Ethical Practice Research Articles

The influence of digital marketing and Islamic marketing on purchasing decisions of Muslim fashion

IntroductionToday, the business world is experiencing rapid development and change every year. Many businesses have begun implementing Islamic marketing strategies to promote their products. Additionally, digital marketing has become popular among business practitioners conducting buying and selling activities. This study aims to analyze the impact of Islamic and digital marketing on purchasing decisions for Muslim fashion.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are: 1) to analyze the influence of Islamic marketing on purchasing decisions for Muslim fashion. 2) To examine the impact of digital marketing on purchasing decisions in Muslim fashion.MethodThis study employed a quantitative approach, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. The sample size included 100 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed through Google Forms.ResultsThe study reveals the following: 1) Islamic marketing positively and significantly influences the purchasing decisions of Muslim fashion. 2) Digital marketing also positively and significantly affects purchasing decisions for Muslim fashion.ImplicationsThe findings indicate that both Islamic and digital marketing are effective strategies for influencing purchasing decisions of Muslim fashion consumers. Businesses should consider integrating these strategies to enhance market reach and customer engagement.Originality/NoveltyThis study provides new insights into the simultaneous effects of Islamic and digital marketing on consumer purchasing decisions in the context of Muslim fashion. This highlights the importance of ethical marketing practices and the use of digital platforms to reach the target audience.

Ethical issues in the halal food supply chain: a systematic bibliometric review

Purpose Systematic reviews have contributed substantially to the development of knowledge in various academic fields and have helped discover new research potentials in a systematic manner. Specifically, this study aims to conduct a systematic bibliometric review to address ethical issues across the halal food supply chain (HFSC), as well as to identify the ethical challenges that food handlers face in ensuring authenticity, compliance with Shariah law and avoidance of contamination with non-halal ingredients in halal food products. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric approach was used to analyse 263 publications from the Scopus database. The present research analysed the documents’ bibliographical data based on publication year, source title, country of origin, institution, authorship, keywords and citation count. The VOSviewer software was applied to perform citation and co-word analysis, as well as to construct bibliometric networks centred on the topic of ethical issues in the HFSC. This bibliometric review provides valuable insights for researchers to identify key publications and comprehend the foundational structure of the subject matter. It also helps guide future research into significant trends and new areas of study. Findings Citation analysis provides valuable insights into influential publications and the interconnectedness of research on HFSC. A co-word analysis revealed that discussions on ethics and integrity in the HFSC primarily revolved around the concept of halal and its implications, particularly in supply chain management. However, the limited frequency and prominence of these keywords suggests a scarcity of academic discourse on ethical matters in this field. Moreover, ethical considerations not only serve as a critical aspect of ensuring halal integrity but also emerge as a strategic imperative in marketing, brand management and the operation of global businesses. Originality/value This study addresses the need to examine the knowledge gap in the literature on ethical practices and issues in HFSC. Although there is a significant amount of academic writing in the halal context, there is a scarcity of research that specifically focuses on the ethical aspects of HFSC. This study also offers a framework for investigating the ethical practices and issues in HFSC.

Mapping the landscape of ethical considerations in explainable AI research

With its potential to contribute to the ethical governance of AI, eXplainable AI (XAI) research frequently asserts its relevance to ethical considerations. Yet, the substantiation of these claims with rigorous ethical analysis and reflection remains largely unexamined. This contribution endeavors to scrutinize the relationship between XAI and ethical considerations. By systematically reviewing research papers mentioning ethical terms in XAI frameworks and tools, we investigate the extent and depth of ethical discussions in scholarly research. We observe a limited and often superficial engagement with ethical theories, with a tendency to acknowledge the importance of ethics, yet treating it as a monolithic and not contextualized concept. Our findings suggest a pressing need for a more nuanced and comprehensive integration of ethics in XAI research and practice. To support this, we propose to critically reconsider transparency and explainability in regards to ethical considerations during XAI systems design while accounting for ethical complexity in practice. As future research directions, we point to the promotion of interdisciplinary collaborations and education, also for underrepresented ethical perspectives. Such ethical grounding can guide the design of ethically robust XAI systems, aligning technical advancements with ethical considerations.

Digitalization and its Impact on the Development of Contemporary Marketing Strategies

"The marketing landscape is always changing in this day and age due to technological breakthroughs, so it is important to comprehend these changes for theoretical and practical applications. Examining the development of digital marketing is the goal of this study, which will concentrate on the crucial shift to analytics-driven decision-making, omnichannel consumer experiences, the influence of social media dynamics, and the incorporation of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The methodology, which makes use of an extensive analysis of recent literature and case studies, is based on a study of how these technologies may be used to improve marketing tactics and solve issues that they raise, like the digital divide and data protection. The findings reveal a significant shift towards more personalized, efficient, and ethically aware marketing practices. Notably, the adoption of AI and blockchain technologies demonstrates the potential for enhancing customer interaction and security, underscoring a move towards more targeted and meaningful consumer engagement. This transition not only highlights the importance of adapting to digital innovations but also stresses the need for ongoing research and ethical considerations in their application. The study contributes to the discourse by offering insights into navigating the digital marketing ecosystem, advocating for strategic innovation, and emphasizing ethical practices in leveraging digital tools. This synthesis serves to enlighten both academic and industry practitioners about the ongoing digital marketing revolution, underlining the importance of agility and ethical integrity in achieving marketing success in the digital age."

Ethical dilemmas in healthcare management: A comprehensive review

This research paper comprehensively examines ethical dilemmas in healthcare management, offering insights into emerging trends, technological impacts, and anticipated guideline changes. The paper explores healthcare managers' multifaceted challenges, including conflicting stakeholder interests, the delicate balance between patient rights and organizational goals, and navigating diverse cultural values. Strategies for mitigating ethical dilemmas, such as education, policy implementation, and collaborative decision-making, are discussed. Additionally, the paper delves into the evolving ethical landscape influenced by genomic medicine, artificial intelligence, and telehealth. The implications for healthcare managers include the need for continuous education, ethical leadership, and technological literacy. As healthcare transforms, embracing ethical practices becomes imperative for fostering patient-centric, equitable, and ethically sound healthcare environments. Keywords: Healthcare Management Ethics, Ethical Dilemmas, Technological Impacts, Ethical Leadership.

ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF ARCHITECTURAL TEACHING METHODS ON ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICES

This study investigated the role of architectural education in Nigeria in preparing professionals for sustainable architectural practice, with a particular focus on advancing Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4). It assessed the relationship between the teaching methods employed in delivery of the architecture curriculum of universities and sustainable architectural practice among professionals. Using positivism as the philosophical stance, a quantitative approach was taken. Regression analysis was employed to analyse teaching methods and its impact on architects' professional practice. Findings revealed that educators who place emphasis on meeting deadlines, employed teaching methods that are flexible enough to adapt to changing needs, and adopting the practice of professional ethics in their teaching delivery have the highest positive influence on future architectural practice of their students. On the flip side, educators who accepted submission from students that were carelessly put together, and capitalize on relationships with their students (such as favouritism) tend to negatively affect the future architectural practice of their students. This research also revealed the crucial impact of architectural education approaches on advancing sustainable architectural practices in Nigeria, aligning with the objectives of SDG 4. It underscores the importance of teaching methods and recommends constant updates of teaching methods at the faculty level so as to have products who have a highly sustainable practice. Keywords: Architectural education, Architectural practice, Sustainability, Teaching methods

Human Autonomy at Risk? An Analysis of the Challenges from AI

Autonomy is a core value that is deeply entrenched in the moral, legal, and political practices of many societies. The development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) have raised new questions about AI’s impacts on human autonomy. However, systematic assessments of these impacts are still rare and often held on a case-by-case basis. In this article, I provide a conceptual framework that both ties together seemingly disjoint issues about human autonomy, as well as highlights differences between them. In the first part, I distinguish between distinct concerns that are currently addressed under the umbrella term ‘human autonomy’. In particular, I show how differentiating between autonomy-as-authenticity and autonomy-as-agency helps us to pinpoint separate challenges from AI deployment. Some of these challenges are already well-known (e.g. online manipulation or limitation of freedom), whereas others have received much less attention (e.g. adaptive preference formation). In the second part, I address the different roles AI systems can assume in the context of autonomy. In particular, I differentiate between AI systems taking on agential roles and AI systems being used as tools. I conclude that while there is no ‘silver bullet’ to address concerns about human autonomy, considering its various dimensions can help us to systematically address the associated risks.

Preparing Artists to Save the World: Community-Engaged Arts Practice as Critical Pedagogy

ABSTRACT The sustained marginalisation of creative arts in higher education in Australia risks the delivery of superficial learning experiences that are disconnected from the relationality of place, people, and histories. The metrics used to assess a university’s capacity to produce “job-ready graduates” does not adequately capture the success of students in the creative arts, leading to under resourcing in these disciplines and, ironically, limiting the capacity of these disciplines to train students adequately for their industry. In this paper, we examine the place of community-engaged creative practice and cultural policy learning in universities to ask how tertiary educators can support students to develop industry skills while also embodying a critically engaged pedagogy in order to work and create in the industry in ways that prioritise relationality, context and an ethic of care. Community-engaged arts practice can be understood as that which privileges collaborative processes, values people over institutions, is contextually grounded, and understands creative excellence as intricately entangled in social and relational outcomes. We argue that community-engaged arts practice is a form of critical pedagogy and, potentially, vice versa. We share two case studies of creative arts learning experiences in our university as examples of the powerful crossover between community-engaged arts practice and critical pedagogies in our endeavour to train effective, and impactful creative arts workers in sustainable and ethical practice via a critically engaged creative practice pedagogy.

Academic Integrity Policies in HEIs Across Cultures

Academic integrity is a cornerstone of higher education, ensuring that students engage in honest and ethical practices in their pursuit of knowledge. The implementation of academic integrity policies varies across countries, reflecting the unique cultural, societal, and educational contexts of each nation. This article compares academic integrity policies in New Zealand, Australia, and Canada to those in Bulgaria, highlighting the similarities and differences that exist between these diverse educational landscapes. The study applies the well-known methodology by Bretag et al. (2011) whereby an exemplary academic integrity model is evaluated on the basis of five components, namely access, approach, responsibility, detail and support. This methodology is enriched by a modification suggested by Perkins and Roe (2023) in which a sixth component is added – technological explicitness, which involves the necessity to include and constantly update information and provide guidelines about new technologies.

Languaging Ethics in Technology Practice

Ethics as embodied by technology practitioners resists simple definition—particularly as it relates to the interplay of identity, organizational, and professional complexity. In this article, we use the linguistic notion of languaging as an analytic lens to describe how technology and design practitioners negotiate their conception of ethics as they reflect upon their everyday work. We engaged 12 practitioners in individual co-creation workshops, encouraging them to reflect on their ethical role in their everyday work through a series of generative and evaluative activities. We analyzed these data to identify how each practitioner reasoned about ethics through language and artifacts, finding that practitioners used a range of rhetorical tropes to describe their ethical commitments and beliefs in ways that were complex and sometimes contradictory. Across three cases, we describe how ethics was negotiated through language across three key zones of ecological emergence: the practitioners’ “core” beliefs about ethics, internal and external ecological elements that shaped or mediated these core beliefs, and the ultimate boundaries they reported refusing to cross. Building on these findings, we describe how the languaging of ethics reveals opportunities to definitionally and practically engage with ethics in technology ethics research, practice, and education.

Ethical principles and practices for using naturally occurring data

Ethical principles and practices for using naturally occurring data

Coping and resilience among the youth during the extended COVID-19 restrictions: Exploring lessons learnt from coaching-based interventions

According to research across various countries, the mental health and psychosocial well-being of the youth have been deeply impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, it is imperative to address the rising problems and develop resources for future preparedness. Applying insights from their previous mixed methods research, the authors integrate a coaching framework within a qualitative approach to design an intervention to support young participants. This research had three aims: firstly, to explore the experiences of the youth affected by the extended pandemic restrictions; secondly, to utilise coaching to help participants explore their coping strategies; and thirdly, to synthesise the lessons learnt for future applications. Purposive sampling was utilised to invite participants from the target group of 21–35 years. Participation was voluntary and the ethical practices of research followed. Sixteen participants joined the in-depth interviews and research sessions from May to June 2021. These participants included seven Indians and nine Thai young adults. Thematic analyses of data revealed that while the participants experienced both challenges and stresses, they also reported strategies of adjustment to the extended pandemic restrictions. The emerging themes were consolidated and discussed within the theoretical frameworks of coping and resilience. The participants’ feedback on coaching confirmed its usefulness as an intervention in a challenging context. The implications of these findings are discussed to rethink the paradigms to support the psychosocial well-being of the youth dealing with challenges for future preparedness.

Ethical Decision-Making in Educational Leadership: Insights from Islamic Scholars

Ethical decision-making in educational leadership is a critical aspect of ensuring effective governance and fostering a positive school climate. Insights drawn from Islamic scholars provide valuable perspectives on moral principles that guide leaders in educational settings. This study explores the ethical considerations and decision-making processes influenced by Islamic teachings among educational leaders. This research aims to investigate how Islamic scholars' insights inform ethical decision-making practices in educational leadership. It seeks to analyze the ethical frameworks advocated by Islamic teachings and their application in contemporary educational contexts. This study employs a literature review approach to examine scholarly articles, books, and Islamic texts that discuss ethical principles relevant to educational leadership. The research focuses on synthesizing and analyzing existing literature to identify key themes, principles, and practices advocated by Islamic scholars in guiding ethical decision-making among school leaders. The findings highlight that Islamic scholars emphasize principles such as justice (adl), compassion (rahma), honesty (sidq), and accountability (mas'uliyyah) as foundational to ethical leadership in education. Ethical decision-making processes are guided by Islamic teachings that prioritize the well-being of stakeholders, fairness in decision outcomes, and adherence to ethical norms. Insights from Islamic scholars offer nuanced perspectives that enrich contemporary discussions on ethical leadership and governance in educational settings

The future of employment: How Generation Z is reshaping entrepreneurship through education?

The evolving landscape of work is increasingly shaped by Generation Z, a cohort characterized by its digital fluency, innovative mindset, and entrepreneurial spirit. This study explores how Gen Z is redefining entrepreneurship and the implications for the future of work. The primary aim of this research is to understand the unique entrepreneurial tendencies of Gen Z and how these tendencies influence business practices, workplace culture, and economic development. The research adopts a literature review approach, analyzing existing studies, articles, and reports on Gen Z's entrepreneurial behaviors, motivations, and challenges. Sources include academic journals, industry reports, and reputable media publications that provide insights into the characteristics and trends of Gen Z entrepreneurs. The findings indicate that Gen Z entrepreneurs are driven by a strong desire for independence, social impact, and technological innovation. They tend to leverage digital tools and social media to create and scale businesses rapidly. Moreover, their approach to entrepreneurship is more inclusive and collaborative, often focusing on sustainable and ethical business practices. This study concludes that Gen Z's redefinition of entrepreneurship will likely lead to significant changes in the future of work, emphasizing flexibility, digital integration, and value-driven business models

Ethics Redefined: A Comparative Study on Women on Boards vs. Attributes of Corporate Governance in the Light of Firm Performance

This study is related to Corporate Governance (CG) and is an important research stream. One of the most noteworthy dimensions of CG is Board Gender Diversity (BGD). While there is a lot of study being done on BGD in developing and emerging market economies is still in the early stages of this field. This study attempts to answer the seminal question, of what matters most for Firm Performance (FP), CG attributes, or just BGD). So, this study investigates the relationship between BGD and CG attributes, on the FP. The existing literature lacks a comprehensive analysis of BGD and CG attributes on FP so this study fills this research gap. To meet the study's objective, data is collected for 50 non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange, the data period is 2017-2022 which leads to a total of 300 firm-year observations. For data analysis, the technique of panel regression is used in this study. This study reveals that CG attributes employ mixed influence on FP, while BGD negatively impacts the FP, emphasizing the significance of border governance mechanisms. This research shows the need for the firm to prioritize more ethical governance practices, across different cultural and economic contexts instead of just diluting the board with more female directors. Exploring the role of other variables could provide deeper insights into the factors deriving these relationships.

Identification of Ethical Issues and Practice Recommendations Regarding the Use of Robotic Coaching Solutions for Older Adults: Narrative Review.

Technological advances in robotics, artificial intelligence, cognitive algorithms, and internet-based coaches have contributed to the development of devices capable of responding to some of the challenges resulting from demographic aging. Numerous studies have explored the use of robotic coaching solutions (RCSs) for supporting healthy behaviors in older adults and have shown their benefits regarding the quality of life and functional independence of older adults at home. However, the use of RCSs by individuals who are potentially vulnerable raises many ethical questions. Establishing an ethical framework to guide the development, use, and evaluation practices regarding RCSs for older adults seems highly pertinent. The objective of this paper was to highlight the ethical issues related to the use of RCSs for health care purposes among older adults and draft recommendations for researchers and health care professionals interested in using RCSs for older adults. We conducted a narrative review of the literature to identify publications including an analysis of the ethical dimension and recommendations regarding the use of RCSs for older adults. We used a qualitative analysis methodology inspired by a Health Technology Assessment model. We included all article types such as theoretical papers, research studies, and reviews dealing with ethical issues or recommendations for the implementation of these RCSs in a general population, particularly among older adults, in the health care sector and published after 2011 in either English or French. The review was performed between August and December 2021 using the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Explore, SpringerLink, and PsycINFO databases. Selected publications were analyzed using the European Network of Health Technology Assessment Core Model (version 3.0) around 5 ethical topics: benefit-harm balance, autonomy, privacy, justice and equity, and legislation. In the 25 publications analyzed, the most cited ethical concerns were the risk of accidents, lack of reliability, loss of control, risk of deception, risk of social isolation, data confidentiality, and liability in case of safety problems. Recommendations included collecting the opinion of target users, collecting their consent, and training professionals in the use of RCSs. Proper data management, anonymization, and encryption appeared to be essential to protect RCS users' personal data. Our analysis supports the interest in using RCSs for older adults because of their potential contribution to individuals' quality of life and well-being. This analysis highlights many ethical issues linked to the use of RCSs for health-related goals. Future studies should consider the organizational consequences of the implementation of RCSs and the influence of cultural and socioeconomic specificities of the context of experimentation. We suggest implementing a scalable ethical and regulatory framework to accompany the development and implementation of RCSs for various aspects related to the technology, individual, or legal aspects.

THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF AI IMPLEMENTATION IN FINTECH AS A DRIVER OF SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. Financial technologies play a crucial role in socio-ecological-economic development by automating various processes across all sectors and increasing service accessibility not only in large cities but also in every corner of the country. The use of remote customer service channels reduces labor and associated costs, promoting more efficient resource utilization. FinTech supports the growth of financial markets and serves as a vital tool for optimizing both the everyday lives of individuals and the functioning of the entire ecosystem. These technologies significantly facilitate the formation of connections between different sectors, accelerating the attainment of economic, social, technological, political, and other benefits. FinTech not only fosters economic growth but also supports sustainable development by enhancing social inclusiveness and promoting ecological sustainability through more efficient resource use and reduction of the carbon footprint. The purpose of the article. It is necessary to investigate the theoretical and applied understanding of AI in Fintech as a driver of socio-ecological-economic development. Results. Trends in AI, considering sustainable development and financial technologies, highlight the following key directions: Green AI (energy-efficient algorithms; energy consumption optimization); Ethical and Transparent AI (ethical principles; explainability); Inclusive Financial Technologies (financial inclusion; personalized financial services); Innovations in Lending and Risk Management (creditworthiness analysis; risk forecasting); Intelligent Investment Platforms (robo-advisors; micro-investments); Cybersecurity (threat detection; behavior analysis); Sustainable Development through Financial Technologies (investing in sustainable development; impact monitoring). Therefore, it can be argued that the integration of artificial intelligence in financial technologies not only drives innovation in financial services but also upholds the principles of sustainable development, ensuring ethical, inclusive, and efficient practices. Conclusions. Financial technologies are rapidly evolving, stimulating the emergence of diverse services, including internet payments, lending through distributed ledgers, and mobile money transfers. Key directions in the development of financial technologies include fraud protection, business interchanges, and adaptation to regulations, opening up new opportunities for all consumer categories. Transformational trends in fintech innovations significantly impact Ukraine's financial sector, expanding the accessibility of financial services and enhancing the efficiency of financial companies. It is necessary to ensure the creation of appropriate legislative and regulatory environments to guarantee the security and stability of the financial sector in the face of rapid development of digital technologies. The application of artificial intelligence in the financial sector is defined by key directions such as green AI, ethical and transparent AI, fostering innovation and sustainable development, increasing the efficiency and accessibility of financial services.

Enhancing Dust Control for Cage-Free Hens with Electrostatic Particle Charging Systems at Varying Installation Heights and Operation Durations

The poultry industry is shifting towards more sustainable and ethical practices, including adopting cage-free (CF) housing to enhance hen behavior and welfare. However, ensuring optimal indoor air quality, particularly concerning particulate matter (PM), remains challenging in CF environments. This study explores the effectiveness of electrostatic particle ionization (EPI) technology in mitigating PM in CF hen houses while considering the height at which the technology is placed and the duration of the electric supply. The primary objectives are to analyze the impact of EPI in reducing PM and investigate its power consumption correlation with electric supply duration. The study was conducted in a laying hen facility with four identical rooms housing 720 laying hens. The study utilized a Latin Square Design method in two experiments to assess the impact of EPI height and electric supply durations on PM levels and electricity consumption. Experiment 1 tested four EPI heights: H1 (1.5 m or 5 ft), H2 (1.8 m or 6 ft), H3 (2.1 m or 7 ft), and H4 (2.4 m or 8 ft). Experiment 2 examined four electric supply durations: D1 (control), D2 (8 h), D3 (16 h), and D4 (24 h), through 32 feet corona pipes. Particulate matter levels were measured at three different locations within the rooms for a month, and statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA with a significance level of ≤0.05. The study found no significant differences in PM concentrations among different EPI heights (p > 0.05). However, the duration of EPI system operation had significant effects on PM1, PM2.5, and PM4 concentrations (p < 0.05). Longer EPI durations resulted in more substantial reductions: D2—17.8% for PM1, 11.0% for PM2.5, 23.1% for PM4, 23.7% for PM10, and 22.7% for TSP; D3—37.6% for PM1, 30.4% for PM2.5, 39.7% for PM4, 40.2% for PM10, and 41.1% for TSP; D4—36.6% for PM1, 24.9% for PM2.5, 38.6% for PM4, 36.3% for PM10, and 37.9% for TSP compared to the D1. These findings highlight the importance of prolonged EPI system operation for enhancing PM reduction in CF hen houses. However, utilizing 16 h EPI systems during daylight may offer a more energy-efficient approach while maintaining effective PM reduction. Further research is needed to optimize PM reduction strategies, considering factors like animal activities, to improve air quality and environmental protection in CF hen houses.

Inside the Ivory Tower: How Student Journalists Reason About Ethics

ABSTRACT This article presents an interview study that investigates student journalists’ perception of ethics and moral reasoning. It aims to understand how student journalists – an important indicator for the future of journalism, yet an understudied group – perceive and practice ethics. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with student journalists from three different independent college newsrooms. The findings suggested that the student journalists have an instrumental perceptions of ethics, seeing ethics as rules that must be followed. When confronted with ethical dilemmas, which the student journalists may misidentify, they tend to consult editors and follow advice without asking for explanations. Most student reporters demonstrate moral reasoning at Kohlberg’s preconventional and conventional levels, with editors reaching the post-conventional level. The findings underscore the necessity for a more integrated ethics education. Based on the results, the article raises concerns, points out challenges, and suggests opportunities for ethics education in student media.

The Investment Banks’ Hiring Practices in China: On or Off the Radar of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act?

This study examines the hiring practices of investment banks in China, with a specific focus on JPMorgan's "Sons & Daughters" program. These practices have raised significant legal and ethical questions under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). The objective is to analyze whether these practices violate the FCPA and to discuss their broader implications for global business ethics and regulatory compliance. Employing a comprehensive literature review, theoretical analysis, and case studies, the research investigates data from legal documents, academic articles, and regulatory reports. The findings indicate that the "Sons & Daughters" program, and similar hiring practices by other banks, constitute a grey area within FCPA enforcement. The study reveals systematic quid pro quo arrangements where investment banks hire relatives of Chinese officials in exchange for business opportunities, suggesting potential violations of anti-bribery provisions. The analysis underscores the enforcement challenges of the FCPA in diverse cultural and regulatory environments. It discusses the implications for corporate governance and the global financial industry, emphasizing the need for robust compliance mechanisms and higher ethical standards. The study concludes that while such hiring practices might offer competitive advantages, they undermine fair competition and ethical standards, necessitating stricter enforcement of the FCPA. The paper suggests measures to mitigate these risks and promote ethical hiring practices in the financial sector.