issues arising from emotional states in academic research have been identified, and concrete solutions to these ethical issues have been proposed. The aim is to discuss the views of academics in order to determine what types of scientific ethical violations and prevention methods are involved. In this context, the semi-structured interview technique, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was preferred as the method. In the study, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 4 ethics experts and 4 psychology experts selected through snowball sampling technique. The data obtained through semi-structured in-depth interviews will be analyzed using content analysis. Within the context of the literature review and interviews: Ethics is based on the foundation of acting correctly. In this context, scientific ethics can be summarized as acting truthfully and honestly, not distorting data, and not trying to progress unfairly. The use of AI in academia is becoming increasingly widespread. From a positive perspective, this usage significantly contributes to making studies more practical. However, it can lead to problems such as unfair authorship, devaluation of human authorship, and incorrect data. The connection between academics' professional advancement goals and emotional states becomes prominent in this context. The potential of AI to facilitate progression can lead to unethical use. To prevent such situations, it is recommended to organize training sessions to increase professional awareness, internalize ethics personally, establish ethical committees specific to the field of AI, conduct more effective audits by academic publication and promotion committees, and implement specific regulations for AI. Finally, for future academic studies, it is suggested that the usage of AI in academic research be measured and evaluated by ethics experts. For psychologists, conducting surveys with academics to explore how they use AI in the context of their emotional states and professional advancement goals is recommended.

Violation of the Code of Ethics for Constitutional Judges in the Constitutional Court's Decision on Requirements for Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates

As a country based on legal principles, Indonesia has a responsibility to respect and prioritize the principles of the rule of law, including independence and the absence of partiality in the judicial system. The level of success in implementing this principle can be measured by the extent to which the judiciary is independent in carrying it out to realize justice based on the law. However, the power of the Constitutional Court (MK) cannot be avoided from criticism and evaluation. For example, a Constitutional Court decision attracted public attention regarding the requirements for presidential and vice presidential candidates. Therefore, this article discusses the impact of the controversy that emerged after the decision of the Constitutional Court (MK) in Case Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 on January 4 2023. This decision, which includes the cancellation of part of Law Number 7 of 2017, has raised various criticisms and doubts about the independence of the Constitutional Court. By focusing on the role of Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court Anwar Usman in minority opinions, this article analyzes the examination carried out by the Honorary Council of Constitutional Court Judges (MKMK) regarding alleged ethical violations. The implications for the credibility of the Constitutional Court as a democratic oversight institution are a major concern in this context.

Surreptitious Administration of Disulfiram Along with Its Implantation Leading toDisulfiram-associated Encephalopathy: A Case Report

Disulfiram is a US FDA–approved medication for the management of alcohol use disorder. However, compliance with disulfiram has been the Achilles’ heel of its efficacy. Implantation and surreptitious administration of disulfiram are two methods occasionally used to ensure disulfiram compliance. We present the case of a 45-year-old man who underwent disulfiram implantation. Upon consuming his first drink after this procedure, his wife administered him a hefty dose of disulfiram tablets surreptitiously. The patient subsequently developed a state of fluctuating orientation, marked impairment in attention and concentration, dyscalculia, along with memory and motor deficits. The diagnostic dilemma associated with such a presentation, along with the ethical violations and medical risks associated with implantation and surreptitious use, is discussed. Disulfiram-associated encephalopathy is a rare consequence of disulfiram use and was precipitated in this patient by the administration of disulfiram using the above methods.

Ethical Issues of Social Media in Nigeria

This study sought to analyse ethical concerns of social media in Nigeria. The theoretical framework adopted is the Source Credibility Theory. The study employed Critical Discourse Analysis. The population of the study consisted of the top four (4) social networking sites in Nigeria. Out of these, Twitter was purposively selected for its widespread use for youth activism, particularly within the context of the #EndSARS protest; and for being the only social media platform the federal government had temporarily banned for ethical violations. A convenient sample of ten (10) tweets, which included retweets with text and images posted both during and within 18 months after the protest, was used to collect secondary data. Findings demonstrated a mix of ethical and unethical use of Twitter within the context of the protest. The result also revealed that although Twitter is a credible source of information, there were instances of anonymous tweets, which cast some doubts on the credibility of that specific source. The study recommends that beyond social media regulations, there is a need for the promotion of media literacy in Nigeria’s workplaces and educational system. In addition, the form of self-regulation inherent in African ethics should be applied by users of social media to facilitate harmonious communication. This study has made a modest contribution in the area of source credibility theory by proposing a conceptual framework within the context of the study.