Ethical Orientation Research Articles

An Oscillatory Path to Vaccination: The Roles of Normative and Epistemic Factors in Explaining Vaccination Hesitancy in COVID-19

ABSTRACT This study examined the roles of normative and epistemic factors in influencing individuals’ reluctance to be vaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals’ ethical orientations (IEO; teleology vs. deontology) were introduced as normative characteristics, while COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy beliefs and vaccine knowledge were addressed as issue-specific epistemic factors. We conducted two online surveys to investigate each of these three factors’ influences on the level of Americans’ reluctance to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Combinations of these factors that predict COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy levels were also explored to provide integrated perspectives in the specific vaccination context. Our findings demonstrated the positive association between IEO and reluctance to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Significant interactions between 1) COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy beliefs and IEO and 2) conspiracy beliefs and vaccine knowledge were also identified. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future study were addressed.

‘Live has an atmosphere of its own’: azadari, ethical orientation, and tuned presence in Shi‘i media praxis

AbstractAmong producers of Shi‘i Islamic media in Pakistan, the quality of being live as an atmosphere capable of mediation has gained efficacy along with changes in media for religious dispensation. Central to the importance of live recordings are the ways they are perceived to most effectively mediate the ethical, ritual, and transhistorical contours of azadari, a word that describes the ways in which the personages held in esteem by the Shi‘a are mourned and commemorated. What are these qualities of being live that see recordings attributed the qualities of a good, moral atmosphere? By building on ethnographic research into the relationship between Shi‘i practices of azadari and their technological mediation, this article aims to provide greater insights into what atmosphere can do for anthropology, with the suggestion that it acts as a way of recognizing different thresholds of intensity and change.

Shapeshifting and Boundary Crossings of Socially Engaged Art

Socially engaged art practices are understood to borrow from and overlap with several disciplinary territories, crossing over into contexts that, in the process of engaging in civic work and everyday actions, obscure their identity as art and aesthetic practices. The article examines the complications that result from co-existing in various ontological sets of properties, through the presentation of a socially engaged project rooted simultaneously in art, social work, education, and ethnography, and where the author acts and performs as an artist, scholar, and facilitator. Participants in the project embody multiple identities which are dependent on changing perspectives and conditions. Arguing for a relevant ethical orientation to research adapted to the transdisciplinary positions of such community-based projects, the inquiry further interrogates the wrangle between the expectations that symbolic capital is typically accrued to artists engaged in these practices and the inconspicuous agency of quiet activism that offers potent alternative forms of resistance.

A law and politics contextualization of corporate activism in Nigeria's 2020 anti-police brutality campaign.

Corporate activism—the progressive pursuit of social justice causes by corporations—is a growing global phenomenon. There are increasing expectations and, in many cases, demands that corporations pull off their gloves to actively confront sociopolitical issues bedeviling their communities. Emerging scholarship suggests that corporate activism is influenced by various factors, including the ethical, political, and commercial orientations of corporate minds and the relative political and legal landscape within which corporations operate. Adopting a qualitative research mechanism that reflects on open-source information about relevant actors, collected from blogs, Twitter, and news sites, as complemented by a broad variety of secondary sources, this interdisciplinary research explores the theoretical suppositions of corporate activism in light of corporate intervention in Nigeria’s youth-led nationwide anti-police brutality (#EndSARS) protests of October 2020. The analysis highlights how Nigeria’s legal, political, and socioeconomic dynamics factored into the dimensions of corporate activism in that momentous social justice agitation. As a key finding, the paper observes a relatively greater tendency of tech companies to engage in the Nigerian anti-police brutality movement than firms from other sectors, and attributes this relative involvement to the seemingly greater levels of representation of young tech industry employees as victims of police brutality. This tends to ground a crucial supposition in corporate activism theory: that corporations would more likely engage social issues that affect their business.

DEPENDENCE OF THE PERSON AS A FACTOR OF INTERPERSONAL CONFLICTS ANNOTATION

The article discusses the relevance of the study of the phenomenon of envy, which is due to the multidimensionality of this concept, since our country is characterized by significant changes in the moral, ethical, socio-economic and value orientations of society, political, socio-cultural and legal changes that impose their reflection both on social relations between people, but also on their inner world. It is noted that many scientists are studying the psychological mechanisms of the formation of envy and determinants; internal determinants of envy in the gender aspect; acceptability of antisocial behavior by the subject of envy; features of the relationship of aggressiveness and hostility with the envy of the personality and its propensity for the strategy of rivalry. Envy is also studied in the system of socio-economic attitudes. Attention is paid to the study of personal, behavioral and cognitive correlates of envy and an envious attitude to success and luck, as well as the socio-demographic specifics of envy. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of factors that contribute to the emergence and development of feelings of envy (external and internal) and factors influencing the reduction of envy. Attention is focused on the fact that the growth of inequality and stratification of society, the increase in the level of crime, in particular crimes for useful reasons, leads to a feeling of injustice, dissatisfaction with one's own social position, and hence envy of more successful and adapted to modern conditions people. The purpose of the article involves a theoretical review of the concept of envy in the studies of domestic and foreign scientists. The conclusions emphasize that the feeling of envy is a little-studied phenomenon of scientific interest to researchers. It is pointed out that envy should be considered not only from the point of view of its destructive influence on the development of the personality, but also as a kind of motivation and motivation to achieve the goals set by the individual and improve the standard of living. In view of the data on envy available in the scientific literature, to a greater extent they are in the nature of theoretical generalizations, and the deployment of empirical research on this problem is an urgent area of ​​work in the field of legal and social psychology.

Literature Review of the Theoretical Study of Decent Society

Since the date of publication, Avishai Margalit s book Decent Society (The Decent Society, 1996) has attracted wide attention from the political philosophy, ethics and legal circles, and is regarded as a monograph with the role of filling gaps in political philosophy research.This article never expounds the connotation of decent society by humiliating, not infringing rights or giving people honor.The theory of decent society also has practical significance: it provides ethical orientation for a harmonious socialist society, reference for personal decent life, and solutions to the problem of citizenization of new urban immigrants.

Potentiality in crisis: Making and living the potential in Angola’s boom and bust

ABSTRACT This article documents the social generation and experience of potentiality in the context of radical uncertainty. After a booming decade, the oil bust in mid-2014 wrought havoc on Angola’s economy. Immigrant traders and entrepreneurs from West Africa responded to the crisis by assessing their possible livelihoods in and away from Angola. They further couched their search for economic potential in a discourse on Angola’s own potential for recovery. By (de)potentializing economies and livelihoods, traders entrenched potentiality, rather than actuality, as a pervasive aspect of their sociality and their ethical orientations.

Ethical leadership in multinational companies’ control practices: culture as a moderating factor

PurposeDetermining the role of ethical leadership in the multinational companies’ (MNCs) control practices, the purpose of this paper is to extend Eisenbeiss’ (2012) four central ethical leadership orientations into multinational companies’ control contexts – the culturally diversified environment.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a multiple-case research design, the authors gather qualitative data from four MNC subsidiaries located in China, that connects three potentially diverse cultural contexts: German, Japanese and Chinese.FindingsThe findings of this paper confirm that ethical leadership compliance (or violation) positively (or negatively) contributes to the internalization of organizational practice transfer, moderated by cultural distance between foreign managers and subsidiaries’ employees. The results reveal that informal control and trust act as lubricants in the internalization process.Originality/valueThis paper evidences the connections between ethical leadership, organizational practice transfer and subsequent performance, along with inclusive cultural moderating factors.

Exploring intergenerational differences in technology-oriented ethical behavior

PurposeThe proliferation of information technology (IT) and IT-enabled devices has brought various challenges for modern organizations. These challenges are aggravated by the fact that the employees of different generations have a varying degree of expertise and ethical orientation regarding technology. This study has two primary objectives to have an in-depth understanding of technology-related ethical behavior of a diverse workforce. First, it aims to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure technology-oriented ethical behavior. Second, it investigates variations in technology-oriented ethical behavior among Generation X (pre-millennial), Generation Y (millennial) and Generation Z (post-millennial) using the scale.Design/methodology/approachThe study is conducted in two steps. The first step, a techno-ethical scale, is developed with the help of the six steps of scale development proposed by Churchill (1979). These steps include exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability analysis (composite reliability) and validity analysis (convergent and divergent validity). In the second step, intergenerational variation in different factors of technology-oriented ethical behavior among generation X, Y and Z employees is explored with the help of ANOVA and mean plots.FindingsThe study suggests a four-dimensional techno-ethical scale comprising fourteen statements. These four dimensions of the scale are the invasion of the right of privacy, defamation, self-enrichment and loafing during office hours. The scale is reported to have adequate reliability and validity estimates. Results also recommend statistically significant variations in all four dimensions of technology-oriented ethical behavior among pre-millennial, millennial and post-millennial. Also, except for self-enrichment, the mean values progressively increase from pre-millennial to post-millennial. Even for self-enrichment, the mean value is highest for post-millennial.Originality/valueThis study is one of the pioneer studies that explore ethical orientation towards technology usage of three generations of employees.

Ethical Orientation and Research Misconduct Among Business Researchers Under the Condition of Autonomy and Competition

The topics of ethical conduct and governance in academic research in the business field have attracted scientific and public attention. The concern is that research misconduct in organizations such as business schools and universities might result in practitioners, policymakers, and researchers grounding their decisions on biased research results. This study addresses ethical research misconduct by investigating whether the ethical orientation of business researchers is related to the likelihood of research misconduct, such as selective reporting of research findings. We distinguish between deontological and consequentialist ethical orientations and the competition between researchers and investigate the moderating role of their perceived autonomy. Based on global data collected from 1031 business scholars, we find that researchers with a strong deontological ethical orientation are less prone to misconduct. This effect is robust against different levels of perceived autonomy and competition. In contrast, researchers having a consequentialist ethical orientation is positively associated with misconduct in business research. High levels of competition in the research environment reinforce this effect. Our results reveal a potentially toxic combination comprising researchers with a strong consequentialist orientation who are embedded in highly competitive research environments. Our research calls for the development of ethical orientations grounded on maxims rather than anticipated consequences among researchers. We conclude that measures for ethical governance in business schools should consider the ethical orientation that underlies researchers’ decision-making and the organizational and institutional environment in which business researchers are embedded.

Accounting Students Perceptions of Accountants Unethical Behavior

This study aims to find out and obtain empirical evidence about the influence of ethical orientation, and the level of knowledge regarding accounting scandals on students' perceptions of the accountant's unethical behavior. The sampling in this study used the Purposive Sampling method which produced a sample of 77 S1 students of the Accounting Study Program at PGRI Madiun University who had completed the Auditing and Behavioral Accounting course. The data analysis method of this study uses Structural Equiation modeling (SEM) analysis with Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results showed that there are factors that influence students' perceptions of the accountant's unethical behavior. These results are all hypotheses accepted, namely the level of student knowledge about accounting scandals, student relativism and student idealism affecting students' perceptions of unethical behavior.

Student journalists exhibit different mindsets but agree on the need for truthful reporting

ABSTRACT This study investigates the ethical orientations journalism students bring to the profession they seek to enter. Using Q methodology to explore the participants’ subjective conceptions of journalism, we map their attitudes and beliefs about journalistic norms and ethics. Participants (n = 54) sorted 28 statements about journalism from ‘most like’ their journalistic mindset to ‘most unlike.’ Factor analysis identified two distinct mindsets among the participants, one expressing a traditional journalistic mindset, the other embracing a more involved, vocal journalism. Yet both factors expressed strong support for many facets of traditional journalism and embraced an orientation towards the search for truth and the need for truthful reporting.

Supervisors’ Ethical Orientation and Meaningful Work

Supervisors’ Ethical Orientation and Meaningful Work

Теоретичні аспекти особливостей впливу батька й матері на формування особистості дошкільника

The article describes the theoretical aspects of the parents’ influence on the formation of the preschooler’s personality. It is noted that modernization and adaptation to nowadays realities of preschool education curriculum in Ukraine requires the introduction of clear methodological principles, which take into account current global and European trends in preschool education and, at the same time, are based on national heritage and Ukrainian culture. The research uses general scientific research methods i.e. theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical scientific literature, analysis of legislative documents and generalization of data, and specific scientific methods such as natural, open observations. It is theoretically grounded the importance of cooperation between the preschool institutions and preschoolers’ parents for the development of their physical, mental and moral health, their self-identification and self-awareness, for the development of their practical and soft skills, ethical orientations and emotional receptivity. The overall development of the child’s personality depends on the cooperation of the family and preschool teachers in the process of child’s socialization in preschool institutions. It is noted, that parental authority depends on the unity of both parents’ demands on the child and on the ability to successfully use their parental authority. Parental authority mirrors the attitude of preschoolers to their families in the future perspective, because they will project the same attitude on their children. It is generalized that family upbringing is manifested in constant actions and influence of mothers and fathers to achieve the proper education of their children. Raising a child should be an organized and purposeful process, consciously guided by the interaction of family members and teachers in preschool educational institutions, where socially necessary tasks of children and youth education are implemented. Keywords: childʼs personality, preschool education, upbringing, parents, psychological qualities.

Different orientation of the socio-economic ethics of Orthodoxy in the dispute between the “Possessors” and “Non-Possessors” (XV-XVI cc.)

Different orientation of the socio-economic ethics of Orthodoxy in the dispute between the “Possessors” and “Non-Possessors” (XV-XVI cc.)

GENRE ORIGINS AND WORLDVIEWS OF THE GALICIAN SPIWOHRA

Galician spiwohra is one of the genres that needs more extensive research in the reconstruction of the holistic panoramic image of the Ukrainian musical and theatrical heritage. Silenced throughout the Soviet period through the authorship of priests - composers and playwrights, the spiwohra needs both a more detailed study in its inseparable connection with various artistic sources, and clarifying the conditions of its return to the modern theater stage. The aim of the article is to find out the main national origins and Western European prototypes of the spiwohra of composerspriests of the second half of the XIX century. and its focus on the educational function among Ukrainians in Galicia The research methodology is reflected in the following tasks: 1) analysis of basic research on the work of composerspriests and the spiwohra in Ukrainian musicology; 2) distinguishing the main national and Western European prototypes of the Ukrainian Galician spiwohra; 3) substantiation of ethical and didactic orientation of the spiwohra; 4) generalization and disclosure of prospects for further research on this topic. Scientific novelty. The article systematizes the origins of the musical-scenic genre of spiwohra, and traces the ways and means of achieving various goals by composers-priests in this genre: the assertion of their national identity; representation of one's own spiritual tradition before representatives of other nations, establishment of cultural and artistic ties between neighboring nations Conclusion. Composers-priests in the spiwohra consistently nurtured the direction of performing arts, the importance of which for national culture is difficult to overestimate and which in modern conditions has not lost its relevance. His influence, despite all the avant-garde and postmodern modifications of modern theater, remains significant in the search for national priorities of performing arts. Undoubtedly, the musical segment of the Galician choir has received an independent artistic "biography" for many decades. Both the folk song, naturally included in the plot of the dramatic action, and the music, which was specially written for individual performances by composers-priests, if considered holistically, systematically, constitute a very voluminous layer of Ukrainian culture.

СУЧАСНІ АФОРИСТИЧНІ ВИСЛОВЛЮВАННЯ В АРАБСЬКІЙ ОНЛАЙН -КОМУНІКАЦІЇ

The texts of aphoristic orientation in the Arabic cultural and entertaining content of the social media are analysed. The subject of the study involves linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic features of Arabic aphoristic Internet sayings. The analysis of more than 500 text units reveals that aphoristic posts are published online in the form of memes in order to express cultural, moral and ethical values and orientations, philosophical and aesthetic views of users, as well as for their emotional support. It was found that the main functions of aphoristic memes are emotional, communicative and phatic with such sayings mainly including motivational and narrative messages, advices, greetings, and appeals, that are often accompanied by a chain element inherent in the social networks (such as a direct call to spread the message). On top of that the thematic classification of the studied memes was offered, with the following themes being involved: human behaviour and character, emotions and experiences, moral and ethical values, philosophical reflections on the attitudes to life, human relationships, everyday life, etc. The linguistic features of expression of the binary opposition "self – other" in the context of its influence on the emotional expressiveness of the aphoristic lexicon are outlined as well. On the other hand, it is noted that the important feature of aphoristic memes is the active use of emotionally expressive lexis, colloquial elements, figures of speech (metaphors, epithets, similes, etc.), verbs of the imperative mood. The language code in the aforementioned sayings is represented primarily with Modern Standard Arabic (with minor deviations). This reflects the identity of a wide circle of Arabic-speaking online users, regardless of their affiliation with a particular ethnic, social or gender group.

Features of the Professional and Ethical Orientation of Students of “Helping” Professions

Features of the Professional and Ethical Orientation of Students of “Helping” Professions

The Role of Ethical Orientation and Moral Intensity in Improving Ethical Decision of An Auditor

Abstract. Ethical decision making is an action expected to be performed by an auditor despite facing conditions involving an ethical dilemma. This study aims to examine the ethical decision of auditors through ethical orientation as well as the moral intensity owned by the auditor. This study was conducted at the Auditor Inspectorate in Tegal City with a census sampling technique obtained 33 auditors as research respondents. Regression analyses are used to test the effect of ethical orientation and moral intensity on the ethical decisions of an auditor. Partial hypothesis testing results show that ethical and moral orientation affects the ethical decisions of Auditors. This study gives implications that with the ethical orientation and moral intensity of the auditors in conducting its function, the auditor will consider the ethical aspect to improve their integrity.Keywords: Ethical Decision; Ethical Orientation; Moral Intensity.Abstrak. Pengambilan keputusan etis adalah tindakan yang diharapkan dapat dilakukan oleh seorang auditor meskipun menghadapi kondisi yang melibatkan dilema etis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keputusan etis auditor berdasarkan orientasi etis dan intensitas moral yang dimiliki auditor. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Auditor Inspektorat Kota Tegal melalui teknik sensus sampling diperoleh 33 auditor sebagai responden penelitian. Analisis regresi digunakan untuk menguji pengaruh orientasi etis dan intensitas moral terhadap keputusan etis auditor. Hasil pengujian hipotesis secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa orientasi etis dan intensitas moral berpengaruh terhadap keputusan etis auditor. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bahwa dengan orientasi etis dan intensitas moral, auditor dalam menjalankan fungsinya akan mempertimbangkan aspek etika untuk meningkatkan integritasnya.Kata Kunci:Keputusan Etis; Orientasi Etis; Intensitas Moral.

Moral education of students in the contemporary society

With the advancement of the contemporary society to the stage of global digitalization, the issues of personality education, its means and methods are becoming increasingly important. The strategy of Russias scientific-technological development presupposes, among other things, the formation of certain ideological and axiological priorities, in accordance with which the value characteristics of the information society change and reproduce. Moral education is a purposeful development of the personal moral culture: moral activity, system of values, moral feelings and behavior that corresponds to the ideals and principles of humanistic morality. Moral activity as an important personal quality in the information society presupposes an internal need for continuous moral improvement, a desire to creatively set and solve new, increasingly complex tasks of the technological development. The development of such moral activity of the student also means his ability to choose actions on the basis of the contemporary trends of the dynamic social development, and to choose actions that are the most appropriate for a specific situation. The organization of moral education at the university consists of two main interrelated directions: moral education and teaching students the skills of moral behavior. Complex activities of the university serve not only as a means of moral education but also as its condition, which requires their inclusion in the educational process and purposeful organization. The efficiency of moral education at the university depends on the system of influence on students, and its main components are as follows: ethical education and teaching ethical disciplines; development of sustainable traditions of corporate culture (mission of the university, system of life values, ethical codes of students and teachers, etc.); ethical orientation of general-theoretical and professional disciplines; moral-educational components in the organization of the educational process; non-learning activities with students, labor education, volunteer activities, etc.