Ethical Knowledge Research Articles

Increasing representation and diversity in health research: A protocol of the MYHealth research training program for high school students.

Despite decades of calls for increased diversity in the health research workforce, disparities exist for many populations, including Black, Indigenous, and People of Color individuals, those from low-income families, and first-generation college students. To increase representation of historically marginalized populations, there is a critical need to develop programs that strengthen their path toward health research careers. High school is a critically important time to catalyze interest and rebuild engagement among youth who may have previously felt excluded from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and health research careers. The overall objective of the MYHealth program is to engage high school students in a community-based participatory research program focused on adolescent health. Investigators will work alongside community partners to recruit 9th through 12th graders who self-identify as a member of a group underrepresented in STEM or health research careers (e.g., based on race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, first generation college student, disability, etc.). MYHealth students are trained to be co-researchers who work alongside academic researchers, which will help them to envision themselves as scientists capable of positively impacting their communities through research. Implemented in three phases, the MYHealth program aims to foster a continuing interest in health research careers by developing: 1) researcher identities, 2) scientific literacy, 3) scientific self-efficacy, and 4) teamwork and leadership self-efficacy. In each phase, students will build knowledge and skills in research, ethics, data collection, data analysis, and dissemination. Students will directly collaborate with and be mentored by a team that includes investigators, community advisors, scientific advisors, and youth peers. Each year, a new cohort of up to 70 high school students will be enrolled in MYHealth. We anticipate the MYHealth program will increase interest and persistence in STEM and health research among groups that have been historically excluded in health research careers.

Nurses' Views On Ethical Practices In Nursing Care: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT
 Objectives: Nurses are required to make ethical decisions with the ethical principles of the nursing profession while making decisions in clinical practice. Therefore, it is very important to recognize and solve ethical problems. The purpose of this research is to learn in-depth the views of nurses about ethical practices and nurses' behavior towards individuals when giving care.
 Methods: A hermeneutic-phenomenological qualitative study was performed. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured in-depth interviews from March to November 2020, four hospital in Kocaeli. This qualitative study was carried out with the data collected in face-to-face in-depth interviews with the semi-structured questionnaire. Interviews were conducted with 40 nurses and each interview took 30–60 min. The obtained data were evaluated with the inductive content analysis method. 
 Results: Content analysis of the interview based on nurses' descriptions revealed four major themes. Themes: The meaning given to care ethics, difficulties encountered in nursing care, ethical values in nursing care and ethical approachs of hospital management. The nurses indicated level of care ethics knowledge was insufficient and they needed to receive comprehensive ethical care training from a qualified specialist. In addition, nurses' personal characteristics, religious and cultural values, and professional experiences were found to be factors affecting nursing care. It was also find that the support and motivation of nurses by their managers positively affected their care.
 Conclusion: In the interviews, nurses consider it necessary to provide care by paying attention to ethical behaviors in nursing care and practices for the development and professionalism of the profession, but they state that they do not have an idea about how this will be provided. It was determined that nurses thought that more attention should be paid to the importance and value of ethics in nursing interventions, and ethical practices in nursing care should be included in in-service training programs.

Perceptions of pediatric residents and pediatricians about ethical dilemmas: The case of Turkey

BackgroundThis study determined the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of pediatricians and pediatric residents regarding issues of ethics, professional education, clinical ethical principles, and consent they encounter in health service delivery. MethodsParticipants in the study were 134 pediatricians and pediatric residents from three hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. Participants were asked questions regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, their knowledge and views of ethics and ethical education, whether they had ever encountered an ethical problem, their beliefs about obtaining consent from pediatric patients and their families, and case-based questions. All data were collected and evaluated. ResultsOf the participants in the study, 82 (61.2%) were residents, 41 (30.6%) were pediatricians, and 11 (8.2%) were faculty lecturers. The data revealed that 10% of the pediatricians and pediatric residents received ethical education, apart from medical ethics/deontology education at medical school, and 90.3% required further education on children and ethical problems. It was determined that 89% of residents and 78% of pediatricians needed help with the ethical problems they encountered during the diagnostic and treatment processes. Overall, 65.7% of the participants stated that the ethical problems they encountered affected the efficiency of health service delivery. It was observed that residents were more affected by ethical issues than pediatricians were. The present study revealed that pediatric residents and pediatricians need ethics education and there is a need to establish ethics counseling centers in hospitals. There is also a need for further studies in pediatrics and ethics.

Bir Dilbilim Tezi Örneğinden Hareketle Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği İhlalleri Üzerine

Preparing a scientific thesis is not an easy and frivolous matter that can be done by anyone. Writing a thesis without adequate knowledge of scientific ethics, knowledge, technique, theory and method can sometimes lead to dire consequences. When an uninterested and ill-equipped supervisor is added to this, the situation becomes unmanageable. In this article, based on the example of a thesis in the field of linguistics, with a similarity rate exceeding 53%, unnecessarily prolonged with word lists listed one after the other, written without consulting dictionaries by leaving out a large part of the data, and full of ethical violations and inaccuracies, some violations of scientific research and publication ethics that should be considered in academic studies are revealed. In our article, in which we want to show that the preparation of a thesis requires a good knowledge of theory, method and scientific ethics as well as serious knowledge, the thesis we have taken as an example is analyzed in terms of technical, theoretical, ethical, methodological and informational errors, and some evaluations and proposals are made in the conclusion. Our aim is to create awareness and sensitivity about scientific research and publication ethics, which are not given enough importance, and to be useful to young researchers who will prepare theses, papers, articles and books. Because if no one objects, this irregularity and indiscipline will continue to increase and Turkish academia will lose its prestige in international platforms. Keywords: Thesis, linguistics, place names, plagiarism, dictionary, scientific ethics.

Adapting the Serious Illness Conversation Guide for Dementia Care.

Introduction: Advance care planning (ACP), a critical component of quality dementia care, is underutilized due to lack of clinician comfort and the challenging nature of ACP in this context. The Serious Illness Conversation Guide (SICG) is a well-validated clinician-facing tool, developed with patient and clinician input, to facilitate ACP. The aim of this project was to adapt the SICG for dementia for the first time to promote high-quality ACP. Methods: This study uses a mixed-methods approach to adapt the SICG tool for use in dementia care. Experts with relevant clinical, ethical, and topical knowledge were interviewed to develop alterations to the SICG for dementia care. Patients and caregivers were shown a mock interview of the adapted SICG for dementia (SICG-D) to elicit feedback. Results: 8 relevant experts were interviewed. Adaptations included topical alterations to make the conversation more applicable to dementia as well as alterations to the structure of the conversation to accommodate the patient-caregiver dyad. Twenty interviews were conducted with 14 patients and 18 caregivers (either together or separately). A thematic content analysis of interview transcripts demonstrated positive impressions of the tool. In anonymous survey results, 94% reported a positive impression of the conversation and 89% endorsed incorporation of the adapted guide into dementia healthcare. Conclusion: This paper presents the SICG-D, an adapted version of the SICG for use in dementia care. This guide leverages the strengths of the SICG to promote values-based ACP conversations and has been adapted to better facilitate patient-caregiver-clinician triadic communication.

Maintaining High Integrity and Ethical Practices as an Investment Adviser

In finance, unethical behavior is a regular occurrence. Across History, and most notably the 2008 financial crisis, the age of risk-taking and profit maximization has been at the forefront of financial firms' and institutions' minds beyond the prioritization of integrity. Through the literature review, I researched this conversation to reveal the leading unethical practices that have arisen in the investment advisory industry. The main ethical problems include but are not limited to compensation, corporate culture, and risk-taking. In the scholarly conversation, articles bypass coming to a standard narrative that helps present a solution to these problems. Establishing my research question, “How can Investment Advisers in the United States most effectively promote ethical behavior beyond having good intentions alone?” Semi-structured interviews with six investment advisers were used to accomplish this best. Then a thematic analysis was used, with the most common themes being acting voluntarily, establishing a moral framework, and fostering knowledge through mentorship and experience. After the conversation of these themes, I present a standard narrative. From establishing the themes such as ethical obligation and knowledge, virtue ethics, an ancient philosophy coined by Aristotle in his book “The Nicomachean Ethics,” which encompasses moral and intellectual virtues, will most effectively bridge the absence of ethics in the industry. It is an advanced moral perspective young advisers usually do not have; therefore, researchers must study the role of virtue ethics in the industry and its implications.

In Search of Ethics Infrastructure in U.S. Local Governments: Building Blocks or Dead End?

The literature in public administration has advanced various propositions to promote ethical behavior. Local governments have undertaken various efforts in that direction. Those efforts are considered critical for building ethical leadership and culture in the long run. Based on a literature review and use of Social Learning Theory, we identify four building blocks of an ethics infrastructure for public organizations. Employing a comprehensive survey of local governments, this paper shows that displaying awareness and knowledge of ethics, enforcing rules and norms, demonstrating policy support for ethical behavior, and incentivizing the right behaviors are key building blocks of ethics infrastructure that still need improvement in local governments. The reality of ethics infrastructure revealed by the survey is far from the idealism promoted in the literature. We discuss the results and offer several insights and remedies.

Committed to Ethics: How Ethical Leadership and Ethical Climate Foster Knowledge Sharing in Private Higher Education Institutions

Private higher education in Lebanon is facing mounting challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic and the unprecedented economic crisis that has left the once-distinguished sector struggling for survival. These crises, whose effects will last long after they are over, require private universities to bolster their education and reputation in order to remain afloat amid the drain of competent labour as well as widespread corruption that permeates all levels of society. By attracting and retaining ethical leaders, and fostering an ethical climate characterized by open communication, accountability, and trust, universities in Lebanon can stand out as resilient knowledge- intensive organizations and beacons of hope in a surrounding marked by despair. Drawing on social learning and social exchange theories, this quantitative study empirically examines the direct and indirect relationships among ethical leadership, ethical climate, and the bidirectional process of knowledge sharing (knowledge collecting and knowledge donating). In total, 585 responses from academic and non-academic staff employed in nine private higher education institutions in Lebanon were collected via a web-based self-administered questionnaire using the Qualtrics platform. Hierarchical regression analysis and Hayes’ PROCESS macro for SPSS were used to test the hypotheses. Findings reveal that ethical leadership positively influences employee knowledge sharing behaviour. Specifically, the study presents evidence that perceptions of the ethical climate serve as a mechanism through which ethical leadership affects knowledge collecting and knowledge donating in varying strengths. The findings encourage deeper consideration of ethics in higher education leadership and demonstrate the role universities must play in creating the conditions that facilitate knowledge sharing.

Awareness and Perception About Research Ethics and Misconduct Among the Teaching Staff of Health Colleges, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.

Despite adopting biomedical research ethics rules, regulations, and statements, unethical behavior is pervasive and frequently reported. This study assessed the perception and awareness of research Ethics and Misconduct among the Teaching Staff of Health Colleges at Jazan University, southwest Saudi Arabia. This research aimed to assess the awareness and perception of research ethics and misconduct among the teaching staff of the health colleges at Jazan University in southwest Saudi Arabia. Observational cross-sectional study targeted 424 faculty members randomly chosen from health-related colleges at Jazan University. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data using a web-based survey. The overall level of knowledge about medical ethics indicated that more than half of respondents (57.8%) had a good level of knowledge, 23.4% had a fair level of knowledge, and only 18.4% had poor knowledge. The Saudi National Committee on Bioethics was only known by 49.5% of the study participants. In addition, just 48.3% of respondents knew Saudi Arabia's national standards of ethics and principles for conducting scientific research. The knowledge of research ethics was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in participants with higher academic positions, such as professors, MD degree holders, and participants with more extensive work experience. About 48.2% reported that the severity of penalties for scientific misconduct would highly affect scientific integrity, and 74.3% found that their understanding of rules and procedures related to scientific misconduct has a very high effect on scientific integrity. Poor knowledge of research ethics is typically associated with an individual's academic job title, as "lecturer" showed a lower level of knowledge in comparison to other job titles. Even though about 50% of participants in the study had a good understanding of research ethics, it's crucial to ensure that all faculty members have a universal understanding. Therefore, it's essential to implement an appropriate research ethics training program.

How ethical leadership influences knowledge hiding? A sequential mediation model

ABSTRACT Knowledge hiding is considered a behavior that violates moral principles and can impede organizational competitive advantage. Previous studies have examined the factors influencing knowledge hiding from various perspectives. However, there is a limited understanding of how the assumed moral aspect of ethical leadership influences knowledge hiding. Drawing on theories of social learning, a theoretical model has been developed to establish a connection between ethical leadership and knowledge hiding. This model focuses on the chain mediating role of moral identity and cynicism and the moderating role of inclusive climate. To examine hypotheses, we collected survey data in three waves from a sample of 243 employees working in Chinese firms. The results demonstrated ethical leadership significantly suppresses knowledge hiding, and this relationship is explained by moral identity and cynicism. Furthermore, the relationship between ethical leadership/cynicism and knowledge hiding is weakened in a highly inclusive climate. The research finally discusses theoretical and practical implications, providing scholars with a future agenda.

Caring for older patients with reduced decision-making capacity: a deductive exploratory study of ambulance clinicians’ ethical competence

BackgroundAs more people are living longer, they become frail and are affected by multi-morbidity, resulting in increased demands from the ambulance service. Being vulnerable, older patients may have reduced decision-making capacity, despite still wanting to be involved in decision-making about their care. Their needs may be complex and difficult to assess, and do not always correspond with ambulance assessment protocols. When needing an ambulance, older patients encounter ambulance clinicians who are under high workloads and primarily consider themselves as emergency medical care providers. This situates them in the struggle between differing expectations, and ethical conflicts may arise. To resolve these, providing ethical care, focussing on interpersonal relationships and using ethical competence is needed. However, it is not known whether ambulance clinicians possess the ethical competence required to provide ethical care. Thus, the aim of this study was to deductively explore their ethical competence when caring for older patients with reduced decision-making ability.MethodsA qualitative deductive and exploratory design was used to analyse dyadic interviews with ambulance clinicians. A literature review, defining ethical competence as comprising ethical sensitivity, ethical knowledge, ethical reflection, ethical decision-making, ethical action and ethical behaviour, was used as a structured categorization matrix for the analysis.ResultsAmbulance clinicians possess ethical competence in terms of their ethical knowledge, highlighting the need for establishing an interpersonal relationship with the older patients. To establish this, they use ethical sensitivity to interpret the patients’ needs. Doing this, they are aware of their ethical behaviour, signifying how they must act respectfully and provide the necessary time for listening and interacting.ConclusionsAmbulance clinicians fail to see their gut feeling as a professional ethical competence, which might hinder them from reacting to unethical ways of working. Further, they lack ethical reflection regarding the benefits and disadvantages of paternalism, which reduces their ability to perform ethical decision-making. Moreover, their ethical knowledge is hampered by an ageist approach to older patients, which also has consequences for their ethical action. Finally, ambulance clinicians show deficiencies regarding their ethical reflections, as they reflect merely on their own actions, rather than on their values.

The need for digital health education among next-generation health workers in China: a cross-sectional survey on digital health education

BackgroundDigital health is important for sustainable health systems and universal health coverage. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, many countries, including China, have promoted the introduction of digital health in their medical services. Developing the next generation of physicians with digital health knowledge and skills is a prerequisite for maximizing the potential of digital health.ObjectiveWe aimed to understand the perception of digital health among Chinese medical students, the current implementation of digital health education in China, and the urgent need of medical students.MethodsOur cross-sectional survey was conducted online and anonymously among current medical students in China. We used descriptive statistical analysis to examine participant demographic characteristics and the demand for digital health education. Additional analysis was conducted by grouping responses by current participation in a digital health course.ResultsA total of 2122 valid responses were received from 467 medical schools. Most medical students had positive expectations that digital health will change the future of medicine. Compared with wearable devices (85.53%), telemedicine (84.16%), and medical big data (86.38%), fewer respondents believed in the benefits of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) (63.81%). Most respondents said they urgently needed digital health knowledge and skills, and the teaching method of practical training and internship (78.02%) was more popular than the traditional lecture (10.54%). However, only 41.45% wanted to learn about the ethical and legal issues surrounding digital health.ConclusionsOur study shows that the current needs of Chinese medical students for digital health education remain unmet. A national initiative on digital health education, is necessary and attention should be paid to digital health equity and education globally, focusing on CDSS and artificial intelligence. Ethics knowledge must also be included in medical curriculum. Students as Partners (SAP) is a promising approach for designing digital health courses.

Description of Ethical and Legal Dental Knowledge Level Among Students in Dentistry

Background: The practice of dentists must appropiate with the standards and ethics of the dental profession. Lack of understanding of the Kode Etik Kedokteran Gigi and lack of professional discipline have led to many cases of legal and ethical violations committed by doctors. Knowledge will affect a person's actions or practices, knowledge of dental law and ethics will influence students to act in accordance with dental ethics and law to prevent ethical and legal violations. Basically, the level of one's knowledge of professional ethics and dental law can be influenced by several factors. The aim to this study to determine the level of dental law and ethics knowledge. Method: The research was conducted by filling out questionnaires directly by the subject. The level of knowledge is classified into 3 levels, low, sufficient and high. Result: The results showed that students in the second year of preclinical, fourth year of preclinic, first year of clinic, second year of clinic, and third year of clinic had a good level of dental ethical and legal knowledge with an overall percentage in the range of 76-100%, while third year preclinical students have a sufficient level of knowledge. Conclusion: Sultan Agung Islamic University dental students have a good level of knowledge regarding the ethics and laws of dentistry.

Interest in Upgrading the Professional and Ethical Knowledge among Practicing Physiotherapists

Interest in Upgrading the Professional and Ethical Knowledge among Practicing Physiotherapists

DISSECTION HALL ETHICS: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Anatomy is the key to various streams of medical profession. To attain proper knowledge of subject, the student must go through the dissection hall in very first year of his professional life. Cadaver always remains the grace of dissection hall, which not only makes the department of anatomy alive but also facilitates practice of clinical techniques for safe clinical practice. Thus, for medical scholars it is must to have some basic ethical knowledge about good conduct in dissection hall and understanding moral values in regards to cadaver. This review highlights the ethics in context to dissection laboratory for being the first place of clinical practice.

Knowledge and attitudes of Chinese medical postgraduates toward research ethics and research ethics committees: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundResearch ethics provides the ethical standards for conducting sound and safe research. The field of medical research in China is rapidly growing and facing various ethical challenges. However, in China, little empirical research has been conducted on the knowledge and attitudes of medical postgraduates toward research ethics and RECs. It is critical for medical postgraduates to develop a proper knowledge of research ethics at the beginning of their careers. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of medical postgraduates toward research ethics and RECs.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2021 at a medical school and two affiliated hospitals in south-central China. The instrument of the study was an online survey that was distributed via WeChat.ResultsWe found that only 46.7% were familiar with the ethical guidelines for research with human subjects. In addition, 63.2% of participants were familiar with the RECs that reviewed their research, and 90.7% perceived RECs as helpful. However, only 36.8% were fully aware of the functions of RECs. In the meantime, 30.7% believed that review by an REC would delay research and make it more difficult for researchers. Furthermore, most participants (94.9%) believed that a course on research ethics should be mandatory for medical postgraduates. Finally, 27.4% of the respondents considered the fabrication of some data or results to be acceptable.ConclusionThis paper serves to suggest that research ethics education should be prioritized in medical ethics curriculum, and course syllabi or teaching methods should be revised to provide medical postgraduates with a deeper understanding of the principles, regulations, and specifics of research ethics. We also recommend that RECs provide diverse approaches in their review procedure to facilitate the understanding of medical postgraduates of the functions and processes of RECs and to enhance their awareness of research integrity.

The State of Ethics Competencies, Training and Moral Efficacy in Public Relations

ABSTRACT The Commission on Public Relations Education (CPRE) found that early-career professionals are not meeting their supervisors’ expectations in ethics knowledge. The purpose of this study was to identify what ethics competencies public relations practitioners perceive are essential and how they evaluate themselves and their colleagues regarding mastery of these competencies. The study surveyed 314 U.S. public relations and communication practitioners and revealed they perceive the most important ethics competencies to be integrity, leadership and critical thinking. Other valued competencies included a personal code of ethics or values system and ability to identify ethical issues. Early-career professionals were overconfident regarding their mastery of these skills and abilities, while mid-career and senior professionals were modest in their self-assessments. Practitioners who have obtained accreditation/certifications had more confidence in their preparedness to provide ethics counsel and engaged in ethics counseling more frequently. Recommendations for enhancing personal ethics competencies are provided.

Social Media Analysis to Enhance Sustainable Knowledge Management: A Concise Literature Review

Although knowledge management relying on data from social networks has become an integral part of common practices, there needs to be a well-defined body of knowledge that explicitly addresses the process and the value generated. Sustainable knowledge management practices, which promote responsible and ethical knowledge sharing between different stakeholders, can also be facilitated through social media. This can foster a culture of continuous learning and innovation while considering the social implications of knowledge sharing. The main goal of this study is to critically and holistically discuss the impact of social media analysis in the knowledge management process holistically and maximize its value in a given context. More concretely, we conducted a systematic literature review (2012–2022) based on the PRISMA guidelines. We first approached the ideal phases of the knowledge management process and then discussed key issues and challenges from an application perspective. Overall, the study points out the positive impact of social network analysis on knowledge sharing, creativity and productivity, knowledge formulation, building trust, and cognitive capital. Additionally, value is provided in knowledge acquisition by simplifying and massively gathering information, reducing uncertainty and ambiguity, and organizing knowledge through storage, retrieval, and classification practices. At an application level, such knowledge may improve the quality of services and encourage creativity. Finally, this study analyzed specific domains, such as healthcare, marketing, politics, tourism, and event management, focusing on the potential and added value.

Let’s do better: Improving research ethics knowledge, practice and systems of oversight

Let’s do better: Improving research ethics knowledge, practice and systems of oversight

Baseline Survey of knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare ethics, in healthcare practitioners of a tertiary healthcare institution in Ghana, a Sub-Saharan Country

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on healthcare professional's (HCP) ethical practice have been studied extensively in countries with developed economies. On the other hand studies in lower and middle-income countries (LMIC), especially in Sub-Saharan (SSA) countries are relatively sparse. The survey outlined in this article which was conducted in an SSA country tertiary care health facility in Ghana, was undertaken to explore the primary ethical knowledge and intuition, in a cohort of SSA HCP. The aim was to determine their baseline ethical knowledge and sensitivity, deficits if any, in basic ethical concepts, and determine gaps in ethical knowledge. The information obtained from the study was to inform the possible future direction of ethics education, which currently has a relatively low uptake in SSA settings. The results indicated the respondents thought of ethical issues in the course of their work. However, if one is to go by reports of unethical behaviour among some HCP available in the public domain in Ghana, then there appears to be an issue of cognitive dissonance between HCP knowledge of ethics, and their actual everyday practice as HCP.