Ethical Perceptions Research Articles

IMPORTANCE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS FOR LEARNING

The study focuses on the perceptions of financial students regarding the significance of professional ethics for their education and employment. Data is collected through a questionnaire administered to undergraduate business management students, providing insights into their awareness, importance perception, and self-assessment of professional ethics. The findings indicate that while students recognize the importance of professional ethics, they do not believe it significantly contributes to their academic performance and future careers. Overall, the paper emphasizes the significance of professional ethics for commercial students and suggests strategies to improve ethical competence in education and employment settings.

Moderation Of Religiosity On The Determinants Of Individual Non-Employee Taxpayers' Perceptions Of Tax Avoidance Ethics

This research aims to determine whether the religiosity variable can moderate the influence of the taxation system variables, discrimination, tax justice and understanding of taxation on the perception of non-employee individual taxpayers in Denpasar City. The research method used is a quantitative approach with SEM PLS analysis techniques. Data and information were obtained from primary data using questionnaires distributed at Denpasar Timur Tax Office and Denpasar Barat Tax Office. The results of data processing from 100 respondents consisting of non-employee taxpayers show that the tax system, discrimination, tax justice, understanding of taxation and religiosity can explain the variable perception of ethical tax avoidance by 62.5% while the remaining 37.5% is explained by variables outside this research. The results of hypothesis testing show that the variables of the tax system, discrimination, tax fairness and religiosity have a significant positive influence on the perception of the ethics of tax avoidance. Meanwhile, the tax understanding variable does not have a significant influence on tax avoidance ethics. The better the tax system, tax fairness and taxpayer religiosity, the higher the intention to avoid paying taxes. This increase in the intensity of tax evasion can occur due to several factors such as the complexity of regulations, legal permits, effective sanctions for tax violators, and different religious views. On the other hand, high levels of discrimination will make taxpayers think that tax avoidance is one way to fight or overcome the inequality produced by the system. The conclusion of this research is that the religiosity variable cannot moderate the four independent variables because the ethical values that arise related to religiosity cannot always play a role in how individuals deal with taxation.

A Holistic Approach to Creating Ethical Sensitivity and Awareness in Landscape Design Education

The starting point of the present study was the observation of the increasing number of unethical behaviors among the students of landscape design education in recent years. The purpose of the study was to determine the ethical perceptions of students, and their ethical awareness, ethical behaviors, ethical preferences, ethical judgments, and ethical decision-making skills in the design process. In this context, the ethics concept and the importance of ethics in design education were explained, and a questionnaire was used to the students. Among the 199 students, 149 students participated in the study voluntarily. As a result of the study, it is possible to argue that the ethical perceptions and awareness of ethical/unethical behaviors of the students in design were high, their ethical decision-making skills improved, and they could make ethical choices and ethical judgments. Despite this fact, it is up to the students to make ethical choices and act ethically by showing ethical sensitivity in their designs. Ethics in design courses and how ethics education can be integrated into design courses were explained to provide ethical sensitivity and awareness to students in landscape design education.

Mood matters: the interplay of personality in ethical perceptions in crowdsourcing

Mood matters: the interplay of personality in ethical perceptions in crowdsourcing

Contextualizing Ethical Climate: Examining Contextual Moderators of the Connection Between Ethical Climate Perceptions and Ethical Behavior

Contextualizing Ethical Climate: Examining Contextual Moderators of the Connection Between Ethical Climate Perceptions and Ethical Behavior

Evaluating Perception of Ethics and Professionalism amongst Dental Students of Dental Teaching Institute

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of undergraduates and graduates regarding professionalism and ethical guidelines and their application in clinical practices. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study design was opted. For dental undergraduates of clinical year 3rd and 4th and graduates who are either house officers or junior faculty members of public and private dental institutes a pre-validated questionnaire having a Cronbach's alpha value within 0.7 to 0.8 range in a pilot run amongst 15 participants that was then circulated via online media. The questionnaire was comprised of 15 items and a Likert scale was used in the survey with close-ended questions. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 21. For quantitative variables mean and standard deviations were determined. Results: According to the data collected and analyzed 50 % of the students and junior dental faculty or fresh dentist opinioned that they do learn ethics and professionalism from their peers and about 50 % of participants look forward to the inclusion of ethics as a subject at the undergraduate level. About 48 % of participants opinioned that after graduation their public speaking skills and ethics of patient handling should be polished through the inclusion of multiple workshops and continuing education programs from the institution. Conclusion: This study suggests that a curriculum should be designed to develop psychological attributes with the use of effective teaching and learning.

The Ethics of Electronic Tracking Devices in Dementia Care: An Interview Study with Developers

Wandering is a symptom of dementia that can have devastating consequences on the lives of persons living with dementia and their families and caregivers. Increasingly, caregivers are turning towards electronic tracking devices to help manage wandering. Ethical questions have been raised regarding these location-based technologies and although qualitative research has been conducted to gain better insight into various stakeholders' views on the topic, developers of these technologies have been largely excluded. No qualitative research has focused on developers’ perceptions of ethics related to electronic tracking devices. To address this, we performed a qualitative semi-structured interview study based on grounded theory. We interviewed 15 developers of electronic tracking devices to better understand how they perceive ethical issues surrounding the design, development, and use of these devices within dementia care. Our results reveal that developers are strongly motivated by moral considerations and believe that including stakeholders throughout the development process is critical for success. Developers felt a strong sense of moral obligation towards topics within their control and a weaker sense of moral obligation towards topics outside their control. This leads to a perceived moral boundary between development and use, where some moral responsibility is shifted to end-users.

Opinions and experiences of operating room nurse on ethical sensitivity: a phenomenological study

The aim of this study is to examine the opinions and experiences of operating room nurses about ethical sensitivity phemenologically. This phenomenological study, which is in the qualitative research design, was conducted with 14 operating room nurses. Prior to the study, a pilot study was conducted with three nurse families. The interviews were conducted using a face-to-face in-depth semi-structured interview form and the data were analyzed with Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. Interview data were collected between 15 June 2022 and 15 October 2022 in the country. Three categories, seven main themes, and twenty-three sub-themes emerged as a result of the interviews. In the theme of ethical dilemmas experienced by operating room nurses, there are sub-themes of professional ethics, teamwork, and patient dignity and benefit. There are physical and psychological sub-themes in the theme of ethical sensitivity perception and practices of operating room nurses, and among the subthemes, ensuring patient privacy, providing professional competence, providing psychological support to the patient, being friendly and communicating effectively, and respecting the patient’s autonomy come to the fore. Views of operating room nurses on the importance of ethical principles were discussed under the headings of profession and patient. Our results are valuable in that they shed light on the perspectives and experiences of the operating room nurses while maintaining ethical sensitivity. The high ethical sensitivity perceptions of operating room nurses are associated with an increase in the quality of care. It is thought that the high perception of ethical sensitivity of operating room nurses is an important factor that increases the satisfaction of individuals receiving care and the job satisfaction and quality of care of nurses.

The grey side of procurement: Measuring the prevalence of questionable purchasing practices

Buyer-supplier relationships may be exposed to ethically questionable purchasing practices. This can have major financial and reputational consequences for individuals and organisations. Various studies have assessed procurement professionals' ethical judgements regarding questionable purchasing practices and a handful have estimated the prevalence of these practices. The insights from these studies, however, cannot be straightforwardly extrapolated to today's practice. First, the studies have mostly estimated prevalence without controlling for social desirability bias. The estimation of the prevalence of questionable practices based on subjects' responses is non-trivial, as it may be prone to socially desirable response behaviour. Second, most of the studies were conducted decades ago and the role of the purchasing function has changed significantly ever since. Based on these observations, the present study makes two main contributions to the literature. First, it methodologically extends extant studies by estimating the prevalence of questionable purchasing practices in Europe while controlling for social desirability bias. Specifically, the present study applies the recently developed Extended Crosswise Model to test for socially desirable answers and presents these prevalence estimates in comparison to estimates obtained via a direct questioning technique. The findings highlight the ongoing prevalence of unethical practices in buyer-supplier relationships and the need for organisations to be vigilant in addressing them. Post-hoc analyses indicate that gender, work experience, perceived levels of public sector corruption, and governmental procurement agreements affect the involvement in questionable purchasing practices. Second, the present study examines how earlier and newly identified questionable practices are perceived in the current business environment. The results suggest that ethical perceptions have changed and that most unethical practices are observed in supplier selection. From a theoretical perspective, the present study responds to both the call to further investigate ethical issues in supply chains (Quarshie et al., 2016) and the call to address social desirability bias in purchasing and supply management research (Ried et al., 2022). From a managerial perspective, our research can serve as a starting point for organisations to develop strategies to mitigate their impact and promote ethical behaviour throughout the purchasing process.

The Moderating Role of Work Experience in the Effect of Ethical Culture on Whistleblowing in Healthcare Professionals and the Effect of Organizational Trust on Whistleblowing

ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the moderator role of work experience in the impact of ethical culture perceptions of healthcare professionals on their whistleblowing tendencies. It is also to reveal the effect of organizational trust on whistleblowing. MethodsThe population of the study consists of health personnel working in the public or private sector in Turkey. The sample of the study consists of 481 health workers who voluntarily participated in the survey. Data were collected using the convenience sampling technique. In collecting data, whistleblowing, organizational trust, and ethical culture scales were used. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and path analysis in the structural equation model were performed. ResultsThe findings reveal that organizational trust has an impact on ethical culture and that some sub-components of organizational trust and ethical culture have an impact on whistleblowing. In addition, it has been determined that the group of health professionals with low work experience has a moderating role in the effect of applicability on internal whistleblowing. ConclusionTo handle the whistleblowing mechanism internally in health institutions, it is important to clearly show the ethical rules to the employees. On the other hand, it has been seen that the professional experiences of the employees can be used as a tool for whistleblowing to work.

The Impact of Ethics Instruction and Internship on Students’ Ethical Perceptions About Social Media, Artificial Intelligence, and ChatGPT

ABSTRACT Communication programs seek to cultivate students who become professionals not only with expertise in their chosen field, but also ethical awareness. The current study investigates how exposure to ethics instruction and internship experiences may influence communication students’ ethical perceptions, including ideological orientations on idealism and relativism, as well as awareness of contemporary ethical issues related to social media and artificial intelligence (AI). The effects were also assessed on students’ support for general uses of AI for communication practices and adoption of generative AI, specifically ChatGPT. The survey results based on a student sample in Taiwan show that internship experience is more significant than ethics instruction on swaying ethical perceptions and behavioral inclinations of adopting AI applications. Adding to the limited body of knowledge on the effect of ethics education and internship programs, the findings also offer insights for how communication education can address emerging ethical challenges brought by new technology.

Trouble in paradise? Collaboration behavior and ethics of micro-influencers in the hospitality industry

This research is to examine consumers' perceptions and responses to the exchange between social media micro-influencers and hospitality businesses in “collaboration” scenarios. Two studies are designed in series with qualitative and quantitative research methods. Study I uses YouTube comments to identify four dimensions of people's ethical perceptions of social media micro-influencers collaboration behavior. Study II follows up and designs a 2 × 2 experiment to empirically examine consumers' cognitive and behavioral responses to micro-influencers collaboration behavior. Findings of this study indicate that consumers tend to dislike micro-influencer's “collaboration” behavior, though their responses differ between the four scenarios designed in the study. In particular, micro-influencer's comments (positive or negative) have more salient impacts on consumers' responses to micro-influencers, compared with business owners' responses to the collaboration behavior (accept or decline). It considers the transformative impacts of social media and the collaboration phenomenon in hospitality settings, and extends the application of equity theory by including the third party's perspectives of social media users.

Unveiling public perception of AI ethics: an exploration on Wikipedia data

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have exposed more and more ethical issues while providing services to people. It is challenging for people to realize the occurrence of AI ethical issues in most cases. The lower the public awareness, the more difficult it is to address AI ethical issues. Many previous studies have explored public reactions and opinions on AI ethical issues through questionnaires and social media platforms like Twitter. However, these approaches primarily focus on categorizing popular topics and sentiments, overlooking the public’s potential lack of knowledge underlying these issues. Few studies revealed the holistic knowledge structure of AI ethical topics and the relations among the subtopics. As the world’s largest online encyclopedia, Wikipedia encourages people to jointly contribute and share their knowledge by adding new topics and following a well-accepted hierarchical structure. Through public viewing and editing, Wikipedia serves as a proxy for knowledge transmission. This study aims to analyze how the public comprehend the body of knowledge of AI ethics. We adopted the community detection approach to identify the hierarchical community of the AI ethical topics, and further extracted the AI ethics-related entities, which are proper nouns, organizations, and persons. The findings reveal that the primary topics at the top-level community, most pertinent to AI ethics, predominantly revolve around knowledge-based and ethical issues. Examples include transitions from Information Theory to Internet Copyright Infringement. In summary, this study contributes to three points, (1) to present the holistic knowledge structure of AI ethics, (2) to evaluate and improve the existing body of knowledge of AI ethics, (3) to enhance public perception of AI ethics to mitigate the risks associated with AI technologies.

Idealism, relativism, and perception of ethicality of employee behavior in Mainland China and Hong Kong

Idealism, relativism, and perception of ethicality of employee behavior in Mainland China and Hong Kong

CINEMATIC DEPICTIONS OF BUSINESS: REALISM, ETHICS, AND EDUCATION

This study examines how business language and context are depicted in select movies, as well as their representations, accuracy, and impacts on educational relevance and societal perception. Through a comparative analysis, this study analyzes diverse communication styles, leadership dynamics, and ethical considerations in movies such as "The Social Network," "The Wolf of Wall Street," "Office Space," "The Big Short," and "Margin Call." To assess the realism of their depictions of real-world situations, this study analyzes how these movies portray business scenarios within popular culture. Furthermore, it explores how cinematic representations influence perceptions of business ethics, practices, and leadership, providing insight into how movies affect societal attitudes about business. Finally, the study highlights how analyzing cinematic portrayals of business language and context can enhance critical thinking skills among students of business and enhance ethical awareness. The results of this research have highlighted the nuanced and multifaceted nature of cinematic representations, and their educational value has been highlighted.

Using Reflexive Principlism to Investigate Longitudinal Changes in Engineering Students’ Perceptions of Ethics

Using Reflexive Principlism to Investigate Longitudinal Changes in Engineering Students’ Perceptions of Ethics

Assessment of knowledge and attitude about bio banking amongst the general public and their willingness to donate bio specimens from a hospital in India

This study aims to know the attitude and perceptions of biobanks among the general public and their willingness to donate bio specimens from a hospital in India. Biobanks collect, store bio specimens for diagnosis, treatment and research purpose. According to modern bio banking, bio specimens needs to have standard operating procedures to do so. The bio specimen should be kept confidential and anonymous. Do they have an awareness of the role of biobanks? Do they know the concept of consent and implications of retaining specimens in biobanks? This paper evaluates these areas. A cross sectional study was conducted among general public above 18 years of age using convenience sampling. The data was obtained through a questionnaire which was distributed via online using Google forms and assessed the ethical perception of the general public regarding their willingness to donate own biological samples for teaching and research purposes and their awareness and attitude on biobanks. A total of 200 participants were included in the study. 71.4% participants did not have any prior knowledge about biobanks. 59.6% of the participants were willing to donate the biospecimens for advancement in medical research, benefit the society and future generation. 43.8% of respondents emphasised the main discouraging factor in participation in biobank research is that they have fear of sample exploitation. 37.9 percent participants responded that they would like to specify the scope for use when granting permission to use their sample for research. Biobank will advance in medical research only when medical institutes and government bodies’ install privacy, consent laws and initiate lot of awareness programmes to improve public perspectives and knowledge about biobanking. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S53-S59

Digital ethicswashing: a systematic review and a process-perception-outcome framework

AbstractThe term “ethicswashing” was recently coined to describe the phenomenon of instrumentalising ethics by misleading communication, creating the impression of ethical Artificial Intelligence (AI), while no substantive ethical theory, argument, or application is in place or ethicists involved. Ethicswashing resembles greenwashing for environmental issues and has become an issue – particularly since 2019 with Thomas Metzinger’s harsh criticisms as a member of the EU panel for developing ethical guidelines for AI, which he called “ethicswashing.” Nowadays, increased ethics washing has changed the perception of AI ethics, leading critics to find a “trivialization” of ethics that may even lead to “ethics bashing.” Considering the scattered literature body and the various manifestations of digital ethicswashing, we recognise the need to assess the existing literature comprehensively. To fill this gap, this research systematically reviews current knowledge about digital ethicswashing stemming from various academic disciplines, contributing to an up-to-date assessment of its underlying characteristics. Applying content analysis to map the field leads us to present five thematic clusters: ethicswashing, ethics bashing, policymaking and regulation, watchdogs, and academia. In conclusion, we synthesise ethicswashing along a process-perception-outcome framework to provide future research to explore the multiple meanings of digital ethicswashing.

Does gender matter in ethical leadership perceptions? Cross-national evidence

Last decade’s ethical leadership failures in business across the globe had severe ramifications, including bankruptcy for corporations that had previously been viewed as exemplary. Hence, ethical leadership has gained increased attention from both practitioners and researchers. In particular, the increased focus has been placed on ethical leadership perceptions in management settings. This paper presents empirical findings from a three-country experiment (N = 538) on the perceptions of ethical and unethical leadership, and how they interact with gender. Building on role congruity theory, we posit that female leaders encounter more severe criticism for unethical leadership compared to male leaders, but they also garner greater positive reactions for ethical leadership. We also hypothesize the existence of national differences in ethical leadership perceptions. Our results indicate that the rater’s perceptions are influenced by the gender of the leader they are rating and by ethical leadership. The rater’s gender, however, does not affect the evaluation of male and female leaders in the cultures examined. We have also found national differences among perceptions of ethical leadership, in line with the Corruption Perception Index. We further explore the consequences of these results for theoretical and practical applications in this paper and propose directions for future research.

Evaluating end‐users' digital competencies and ethical perceptions of AI systems in the context of sustainable digital banking

AbstractIn the pursuit of fostering sustainable digital banking (SDB), this study investigates the nexus between end‐users' digital competencies, perceptions of artificially intelligent systems, and sustainable practices. With a focus on addressing inclusivity barriers and promoting ethical considerations, expert interviews were employed to provide nuanced insights. The study's foundation rests on the significance of sustainable development goals, digital competencies, and artificial intelligence (AI) ethics in shaping the future of digital banking. An interview schedule was developed and distributed online to IT experts and researchers in the field of AI. The instrument examined the major challenges faced by customers in accessing digital banking, the expected timeline for the complete digitalization of the South African banking sector, customers' anticipated competency, and comfort levels with a 100% digital banking interface, and their perspectives on the overall impact of such a transition on humanity. The interview gathered participants' views on AI‐based banking systems that determine credit scores and creditworthiness. The study also included questions to obtain expert opinions on customers' digital capabilities, access to resources, and the impact of AI trust issues on financial service customers. The findings of this study provided valuable insights for stakeholders, including governments, NGOs, and financial institutions. Implications derived from expert perspectives illuminate strategies for enhancing digital competencies, addressing inclusivity hurdles, and ensuring ethical AI integration. This study contributes to the sustainable development discourse by offering actionable recommendations for stakeholders in the pursuit of a more inclusive, digitally competent, and ethically responsible digital banking landscape.