Ethical System Research Articles

Historical and Аnthropological Сontext and Рersonal Image in the Persian-Tajik Literature of the Heyday Period (X–XIII Centuries)

Тhe study presents an analysis of a unique civilizational phenomenon: the Iranian-Tajik literature of the heyday period (X-XIII centuries), its historical and social environment. The article is rather staged in nature and anticipates the author’s intention to conduct a broader historical and comparative comparison of the epic and artistic works of the peoples of the Indo–Iranian world, of which the Ossetian ethnos is also a part. This research is the initial stage of the planned research, its introductory part. The possibilities of one journal publication allow us to turn to the analysis of Persian literature on the example of only the most prominent representatives of the period of its heyday: Firdousi, Omar Khayyam, Saadi, Rumi. The study provides a brief substantive analysis of the creativity of these authors by the main ideological categories: the semantic context of the eternal confrontation between good and evil; views on the concept of power and the image of the “good king”; understanding of physical labor, humanistic meanings of human existence; religion, love. The specificity of the article is the scientific interest in the socio-cultural orientation of the artistic creativity of medieval poets who wrote in Farsi, its aesthetics, moral motivation, value characteristics and the general historical and anthropological content of the sung ideals. Having settled at the crossroads of trade routes and cultural influences, the Iranians were distinguished by genuine loyalty and at the same time unique civilizational stability. The indescribable charm of Persian literature reflected the influence of various ideological, philosophical, religious, moral and ethical systems and ancient beliefs. But the main focus is still on the “Iranian world’s” own refraction of this unique cultural and ethical symbiosis.

Etika i timotika u romanima Dostojevskog / Ethics and Thymos in Dostoevsky's Novels

The purpose of this paper is to comprehend the complex ethical picture of Dostoevsky through his great novels Crime and Punishment, The Idiot, Notes from Underground, and The Brothers Karamazov. Along with the numerous topics that Dostoevsky tackles in his novels, which are directly related to the history of European ethics, his idea of absolute humanism – thymos – remains evident in his entire work. In that sense, this paper will try to provide answers as to how Dostoevsky’s work relates to some great philosophers and their ethical systems, what kind of relationship it has with Christian morality, and finally, how it relates to secular humanist ethics. In order to tackle different and conflicting ideas, this paper will show that Dostoevsky’s opus must be read with the awareness that two opposite views on the same subject do not imply reality decomposition, but a statement about its essence, and obvious truth.

Strengthening research ethics governance and regulatory oversight in Central America and the Dominican Republic in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study

BackgroundGood governance and regulatory supervision are required to conduct research in an international public health emergency context and to ensure compliance with ethical standards. The “Strengthening research ethics governance and regulatory oversight in Central America and the Dominican Republic in response to the COVID-19 pandemic” study is a regional effort in which research ethics stakeholders participated in addressing research ethics governance and preparedness response challenges to the COVID-19 pandemic in Central America and the Dominican Republic.MethodsA qualitative action research study was conducted following a participatory approach. Research ethics stakeholders in Central America and the Dominican Republic were mapped; a regional webinar and three virtual workshops were conducted discussing research ethics governance, ethics review and collaborative research practice during the pandemic. A roundtable session presented results and obtained feedback on a draft of a policy to strengthen regional research ethics governance.ResultsCountries across Central America and the Dominican Republic are at different stages in their development of research ethics systems. Countries with more established systems before COVID-19 were better organized and prepared to respond. This finding argues against improvisation and supports further work on strengthening governance of research ethics systems. Community engagement in research ethics public policy-making is practically absent in the region. Research and research ethics collaboration schemes are lacking amongst the countries; however, there are incipient initiatives in the region, such as the Central America and Caribbean Network of Research Ethics Committees. A policy brief with recommendations on how to advance towards strengthening the governance of research ethics systems was prepared and submitted to the Central American Integration System for analysis and possible approval.ConclusionNational research ethics systems in Central America and the Dominican Republic were unprepared to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to research oversight and effective collaboration. In most cases, national research ethics systems were found to be weak, and regional research collaboration was practically absent. To promote collaboration, a joint strategy needs to be developed with a regional vision towards sharing knowledge and best practices.

The Role of English on International Business Growth and Social Inequality

Our aim is to investigate the concept in previous research on Human Capital Concept in Education and Economics. We use Content Analysis to compile scientific articles from emerald, Science Direct, and Korean science as well as books written by experts in the field of English Education and Marketing. Digitalization is very important for companies and society to adapt. This digitalization is forcing organizations to explore new possibilities while continuing to use existing technologies in established companies. Companies need a marketing system to support the business. The ethical marketing system adopts an attitude that is consistent with the ethical and sustainable marketing concept and demonstrates courteous and ethical behavior to increase sales. English as an international language also plays an important role in supporting international marketing. The English education system has an impact on increasing the ability of students to use English

Future Leaders' Ethical Behavior Development Using Boricua College's Affective Development Model

Business students have witnessed a decline in moral and ethical leadership in organizations, as reported by the media. Even though there has been increased awareness, unethical leadership continues to rise, requiring the need to slow the progression of future business leaders' tendency to be unethical by training them to develop ethical value systems as undergraduates. Although there is much debate about whether business students should receive ethical training, the main issue is its teaching. The researcher in this study explores developing students' affective domain using the Boricua Colleges' Business Administration Differentiation of Personal and Professional Values course. The course focuses on students developing their mental and emotional states by deconstructing the constructs of ethics to develop ethical value systems. The researcher explored this course as a possible link to address what is missing from the Business Administration curriculum to support developing ethical business students in their behaviors and decision-making.

A Study of Relativistic Theory of Ethics in the Light of Islamic Theory of Morality

Every civilization has a system of ethics that defines their values and morality. The basic concepts of "Good" and "Evil" are also derived from that system. This system of ethics gains its inspiration from the world view of that particular civilization. Islam, like all other religions, also give a complete moral code for its believers. Qur’ān and the Sunnah here is the only criterion for determining the basic principles of the Ethics of Islam and hence morality in Islam is objective as well as absolute. In the post-modern world however, the morality and value system that got endorsed by Postmodernist thinkers is relative and subjective instead of absolute and objective. Morality here is largely considered as relative as well as subjective and hence vary with change in time and space. It can also undergo through evolution and no act or concept can be judged here on some absolute criterion. This “Relativism” and “Subjectivism” potentially challenge all the traditional schools of ethics. This paper would study whether this relativistic theory of ethics have any compatibility with Islamic fundamentals regarding ethics. This research paper is based on descriptive method along with primordial focus on Moral Relativism.
 Keywords: Epistemology, Islamic value system, Meta-narratives, Moral relativism, Postmodernism, pluralism

Barriers to effective supply chain management: The case of a metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Cape

Background: Supply chain management (SCM) is presented as a panacea and an invaluable tool for addressing service delivery glitches in institutions. Noncompliance with SCM legislation by municipalities remains high, with fruitless, irregular, unauthorised and wasteful expenditure, resulting in weak financial governance in many municipalities in South Africa.Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the barriers to effective SCM in a metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Cape and to identify the best practices to improve SCM.Methods: A qualitative research approach was used to explore the barriers to effective SCM in a metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. The sample size consists of 14 sampled participants. Data were collected from in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used in cleaning, organising and interpreting the findings. Credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability measures were used to promote trustworthiness.Results: This study’s findings established that there were systemic and operational challenges which stifled the smooth operation of the SCM system. The SCM was characterised by weak ethical systems, lack of well-experienced personnel and poor implementation and monitoring of SCM systems and policies.Conclusion: There is need for necessary institutional and systemic transformations and adaptations to SCM practices and processes. This calls for leadership commitment, coupled with concerted efforts to transform and overhaul lethargic institutional systems and practices, so as to decisively stamp out SCM unethical conduct by public officials and address public financial management hurdles, as well as the root causes of poor audit outcomes.Contribution: This article contributes to a better understanding of new public management and principal–agent public sector accountability. Accountability, with its close affinities to risk compensation theory, resource dependence theory, trust and dimensional publicness theory, is anchored on a results-oriented government culture emphasising better performance, better accountability and better transparency.

Ethical leadership, management control systems and circular economy in SMEs in an emerging economy, the UAE

Prior literature on the transition to a circular economy has focused primarily on societal, institutional, and technical levels and has paid less attention to people- and organization-driven factors such as leadership and management control. Further, few studies have considered the circular economy in the context of small and medium enterprises in emerging economies. Thus, through this empirical study, we aim to fill these research gaps by investigating the concurrent effects of ethical leadership and management control systems on the extent of the circular economy in small and medium-sized enterprises in the United Arab Emirates. The survey data were collected from 111 enterprises. We performed a confirmatory factor analysis to validate the instrument and tested the theoretical model through structural equation modelling. The findings support our theoretical propositions and show that both ethical leadership and management control systems are positively associated with the extent of circular economy practices in these enterprises. Interestingly, our findings demonstrate that management control systems fully mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and the extent of the circular economy. The results suggest that ethical leadership requires the support of management control systems to convey its positive effects in terms of circular economy practices. Overall, the findings help explain how ethical leadership and management control systems are important driving mechanisms for enabling small and medium enterprises to deploy a circular economy effectively. The implications of these findings for research and practice are also discussed.

Autonomy: How it has become problematic for medicine

AbstractThis essay arises from the current state of the American medical system. Neither patients nor practitioners are satisfied. This essay focuses on an important source of discontent, the dependence on ethical principlism which is unsupported by a moral virtue. This ethical system is bounded by no recognition of telos of medicine and no articulation of how medicine can advance human flourishing. This essay explores how principlism, and autonomy in particular, attained a dominant stature, and how it damaged patient–practitioner relationships. This essay will conclude with a brief description about the potential benefits of covenantal relationships in medicine.

Yapay Zekâ Etiği: Toplum Üzerine Etkisi

Yapay zekâ sistemlerini, günümüzde toplumun temel rollerine hizmet eden, birçok uygulama alanında bizlere fayda sağlayan ve gelecek yıllarda belki biz insanlara ihtiyaç duymadan, özerk kararlar alabilen sistemler olarak tanımlayabiliriz. Yapay zekâlı sistemlerin giderek daha fazla özerklikle, yani daha az insan denetimi ile çalışabilmesi için öncelikle etik yapılarının oluşturulması gerekmektedir. Etik yapay zekâ, bireysel haklar, mahremiyet, eşitlik ve ön yargı yapmama gibi temel değerlerle ilgili iyi tanımlanmış etik yönergelere bağlı kalan yapay zekâdır. Yapay zekâ etik uygulamaları, kuruluşların daha verimli çalışmasına, daha temiz ürünler üretmesine, zararlı çevresel etkileri azaltmasına, kamu güvenliğini artırmasına ve insan sağlığını iyileştirmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Etik olmayan yapay zekâ uygulamaları ise toplum için ciddi zararlı etkilere neden olabilecektir. Bu olumsuz etkileri sorumlu bir şekilde yönetmek ve yapay zekâ sistemlerini toplum yararına yönlendirmek için en önemli çözüm, etik yapay zekâ sistemlerinin geliştirilmesidir. Son yıllarda akademi, endüstri, hükümet ve sivil toplum tarafından yapay zekâ etiği ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar bir temel sağlamaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, yapay zekâ etiği ve toplum üzerine etkisi, iş gücü piyasası, eşitsizlik, gizlilik ve ön yargı konu başlıkları üzerinde tartışılıp, olası risklere ve tehditlere dikkat çekilmekte ve çözümü için önerilerde bulunulmaktadır.

Hospitality's ethical values and unethical employee behaviour: The mediating roles of work values and the moderating role of perceived organisational support.

In recent years, hotels have occasionally engaged in unethical behaviour. This has become an urgent problem that requires a solution. Based on social exchange theory, this study constructs a theoretical model of the relationship between hospitality's ethical values and unethical behaviour. According to 543 questionnaires, the findings indicate that hospitality's ethical values negatively affect the unethical behaviour of employees. Work values played a part in the intermediary role between the two, and perceived organisational support significantly positively moderated the relationship between hospitality's ethical values and unethical behaviour. By exploring the logical relationship between hotels' and employees' morality, this study expands the research content and theoretical framework of unethical employee behaviour and helps to bridge the work values of hotels and individuals. Furthermore, it helps to build a good hotel ethical value system, which can effectively reduce and suppress the emergence of unethical employee behaviour.

A Preliminary Study of The Ethical of The Spirit of The Chinese Women's Volleyball Teamfrom The Perspectiveof Traditional Chinese Taoism and Confucianism

The spirit of Chinese women's volleyball team in the new era, in which the motherland comes first, unity and cooperation, tenacity and perseverance, and never giving up, is a concentrated expression of the spirit of sports of the Chinese nation and a manifestation of the pursuit of the values of modern sports civilization. It is thought-provoking whether traditional Chinese culture has the ethical system to support the formation of the Chinese women's volleyball spirit. This study takes this as the base point and uses theories related to history, ethics, logic and culture, as well as literature and interviews, to analyse the traditional Chinese Confucian ethical system behind the spirit of women's volleyball. The study concludes that traditional Chinese Confucian ethics is closely linked to the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball, and provides the inner logic for the formation of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball, the basic guidelines for the practice of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball, and multiple forms for the expression of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball. The inner logic of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball team is rooted in the Confucian idea of "establishing virtue, merit and speech"; the basic guideline for the practice of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball is the Taoist core idea of "doing nothing and "Defending the center"; The spirit of Chinese women's volleyball is manifested in various forms, including a positive attitude towards life, respect for the elderly, respect for teachers and a sense of righteousness in the face of profit, the pursuit of the spirit of "If a man in the morning hear the right way, he may die in the evening without regret", and a sense of national responsibility to "love the motherland and build a successful career".

Flower production prospects and sustainability challenges in Ethiopia: A systematic review

The people, planet, and profit sustainability concerns emerged as a novel concept in the ethical business governance system in the floriculture industry. In Ethiopia, however, the sectoral sustainability concern is in its infant stage. Currently, the floriculture industry faced many criticisms because its improper cultivation greatly worsened social well-being and the environment. Therefore, the industry needs to examine the current findings about sustainability and explain the apparent discrepancies. As a result, a systematic review was conducted to analyze the sustainability challenges in the floriculture business and its impact on the environment and society. Relevant studies were collected using the Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Gray literature search from private and governmental institutions was also conducted. Papers outside the topic’s scope or published articles with a weak methodology setup and numerous editorial issues were eliminated. While documents with high relevance to the topic of interest were used as inclusion criteria. Accordingly, 80 articles through databases and 29 papers via gray literature search were collected and chosen for synthesis. In this article, therefore, the Ethiopian floriculture industry sustainability challenges were analyzed along with various empirical findings. The effects of unsustainable flower farming on society, soil and water health were also enclosed. The underlying factors that led to sectoral sustainability problems were addressed and used as debating points for discussion. The paper also contributes to the scientific discussion by highlighting the areas that need further study and the policy ramifications of sustainability in the flower business.

Sexuality education and religion: From dialogue to conversation

AbstractThe relationship between sexuality education and religion is often framed antagonistically, especially when it comes to tensions between the teaching of sexuality education and the priorities of some religious communities. In this paper, we argue that this antagonism can be structured as much by the prevalent forms of engagement that display it (dialogue and debate), as it is by the antagonism between contrasting ethical systems. While we acknowledge the importance of debate and dialogue in the public sphere, we contend that appeals to these discursive forms in schools and classrooms can limit possibilities for rethinking engagements across sexuality education and religion. This is because of the tendency within certain manifestations of dialogue (for example, dialogical models connected to liberal political projects) to err on the side of predictability, rationality and abstraction. To address some of these limits, we draw on the recent turn to conversation in educational thinking. We think through the significance of conversation in offering a mode of engagement for students, teachers and school communities that is conditioned by the dispossession of the self and is attuned to the unpredictable, affective and contextual landscapes of shared encounters. We conclude with some thoughts on the practical implications of conversation for rethinking the role of the sexuality education teacher, practices of parental consultation and processes of policy enactment in schools.

Relasi Hukum Dan Moral Dalam Sistem Penegakan Etika Penyelenggara Pemilihan Umum Di Indonesia

Legal positivism overshadows the legal system applied in Indonesia in the legal concept of"rechtstaat", according to valid legal positivism is a formalized law, law is not a social or moralfact that must be avoided by non-legal elements. The doctrine of positivism was born as arejection of the school of natural law, they rejected the laws of nature because they wereconsidered too metaphysical and idealistic, thus failing to provide legal certainty. On the otherhand, if positivism separates law from morality, the current of natural law argues that society,morality, and positive law are inseparable. Mainstream positivism is interesting to studytogether with the Indonesian socio-cultural context in a system that supports the ethics ofelection organizers. Using normative legal methods, this study examines how legal and moralrelations support the ethical system of Indonesian election organizers. The results of this studyconcluded that in the ethical enforcement system of Indonesian election organizers, therelationship between law and morality in the context of legal substance shows an integrativerelationship, and there cannot be attached a constitutional difference between morality and law.Even the value in Election Organizer Regulation Number 2 of 2017 and DKPP RegulationNumber 3 of 2017, DKPP Regulation 3 is amended by DKPP Regulation Number 3 of 2019 asa formal law that is taken into account as a moral right. However, in its implementation in thefield, the integrative relationship becomes an independent whole, giving rise to two differentinstitutions, each independent in its handling, regarding ethical violations and lawlessness.

Ethical reference systems in political discourses: A comparison between the messages to the population of the heads of state of France, Germany and Romania at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic

The global Covid-19 pandemic has caused a number of unprecedented actions at the political level. In order to argue the need for the extraordinary measures that restricted social life, the heads of state addressed the population through explanatory, justifying, but also mobilizing speeches. This paper analyses the speeches given to the nation in March 2020, at the beginning of the pandemic, by the heads of state of three countries in the European Union: France, Germany and Romania. The main objective of the study was to identify the ethical reference systems to which the speakers appealed, and the method used was thematic discourse analysis. The study shows that the three heads of state used in their messages to the population, in a distinct way, ethical systems and frames of reference such as history, homeland, nation, European Union, humanity, democracy. The paper discusses in detail the ways in which these reference systems appear in the speeches, what aspects emphasized and eluded the speakers, as well as the similarities and differences revealed by the thematic analysis between the three discourses.

The Ethical Dilemma of Social Violence Under the View Valve of Habermas' Communication Theory and Its Correction Path: A Case Study of "Tangshan Beating Incident"

Late capitalism alienated the ethics of social communication, and the reconstruction of the "normative basis" of social communication, according to Habermas, lies in the return of noumenon to the "life world", and the occurrence of "communication behavior" in accordance with linguistic rationality, mutual respect, and dilution of instrumental rationality. The "Tangshan beating incident" as the typical social violence broke through the bottom line of the social ethics system based on the sensibility of rule by virtue and the rationality of rule by law, so that the people's "sense of security" in social communication was seriously threatened, specifically manifested as the individual "life world" was invaded by egotism. Daily "intercourse behavior" is colonized by sexual language violence; The moral climate of society is controlled by "passive moral indifference". In the case of "Tangshan Beating Incident", social communication ethics were so out of order. How can we reconstruct the normal social communication ethics and safeguard the social security of citizens? On the one hand, we should adhere to the "ethical discipline" of the principle of discourse, and On the other hand, we should strengthen the shaping of "moral and legal community" based on negotiation mechanism and the reconstruction of community morality by communicative rationality.

The Construction of Engineering Ethics and Management Curriculum System Based on Curriculum Ideology and Politics

The curriculum system is the carrier of talent training and plays an important role in the whole curriculum teaching. According to the requirements of the construction of first-class courses, this paper studies the construction of the curriculum system of Engineering Ethics and Management, based on the ideological and political education of the curriculum, combined with cases and project teaching methods. According to the training objectives and the requirements of first-class courses and professional certification, with the help of the concept of hierarchy, the curriculum objectives are divided into three different levels of knowledge, ability and accomplishment, and the training objectives of the curriculum are defined; With the help of such super projects as the Qinghai Tibet Railway and the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge, as well as the craftsmen from large countries, the ideological and political elements and ethical concepts of the curriculum in the cases are deeply explored, and the case teaching method is used to realize the whole process of ideological and political curriculum; Based on the student-centered concept, the teaching content is divided into three different stages and levels to achieve hierarchical teaching content; According to the characteristics of different cases, targeted teaching methods such as knowledge contest and group report are adopted to teach students in accordance with their aptitude and realize the diversification of teaching methods; By improving the composition, measurement and evaluation system of online performance and introducing team members' mutual evaluation and teacher scoring into offline performance, the diversity of teaching evaluation can be achieved. On this basis, a curriculum teaching system adapted to the characteristics of the curriculum has been constructed, and good teaching results have been achieved through two semesters of curriculum teaching practice. The established teaching system can also provide useful reference for similar courses.

Seeking Protection and Reconciliation: A Pashtun Legal Custom in Recorded Tribal Histories

AbstractAvailable essays on Pashtunwali describe this system of customary laws and ethics for the most part as a static model of ideal conduct, without a diachronic perspective. Offering a historical approach to Pashtunwali, this article introduces and analyzes fragmentary data on the nənawāte custom from early modern Pashto sources—historiographical narratives of the Khatak chieftains in the Tarikh-i Murassaʿ (finished 1724) and the romantic poem Adam Khan aw Durkhaney (1706/7). Recorded cases of resorting to nənawāte, considered among the main pillars of Pashtunwali but still variously interpreted, prove that this is a complex legal custom based on the right to appeal for protection, mediation, and reconciliation. As a common means of dispute settlement, nənawāte originates with a binding request for help and favor in a conflict situation. The discussion of nənawāte is preceded by a brief overview of the existing scholarly definitions of Pashtunwali, underscoring its emic perception as an ethnic identity marker.

Tlacoqualli in Monequi "The Center Good"

Tlacoqualli in Monequi "The Center Good"