Moral Universe Research Articles

Evolution of death and immortality ideas from russian cosmism to synergy

In this paper, death and immortality ideas of Russian cosmists are in syncretic way put together with key ideas in postmodern philosophy. The problem considered in world philosophy on creating co-evolutionary conditions for the emergence of «immortal» man is illustrated by a wide variety of ideas and concepts. This paper contains innovative ideas of the Russian cosmists as the starting point of the research. Special attention is paid to the extraordinary teachings of N. F. Fedorov, who is the founder of Russian Cosmic philosophy. Using the system-diachronic method and technologies of ascending from the abstract to the concrete, the author compares the ideas of Russian cosmism with manifest concepts of modern philosophy (synergetics, phenomenology, transhumanism). The author also gives the most striking facts of discoveries of modern natural science and draws conclusions about ideas of Russian cosmists that have been put forward ahead of their time and retained their relevance and ontological potential until now. The paper presents the prospects for further studying the heritage of Russian cosmism to search for philosophical tools that could, without going beyond the limits of ethical universals, successfully combine the controversial theoretical directions of modern philosophy for the future positive practical development of society.

Freedom of speech in the context of desecrating the Qur’an with an emphasis on international law

Freedom of speech has different scientific, logical and international definitions and it is one of the main foundations of human rights. On the international level, the question of human rights and freedom of speech is mentioned in different documents from which common indicators may be identified such as the unrestricting through restrictions, and unrestrictedness not even in the case of insulting and useless speech as long as it does not cross the allowable boundaries of freedom, etc. However, some limitations are emphasized in international documents when it comes to freedom, such as the explicitness of law in the prohibition of actions by which the rights and freedoms of others are endangered. In discussion of the recent desecration of the sanctity of Muslims in Europe and the repetition of those actions, exactly this question is used as a basis for the non-confrontation with the burning of the Qur’an and the repetition of that action. That happens despite the fact that it is logical that freedom of speech cannot lead to insults and the bringing of harm to others. Excluding the rational, religious and ethical observations in judging the desecration of the sacred, especially of a great religion such as Islam, which can lead to the prompting of hatred, encouragement to violence and discrimination, in international documents every type of action which leads to prompting, discrimination, animosity and violence is forbidden, but on the other hand, the practice of some European countries to forbid the question of burning the Qur’an can become grounds for canonical systems of other countries to proclaim the prohibition of this act. As a result of that, in the canonical sense and in the voluminous form it is proclaimed and accepted that if the application of the laws of freedom of speech function as a threat to the general good and common interests, it is the duty of countries to intervene and to act so that they may limit these foundational rights. With this in mind, the principle of support of “the common good” and “universal ethics” are the interests which may be used to limiting the freedoms of speech and human rights. It cannot be the case, that while expressing worry out of the indefinity of the category of limiting the freedom of speech which bends towards dictatorship and repression, that the definitive category of human consciousness and logical ethic is to be ignored, as well as that the duty of respect towards the convictions of others and the respect of humanity to be disregarded. Key words: human rights, freedom of speech, universal ethics, the burning of the Qur’an, international law and the covenant of human rights.

Цивилизационный субъект в ХХI в. и моральный универсализм

The article is devoted to some reflections on how a civilizational subject should behave in the conditions of the degradation of Western culture that has emerged in the 21st century and the resurrection of the idea of essentially tribal or ethnic separatism in the world community. At the same time, the coming era is characterized by the philosophical justification of the “truth” of the golden billion, the realization of which involves the disappearance of seven billion human lives. The thinking of the last century led humanity to a global catastrophe, to the closing of the path to truth. The affirmation of the real truth of global geopolitics as the design of the will to power as the original absolute truth was a consequence of the recognition of the death of God as a stream of non-truth of a metaphysical idea. The author believes that the main element of the direction of the current situation is moral universalism, which develops into universal philosophical truth. Such universalism unites people with their ethnic, national and other differences. This universalism of the truth of being is based of a real policy of harmonization of human relations, combining the civilizational reconstruction of industrial and social life with its adaptation to environmental practice, ensuring the preservation of nature and humans. The author draws on the cultural ideas of Eastern and Western philosophers: Nishida Kitaro, Hobbes, Hegel, Bergson, Heidegger, Schelling, Rosenzweig.

Этические риски в практике искусственного интеллекта

The article raises the question of the relationship between the practice of artificial intelligence and universal ethics. The topic is fundamentally important, since a person and society that have lost their ethical foundations are deprived of their humanity. The ethics of scientists, designers, high-level managers play a decisive role in modern processes of development and application of artificial intelligence. In their activities, an ethic of responsibility develops, originating from the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, published in 1955 in the conditions of a nuclear standoff during the Cold War. The article shows the modern indescribably rapid growth and development of artificial intelligence applications in the practical life of people. Attention is drawn to the fact of the presence of uncertainty in situations of practical application of artificial intelligence, the presence of unforeseen consequences in addition to the expected consequences, who is responsible for those consequences (individuals, corporations, governments). The responsibility lies with the one who decides on the action: the actor. The actor is in a situation of ethical risk. It is shown that the risk increases due to a number of circumstances: 1) a variety of applications; 2) uncontrolled rampant growth; 3) difficulties in tracking the empirical situation of application; 4) difficulties in theoretical analysis of the situation of action. The article focuses on the risks of the practice of peaceful use of remotely piloted aircraft, as well as their military use and automated weapons without operator confirmation. The sharp, apparently exponential growth of information technology, the practical implementation of artificial intelligence, puts people in a difficult situation, an ethical situation: what to choose ‘to have or to be’. Or is there a third choice?

What Pak Chiwŏn Missed : Tall Tales of the Panchen Lama at Qing Chengde

Pak Chiwŏn’s brush talks with the Qing literati documented in his celebrated travelogue, Yŏrha Ilgi or Jehol Diary, written after his trip to Qing Chengde in 1780 serves not only as a window on particular episodes that took place during important events, but also a wealth of information on Qing society, culture, and, more important, its people’s ideas, understanding, and perspectives on the overall socio-political issues from ethnic discrimination against the Han Chinese to literary inquisition, a severe censorship on writings. This essay focuses on brush talks concerning Tibetan Buddhism and aims to make sense of the Qing literati’s narratives about the Panchen Lama and what Pak Chiwŏn failed to see. A closer look into the brush talks reveals that the Qing subjects from other parts of the empire outside of the Tibetan region were fixated to their own misunderstanding and imaginations on what Tibetan Buddhism could be which they had forged by squeezing it into the framework of existing discourses in their regions of residence. However, considering the autonomy exercised by the Qing constituents in buying into such narratives about the Tibetan Buddhism and the Lama, it is worth noting that they were making sense of the Qing emperor’s action on their own terms as his constituents. In this essay, I argue that what Pak Chiwŏn missed when he entertained rumor, myth, legend, and tall tale about the Panchen Lama was that the Qing literati had already made a central space for the Qing emperor in their moral universe.

Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif, Inovatif, Kreatif, Efektif, dan Menyenangkan terhadap Hasil Belajar PAK-BP Siswa Kelas IX Di SMP Katolik Gonzaga Tomohon

This study aims to find out how PAIKEM learning strategies are applied to class IX students at Gonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle School in the subject of Catholic Religious Education and Moral Education (PAK-BP), and to determine whether or not there is an influence between PAIKEM learning strategies on PAK learning outcomes. -BP class IX student at Gonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle School. The research method used is a quantitative research method with a survey approach and is a type of causal associative research that aims to determine whether or not there is an influence or relationship between the independent variable (X) on the dependent variable (Y). The research sample in this study amounted to 88 respondents obtained by calculating the Slovin formula. Validity and reliability tests were carried out using IBM SPSS 16 For window and all questionnaire items and tests distributed were declared valid and reliable. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence between PAIKEM learning strategy variables on PAK- BP learning outcomes of class IX students at Gonzaga Tomohon Catholic Middle School with a correlation coefficient of determination of 0.443 with a percentage of 44.3% and is in the medium category with a significance of 0.000. The PAIKEM learning strategy belongs to the very good category with an average score of 83.06 on a scale of 20-80. PAK-BP learning outcomes of class IX students belong to the high category with an average score of 85.82. This shows that there is an influence between the independent variables on the dependent variable with a contribution of 44.3% and the remaining 55.7% is influenced by other factors. Based on this research, the better the PAIKEM learning strategy is applied, the better the PAK-BP learning outcomes obtained by students.

Environmental ethics and possibility studies

Possibilities are not neutral. Our engagement with the possible – the possibilities we value and the possibilities we ignore – will, to a degree, always be constrained by the moral universe we inhabit. Philosophy has always been concerned with normative questions – how should we live, what should we value? With growing inequality, rapid and potentially destructive technological development, and multiple environmental crises, the limits of traditional ethical and political philosophies are becoming apparent, particularly in areas focused on novel technologies and the environment. There can be an extremely fruitful dialogue between Possibility Studies and environmental ethics in examining the possibility of realising novel ethical frameworks to help us navigate the myriad problems of the world.

The psychoanalytic frame and the consent situation: the child patient’s position in the publication dilemma

ABSTRACT The author explores the current dilemma regarding consent standards for the publication of child patient clinical material, and the psychic impact on the child when seeking permission to publish. It is proposed that a psychoanalytic view creates an additional dimension to the more universal ethic of ‘do no harm’, requiring clinicians to consider the unconscious experience of the patient as the core of the matter. The term consent situation is introduced to describe the way in which providing a draft of the clinician’s writing about the patient’s experience in treatment, and then asking the patient and family for permission to publish it, subjects them to external realities of an oedipal nature, compromising the frame around the treatment, and the vital cycle of the containing function in the treatment. The frame could potentially be compromised from the beginning in the form of a leaky container, during the treatment as a betrayal of the frame, or after the treatment has ended as an intrusion into the containing object. The author shows how this is a burden to all young patients that could be collectively carried by the professional community, by using creative modifications to systems of professional development and publishing.

The Abuse of Conscience: A Century of Catholic Moral Theology by Matthew Levering, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2021, pp. viii + 360, £36.99, hbk

New BlackfriarsVolume 104, Issue 1111 p. 387-389 Review THE ABUSE OF CONSCIENCE: A CENTURY OF CATHOLIC MORAL THEOLOGY by Matthew Levering, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2021, pp. viii + 360, £36.99, hbk DAVID GOODILL OP, DAVID GOODILL OP Blackfriars, OxfordSearch for more papers by this author DAVID GOODILL OP, DAVID GOODILL OP Blackfriars, OxfordSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/nbfr.12828Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume104, Issue1111May 2023Pages 387-389 RelatedInformation

Book Review: The Abuse of Conscience: A Century of Catholic Moral Theology by Matthew Levering

Book Review: <i>The Abuse of Conscience: A Century of Catholic Moral Theology</i> by Matthew Levering

Americanizing the Scandinavian Super Underdog in Eighteen Film Remakes

Americanizing the Scandinavian Super Underdog in Eighteen Film Remakes

Reflecting and Advancing the Transformation: Catholic Theological Ethics and the Journal of Religious Ethics, 1973–2023

ABSTRACTThis essay considers how the JRE has engaged Catholic ethics in the last 50 years and how the concerns of Catholic ethics during this period of exceptional change are reflected and developed in the JRE. It discusses the transformation of Catholic ethics by focusing on the transitions: (i) from classical to historical consciousness; (ii) from an essentialist concept of human nature to a dynamic concept of the moral subject; (iii) from abstract to contextual moral reason; and (iv) from a discourse that ignored the politics of power to one that reckons with it, analyzing the distinct ways in which the JRE engaged with these transformations. It concludes by looking to the future and suggests that a deeper engagement with the breadth of Catholic ethics internationally may help advance the Journal's mission and that a fuller interaction with the comparative and humanistic dimensions of the JRE's mission will enhance Catholic ethics.

Bioethics in a transformation society on the example of the legal regulation

The article is devoted to bioethical problems that exist in a transformational society. The most important issues are considered, including organ and tissue transplantation, use of embryonic and stem cells for the treatment, gene therapy, in vitro fertilization, cloning, etc. It is emphasized that along with scientific progress there are deep transformations connected with this process in the socio-psychological and cultural spheres, the reason for which is the penetration into mass culture and the mentality of new ideas, conceptions and terms. Emphasis was placed on the need to create a DNA database of servicemen, which is especially relevant during the wartime in Ukraine. Attention is drawn to the need to create special legislation for quality legal regulation of surrogacy, which is especially relevant today. The problems of biomedical transformations and their conflict became the subject of consideration by scientists. Recent studies are devoted to a number of issues related to updating the understanding of the determinants of bioethics in various directions. First of all, attention should be paid to the genesis of the basic standards of bioethics. T. Beauchamp and J. Childress in many editions and reprints have transformed the understanding of the problem over forty years, and it is now agreed that it should be considered within four broad moral principles: respect for autonomy, benevolence, and justice. They can and should be seen as arising historically and philosophically from general morality, as universal morality (as opposed to pure relativism or pluralism) gradually became an integral part of the principled approach. Taking into account all the latest trends in the field of biomedicine, the purpose of this article is to address the problem of the development of biomedical legal standards in Ukraine and the issues of combining them with national identity in the current conditions of the pandemic crisis. The relevance of this topic is important for several reasons: it can serve as a basis for a comparative analysis of the practical application of biomedical legal standards; the example of Ukraine is valuable as an experimental benchmark of the legal policy of the states of the former USSR for the analysis of the development of the post-Soviet socio-legal and cultural sphere; will make it possible to interpret identity in the context of globalized changes.

Representing and Implementing Moral Values to Foreign Students in Indonesian Textbooks for Learners Other Than Indonesians

The textbook "Sahabatku Indonesia" published by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia in 2019 has an important position for foreign students who are studying Indonesian. This book consists of 7 series. The book contains information about practical communication rules and exercises in Indonesian. In the communication training material various discourse units are presented which contain information on Indonesian culture. One aspect of culture that is taught is the moral aspect that accompanies language activities. This study aims to describe the representation and implementation of moral values introduced to foreign students in textbooks. These moral values come from moral values that are unique to the Indonesian nation and also universal morals. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. The data source for this research is the 7 book series “My Indonesian Friends”. The data is in the form of written verbal units containing moral values and sometimes illustrations are added to accompany the communication exercises. Data were analyzed using content analysis and supported by Appraisal Theory (AT) to see aspects of moral values. This finding illustrated that on "Sahabatku Indonesia" textbook emphasizes inculcating moral values of learners in maintaining harmony and social interactions harmony in their living environment. The moral values contained in the text are as many as 13 moral themes. The implementation in the book can be found in the form of narrative text and picture illustrations. Understanding those moral values made a meaningful contribution to curriculum developers and textbook writers as a basis for consideration in determining their policies.

Beyond Moral Reasoning Scores: Life Story Interviews and the Interpersonal Nature of Advertising

The current study is the first to report N2 Defining Issues Test (DIT) moral reasoning scores and life-story interviews of advertising executives perceived as ethical leaders. Combining N2 scores with in-depth moral justifications provides a detailed view of morality to better understand what normatively appropriate behavior is, both in and outside of advertising, and how it develops. Scores reflect the preference to apply universal moral principles, especially when depicting strategic communication scenarios, yet there is less preference for universal moral reasoning when personal interest justifications are also considered. Life stories provide evidence of introspection and growth in response to adversity and ethical breaches; situational moral reasoning reflective of the human-centric, empathetic, and interpersonal nature of advertising; and a desire to do social good representative of empathy in action.

The Concept “Soul” and its Translingual Background (a Close Reading of Mourner’s Kaddish and Aleinu Prayer)

Aleinu, a prayer that initially left us with questions, contains interesting qualities. It comprises the text that has changed its tone over generations. Having become more peaceful and perhaps accepting, Aleinu has kept its power to bind Jewish people together as a reminder to praise God collectively. Co-existence of both particularistic and universalistic themes in such a short piece of liturgy is quite a powerful thing. While preserving the very kernel of Jewish theology (oneness of God and His connection with Jewish people) the text of Aleinu goes further and suggests a very brave idea which signifies an ability of all to understand universal ethics. The historic association of Aleinu with stoicism of Jewish people in the face of tragedy creates an additional dimension for understanding of the meaning of the prayer as a source of hope and comfort. When S. Sulzer created his light melody the most communities know today, he realized the re-assuring spiritual potential of Aleinu.

Economies of attention and the design of viable tourism futures

ABSTRACT The present article focuses on three dominant forms of crisis in the twenty-first century (terrorism, climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic) that challenge tourism as a viable activity and sector. Through epistemological/methodological blends of compatible arguments from the sociology of knowledge (Karl Mannheim's notion of world-vision or Weltanschauung, which emphasises planetary ways of knowing), the new mobilities paradigm (Sheller's suggestion that such ‘knowing' also produces often competing positionalities and communities in research) and scholarship on the worldmaking powers of tourism (Hollinshead's and Hollinshead and Suleman's suggestion that knowing about tourism comes to life when it is enunciated as a reality), it investigates ‘affective refrains': recurring scholarly discourses about crises in the sector, which are endowed with affective qualities (Felix Guattari’s approach to preconscious formations of feelings). Such refrains, which are both prepersonal and structured like collective imaginaries, shed light on the core ethical and moral universes that are supported by their authors. Whereas the nature of the themes covered by these authors is the modus operandi of the scholarly community to which they claim membership. But more importantly, the styles they use to intensify the attention of audiences/readerships to these styles organises the powers of affective persuasion into a paradigm.

Promotion of the Catholic family in crisis situations. Analysis taking into account the canonical order

The concept of a Catholic family can be explained by its membership in the Church, as well as by its relationship with the sacraments (with God's grace), etc. Its vocation is the community of life of a woman and a man (communio personarum), formed by a sacramental marriage and having children. Such a community enjoys normative (canonical) care and promotion in the legal order of the Catholic Church. This is particularly important when the Magisterium of the Church comes into contact with gender ideology, or secular culture in general (and this is the status quo of the issue). The author of the analysis indicated the most important elements that (in his opinion) are of particular importance for this confrontation. He analyzed in particular those aspects which in the doctrine of the Church are called crisis ones. The aim was to show in what direction the canonical defense of faith, morality, spiritual good, etc. goes (or should go, from the point of view of Catholic ethics). It was about situations where a party practicing the Catholic faith wants to enter into marriage with an unbaptized person or with a notorious apostate faith, i.e. a formal apostate, etc. Here, the Church, apart from the traditional guarantee of faith, demands something more, being (due to the emerging threats of losing faith by a practicing nupturient) reluctant to mixed relationships and similar.

Health Systems Need to Transform Data Collection to Advance Health Equity.

Health Systems Need to Transform Data Collection to Advance Health Equity.

ACR Presidential Address: Rheumatologists-Folks You Can Trust.

ACR Presidential Address: Rheumatologists-Folks You Can Trust.