Ethical Leadership Style Research Articles

COMPARISON OF ETHICAL, TRANSFORMATIONAL, PATERNALISTIC, SPIRITUAL AND INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLES

In this study, it is aimed to compare the ethical, transformational, paternalistic, spiritual, and instructional leadership styles of school principals. For this purpose, the research has been carried out according to the survey model. 586 teachers from Istanbul province participated in the study. A high level of a positive correlation has been found between the leadership styles of school administrators perceived by the teachers. Teachers most perceived ethical leadership style and least perceived paternalist leadership style of school administrators. While teachers' perceptions of instructional, transformational, ethical, and spiritual leadership styles differ significantly according to their gender; It does not differ significantly according to their educational status. It has been determined that the instructional, transformational, ethical, paternalist, and spiritual leadership styles of school administrators differ significantly according to the type, grade, and age variables. The instructional, transformational, paternalist and spiritual leadership styles of school principals do not differ significantly according to the seniority variable; however, it has been determined that the ethical leadership style of school administrators differed significantly according to the seniority variable. It has been determined that instructional, transformational, ethical, paternalist, and spiritual leadership styles of school administrators differ significantly; according to the type of schools, grade, and age variables.

Training Warrior-Cops or Guardian-Officers? Law Enforcement Agencies’ Leadership Styles Matter

In effort to enhance our understanding of the historical and currently problematic relationship between law enforcement agencies and Black communities in the United States, we seek to extend the research on the warrior-cop vs guardian-officer conceptual framework by leveraging management and organizational psychology literatures. Specifically, we integrate leadership style and institutional resentment theories to develop and test a model to examine how law enforcement agencies’ authoritarian leadership style (LEA ALS) and law enforcement agencies’ ethical leadership style (LEA ELS) impact law enforcement agency (LEA) resentment via Black people’s perceptions of abusive police behavior. In a field study of African-Americans and people of African or Caribbean descent in America, we find that while LEA ALS is positively related to Black people’s perceptions of abusive police behavior, LEA ELS is negatively related to Black people’s perceptions of abusive police behavior. In turn, Black people’s perceptions of abusive police behavior is positively related LEA resentment. Consequently, Black people’s perceptions of abusive police behavior mediated the relationship between LEA leadership style and LEA resentment. Theoretical contributions, practical implications, and future research are discussed.

Ethical Leadership Practices and Trust Among Public School Leaders in Malaysia

Abstract: Integrating values in managing a school is crucial to balance the role of school leaders as leaders and managers under one roof. This study highlights the practice of ethical leadership (branch of value-based leadership) based on seven dimensions. Using a mixed method (QUAN-qual) approach, this study i) identifies the level of principal’s ethical leadership practices and trust in leader as perceived by primary and secondary school teachers of Malaysia, ii) explores the relationship between both variables and classifies accordingly the subconstructs of ethical leadership practices that significantly contribute to developing trust in their leaders, iii) ascertain the understanding and practices of ethical leadership style among the principals as perceived by the principals themselves. The quantitative data were collected via Ethical Leadership at Workplace (ELW) and Trust in Leader (TL) questionnaire. A total of 438 public school teachers nationwide responded to the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical method. The findings show that principals throughout the country practiced high ethical leadership. The level of teacher's trust in principals was also high. The inference analysis found very strong significant relationship between ethical leadership and teachers' trust on their principals. A semi-structured interview with three school principals was conducted to collect the qualitative data revealed that the Malaysian principals lacked the understanding of ethical leadership style, nevertheless practiced several dimensions of ethical leadership in their school administration. The study suggests ethical leadership to be integrated into current school leadership practices to further understand its impact.
 Keywords: Ethical leadership, School Leadership, Trust in Leader, Value-based Leadership

Mediaton Leader Member Exchange, Intrinsic Motivation and Psychological Empowerment the Influence Ethical Leadership on Employee Creativity and Work Innovation

This study examines the effect of ethical leadership style on employee creativity and work innovation by using leader member exchange, intrinsic motivation and psychological empowerment as mediating variables. This type of research is associative research. Data collection in this study was conducted through a survey approach with quantitative descriptive research type by distributing questionnaires to 217 respondents, data collection techniques were carried out by interviews, questionnaires and documentation studies. The data analysis tool used in this study uses SPSS (Statistical Product Software Solution). Instrument Test In this study using Validity Test and Reliability Test. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive analysis, hypothesis testing. The results showed that the Ethical Leadership variable Affects Intrinsic Motivation, Ethical Leadership Affects Leader Member Exchange, Ethical Leadership Affects Employee Psychological Empowerment, Leader Member Exchange Affects Employee Creativity, Intrinsic Motivation Affects Employee Creativity, Psychological Empowerment Affects Employee Creativity, Employee Creativity Affects Work Innovation.

The impact of green HRM on green creativity: mediating role of pro-environmental behaviors and moderating role of ethical leadership style

In the aftermath of global warming, organizations are coming under increasing pressure to reduce carbon emissions, minimize waste, and generally become more responsible in their practices. To this backdrop, researchers argue that organizational HR practices have significant potential in shaping human behaviors. Therefore, by investigating the employment of a subordinate-supervisor dyad (N = 378 (subordinates), and 141 (supervisors)), this empirical study contributes to the growing literature on Green Human Resource Management (green HRM) and its impacts on employees’ green outcomes. In particular, this study tested a novel model to explore the impact of green HRM on Green Creativity (GC) of employees in mediating the role of Pro-Environmental Behaviors (PEBs) and moderating the role of Ethical Leadership Style (ELS). Data were collected from organizations in the Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) region of Pakistan. For testing the results of the proposed hypotheses, structural equation modelling technique using SMART PLS 3 was employed. The results indicate that green HRM has a positive impact on employees’ GC. Furthermore, partial mediating role of PEBs was also found. Finally, it was found that the ELS moderates the relationship between green HRM and GC and between green HRM and PEBs. Several theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Ethical leadership, psychological empowerment and caring behavior from the nurses’ perspective

Background Care is the basis of the nursing profession and nurse’s caring behavior is one of the important factors in patient satisfaction. On the other hand, psychological empowerment can improve the provision of care services, and leaders have a significant impact on the behavior of followers. This study determined the correlation between ethical leadership, psychological empowerment, and caring behavior from nurses’ perspective. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2019. A total of 200 nurses were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected with ethical leadership, caring behavior and psychological empowerment questionnaires and analyzed with descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation, frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, regression, and t-test) using SPSS20. Results The findings showed a significant correlation between ethical leadership, psychological empowerment (P < 0.001, r = 0.24) and caring behavior of nurses (P < 0.001, r = 0.25). Also, there was a significant correlation between psychological empowerment and nurses’ caring behavior (P = 0.002, r = 0.21). The regression analysis showed that ethical leadership and psychological empowerment are a predictor of caring behavior of nurses. Conclusion Applying an ethical leadership style by nursing managers can lead to nurses’ improved psychological empowerment and caring behaviors and ultimately, patient care quality. Thus, considering guidelines at the team and organizational levels and programs such as providing workshops and periodic counseling to cultivate ethical nurse leadership can lead to better caring behavior.

Indigenous Health Leadership: A Kaupapa MāoriPerspective from Aotearoa – New Zealand

This article describes the challenge of addressing indigenous health leadership to reduce ethnic disparity in modern healthcare. The indigenous New Zealand population, Māori, are disadvantaged across many health domains including...

The Islamic Ethical Leadership and Employees’ Ethical Behavior: The Moderating Role of Ethical Sensitivity

Previous literatures have described the influence of ethical leadership on employees’ outcomes. However, many researchers have not yet revealed the mechanism of this effect. Previous research has found that cultural and social factors influence leader-ship styles; therefore, studying ethical leadership styles in different cultural and social environments is important in order to uncover the effectiveness of ethical leadership styles. The purpose of this study was to examine how the mechanism of Islamic ethical leadership influences the behavior of professional nurses who work at the Islamic Hos-pital. There were 212 professional nurses used as the respondents in this study. The data were collected using questionnaires and processed quantitatively using Struc-tural Equation Model (SEM) - WarpPLS 5.0. The results showed that all the hypoth-eses proposed were accepted. Islamic ethical leadership is proven to have a significant influence on ethical behavior of nurses. Besides, ethical sensitivity is proven to have a significant positive effect on ethical behavior. This study also proves that ethical sensitivity moderates the influence of Islamic ethical leadership on nurses' ethical be-havior. It can be implied that ethical sensitivity is an important factor for developing employees’ ethical behavior in the workplace.

Promoting green behavior through ethical leadership: a model of green human resource management and environmental knowledge

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the influence of supervisor's ethical leadership style on subordinates' green or pro-environmental work behavior in the presence of green human resource management (GHRM) as a mediator and environmental knowledge as a moderator.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire-based was distributed to 427 supervisor–subordinate dyads working in various Pakistani organizations. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the mechanisms and boundary conditions in the relationship between supervisor's ethical leadership style and subordinates' green behavior.FindingsStructural equation modeling supported a partial mediating role of GHRM in the influence of ethical leadership on green work behavior. Further, the findings revealed that employee's environmental knowledge can magnify the indirect impact of ethical leadership, via GHRM, on green behavior.Research limitations/implicationsCross-sectional survey data are typically associated with common method bias. To counter this bias, we collected data from dual sources, namely, supervisors and their subordinates. The research findings have implications in deepening the understanding of the impact of ethical leadership in improving environmental performance of the organization.Originality/valueThis is the first study that utilizes multi-sourced data to examine the mediating role of GHRM and the moderating role of environmental knowledge in the relationship between ethical leadership and green behavior at work.

Leadership Styles and Organizational Knowledge Management Activities: A Systematic Review

Leaders play a critical role in the success or failure of their organizations. Leaders can be effective in implementing changes, building their organization's capabilities, and improving its performance, or the opposite, they could be ineffective. In this systematic review, the authors aim to summarize the findings of previous quantitative research, published between the period from 2000 to 2018, to identify the effect of various leadership styles on organizational Knowledge management (KM) capabilities and activities. The authors reviewed 50 articles found in well-known databases included Emerald, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis, Ebsco, Google Scholar, and others, concerning the impact of leadership when implementing KM in business organizations. The review revealed that transformational, transactional, knowledge-oriented leadership, top executives, and strategic leadership have evidence of their constant and positive effect on the KM process. The authors encourage organizations to use a combination of those styles to maximize the effect of leadership on KM. The authors also recommend conducting further studies on the effect of the remaining leadership styles, such as the ethical and servant leadership styles on KM and the other specific KM activities.

Ethical Leadership Style and the Dark Personality Dimensions of Effective person in Earnings Management

Ethical Leadership Style and the Dark Personality Dimensions of Effective person in Earnings Management

Ethical leadership and decision authority effects on nurses' engagement, exhaustion, and turnover intention.

The aim of the present study was to investigate emotional exhaustion, work engagement, and turnover intention in the nursing profession by exploring the antecedent effects of ethical leadership and job components such as decision authority. Emotional exhaustion, low work engagement, and high turnover intention are prevalent issues in the nursing profession. The experience of feeling overworked has led to feelings of burnout and low morale among nurses in Ireland, which has prompted the authors to identify potential variables that reduce these outcomes-in this case, ethical leadership and decision authority. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used across three hospital sites. A cross-sectional sample of 89 nurses was recruited from three Irish hospitals to capture the experience of nurses between December 2017 - February 2018. Hypotheses were tested using path model analysis. Ethical leadership positively predicted decision authority among nurses. Ethical leadership also had an indirect effect on all three outcome variables (work engagement, exhaustion, and turnover intention). Further effects were noted in relation to the mediators in relation to the three outcome variables. Decision authority had a positive effect on work engagement and related to lower turnover intention. The present study demonstrated the role of ethical leadership as a mechanism to positively affect job control and work experience outcomes for nurses at work. Ethical leadership style in hospitals and providing nurses with the authority to make decisions can improve their work experience and help to engage, support, and retain nurses. The study found support for the positive role of ethical leadership in relation to decision authority and as a positive predictor of work engagement, negative predictor of emotional exhaustion, and turnover intention among nurses.

The effect of ethical leadership on employees’ empowerment: Field study at Al- Azhar University in Assuit - Arab Republic of Egypt: أثر القيادة الأخلاقية على تمكين العاملين: دراسة ميدانية على العاملين في جامعة الأزهر بأسيوط - جمهورية مصر العربية

Empowering employees is one of the recent administrative trends in human resource development, which is responsible for increasing productivity and improving quality and profitability in organizations. In order to permit the organization to achieve this, it needs to adopt an ethical leadership style that provides the appropriate climate to support the empowerment of workers. The study aimed to investigate the impact of ethical leadership on employees’ empowerment at Al- Azhar University in Assuit. The research problem of the current study was represented in the following inquiry: Does ethical leadership affects employees’ empowerment at Al- Azhar University in Assuit branch? The study relied on the descriptive-analytical approach. The researcher used Pearson correlation to measure the strength of association between the two variables of this study (ethical leadership and employees’ empowerment) and their dimensions and direction of the association. The researcher used simple regression analysis to test the hypotheses and relationships of the independent and dependent variables. The study sample included (317) people from Al- Azhar University where data was collected using a survey list prepared for the purpose of the study and only 255 questionnaires were received, rates about 80%. And the study reached several results; the most important of which is that the degree of exercise for the two study variables came with an average degree for each of them, where the average value for ethical leadership reached (3.57) and for employee empowerment the average was (3.53). Furthermore, it was found that there was a significant effect of ethical leadership behaviors on employees’ empowerment, as the value of (T) was (1.98), which is significant at the level of (0.01). The study recommended the need to support the values ​​of ethical leadership ​​and their basic dimensions through holding training courses and workshops to spread the tenet ​​of ethical leadership in the organization and its values as well. Last but not least, we recommend the organizations to adopt an effective system that permit them to monitor the application of the concept of employees’ empowerment.

Ethical Leadership Style and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Employee Work Engagement

Background: Ethical leadership plays a vital role in improving the employees’ work engagement and has an effect on organizational citizenship behaviour. Despite the increase in awareness of ethical leadership in organizations, little attention has been given to this issue. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to draw on social exchange theory perspectives to examine the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behaviour. Methods: The study uses the cross-sectional design method and collected data from 321 employees working in the Public service Commission of Sierra Leone to test all hypotheses. Findings : The study finds that ethical leadership facilitates employees to engage in their work and encourages them to strengthening their organizational citizenship behaviour. Importantly, employees’ work engagement was found to positively mediate the effect of ethical leadership on organizational citizenship behaviour. Implications of the study and future research directions are also discussed.

Cultural Intelligence as a Pre-Requisite for Voice Behavior of Pharmaceutical Sector Employees in Indonesia: Mediating Role of Servant and Ethical Leadership Styles

The employees in every organization typically experience culture intelligence as a pre-requisite for the voice behavior of employees including the role of servant and ethical leadership style. The study has an important aim to check and analyze the influence of cultural intelligence on behavior of voice while servant leadership plus ethical leadership play an important mediating role between them. The data has been collected from almost 310 individuals, these are the front-line employees of the pharmaceutical companies. The data has been analyzed by applying various software such as SPSS and AMOS. Furthermore, the major data analysis techniques that have been used are SEM and CFA. The analysis and discussion have indicated that all hypotheses have accepted. The conclusion have signify that the leadership of servant and leadership of ethics as a mediators has an important role and positive mediating role in the association between behavior of voice and cultural intelligence of employees under the company. Moreover, the given study is novel and original because no previous study has checked the servant leadership and ethical leadership between intelligence based on culture and behavior of voice. The study is also effective in terms of theoretical, managerial, and practical implications. The study has helped managers and individual employees to understand behavior of voice in the workplace.

The Relationship between Ethical Leadership Styles and Employees Effective Work Practices

South African Higher ]Education Institutions are diverse, highly debated by academia as well as the portfolio committee on higher education and structured with a strong focus on the customer being students, with a negligible concern for the academic and professional employees. The revolutionary changes at Higher Education Institution have gestured the importance of both leadership and employees to support the transformational strategy at these institutions. Higher Education transformation has a lot to do with leadership - not the leadership of the Vice-chancellor, but the leadership of a collective of people, executive management leadership, line management leadership, academics and administration, and other stakeholders (MacGregor, 2015:28; 2012). The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the ethical leadership style of line management leadership, and academic and administrative at a South African Higher Education Institution in KwaZulu-Natal. Data analysis utilized a quantitative method with an academic sample size of 165 (52.9%) and administrative sample size of 147 (47.1%). The study used descriptive and linear regression analysis to examine the two variables. The descriptive findings revealed that ethical leadership style was not present at the line management leadership level. The inferential analysis findings exhibited a significant strong linear relationship of 74.7% between line management leadership and employee items. Data analysis revealed that line management leadership style had an impact on employees’ performance and behavior at the institution. Thus, it is imperative to have a fully engaged workforce in order for an institution to achieve greater levels of innovation, intrapreneurship, design thinking and financial management.

Building ethical leadership through training and development approach at a higher education institution in South Africa

The research has shown that many leaders lack ethical practice, but training and development geared towards ethical leadership can serve to bridge this gap in theory and practice. This paper focuses primarily on the key aspect of training and development to promote more ethical leadership within a higher education institution setting. The data were drawn from a mixed-method study adopting both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Simple random sampling constituted a sample of 312 academic and administrative staff members at the institution. The purposeful sampling for the qualitative component was a realized sample of 3 executive management leadership and 9 line management leadership participants, indicating a total response rate of 67%. The results for executive management leadership reflect poor leadership style from the employees’ perspective in relation to respect and fairness, transparency, behavior, and other ethical leadership-related items (of M = 2.74, SD = 0.033). In addition, there was a clear need for leadership to attend ongoing training courses (M = 4.20, SD = 0.904). From the qualitative perspective, more than 50% of the leadership respondents indicated no appropriate university leadership programmes or ethical leadership programs. Therefore, the investment in training and development can promote more ethical leadership style, which in turn can have a positive impact on employees (M = 4.43, SD = 0.740). In light of this, the results provide a strong inclination towards more training and development programs to ensure that leaders develop ethical considerations in their role as leaders.

Association between ethical leadership, ethical climate and organizational citizenship behavior from nurses\u2019 perspective: a descriptive correlational study

BackgroundEthical leadership plays an important role in improving the organizational climate and may be have an effect on citizenship behavior. Despite the growing emphasis on ethics in organizations, little attention to has been given this issue. The purpose of this study was to identify ethical leadership, an ethical climate, and their relationship with organizational citizenship behavior from nurses’ perspective.MethodsIn this descriptive correlational study, 250 nurses in twelve teaching hospitals in Tehran were selected by multistage sampling during 2016–2017. The data were collected using Ethical Leadership Questionnaire, Hospital Ethical Climate Survey, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale.ResultsThe findings showed a significant correlation between ethical leadership in managers, organizational citizenship behavior (P = 0.04, r = 0.09) and an ethical climate (P < 0.001, r = 0.65). There was a significant correlation between an ethical climate and nurses’ organizational citizenship behavior (P < 0.001, r = 0.61). The regression analysis showed that ethical leadership and an ethical climate is a predictor of organizational citizenship behavior and confirms the relationship between the variables.ConclusionApplying an ethical leadership style and creating the necessary conditions for a proper ethical climate in hospitals lead to increased organizational citizenship behavior by staff. To achieve organizational goals, nurse managers can use these concepts to enhance nurses’ satisfaction and improve their performance.

The Relationship between Managers' Ethical Leadership Style with Professional Commitment and Ethical Sensitivity among Physicians of a Military Hospital

The Relationship between Managers' Ethical Leadership Style with Professional Commitment and Ethical Sensitivity among Physicians of a Military Hospital

A study on the effect of ethical leadership on teachers’ moral motivation at schools in Pakistan

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of ethical leadership on moral motivation of teachers in the schools of Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachScenario-based experimental design was used to collect data (N = 174 teachers) from 25 schools in the city of Islamabad. Participants included 156 females and 18 males aged 23–37 years. Ethical leadership was measured at both construct and component levels (moral person and moral manager).FindingsThe results found that the moral person component of ethical leadership style heightens the moral identity (internalization)-based moral motivation, while the moral manager component and ethical leadership at construct level style increases moral identity (symbolization)-based moral motivation. Interestingly, in the absence of reward, only the moral person component of ethical leadership style maintained participants’ moral motivation.Originality/valueThe originality of this study lies in highlighting the divergence in ethical leadership style at component level that explains the differences in moral motivation of the teachers.