Ethical Business Practices Research Articles

Exploring the role of big data analytics and dynamic capabilities in ESG programs within pharmaceuticals

Achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires environmental, social, and governance (ESG) programs in the pharmaceutical industry. Using the Millennium Development Goals, the 2030 agenda aims to transform European Union companies toward sustainability. In pharmaceuticals, in particular, ESG programs come with complexities such as employee skills, corporate goals, and management expectations. Managing these programs effectively requires advanced technologies such as big data analytics (BDA) and dynamic capabilities (DC). In this study, DC theory is used to develop an architecture for managing ESG criteria, focusing on provenance, traceability, and availability. BDA’s role in ESG programs is explored, along with its use cases and benefits, and how DC drives success in ESG implementation. The study examined five pharmaceutical companies in Germany, Portugal, and Switzerland, all consulting the same firm for BDA systems, to identify the characteristics of effective BDA implementation. The research explores how BDA and DC jointly enhance ESG efforts, the essential skills needed, and how DC aids in real-time decision-making in BDA projects aligned with ESG standards. It highlights the BDA system’s accuracy and effectiveness in managing ESG programs, with DC as a pivotal facilitator. Findings reveal BDA’s value in operational efficiency and aligning business models with ESG goals, underscoring the need for diverse skills in BDA implementation and DC’s importance in integrating various managerial capacities into effective strategies. The study promotes a dynamic, data-driven approach in the pharmaceutical industry for managing complex ESG initiatives. It stresses continuous learning, adaptation, and integrating technological advances with ethical business practices. The research concludes by emphasizing BDA and DC’s vital roles in advocating ethical, socially responsible, and environmentally sustainable practices in the pharmaceutical sector, marrying technology with ethical business strategies.

The Mediating Role of Ethical Brand Equity: A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Moroccan Islamic Banking

Most research in marketing ethics focuses on the ethics of the marketing professional or salesperson, while information on the consumer perspective is scarce (Vitell, 2003). According to Laczniack and Murphy, only 5% of research in the marketing ethics literature focuses on the consumer context. As the main actors in commercial transactions, consumers are increasingly crucial to companies, requiring a thorough understanding of their opinions on brand marketing ethics (Al-khatib, 2005). Clearly, ethical business practices influence consumer behavior, prompting brands to gear their practices more towards morality, as buyer behavior, in turn, impacts these companies' bottom lines (Fan, 2005). An ethical brand is one that strives to do no harm to the public good, acting with integrity, honesty, responsibility, acceptability and respect (Fan, 2005). Islamic banking is often interpreted as a solution to the moral crises inherent in the conventional, debt-ridden financing models promoted by Western financial institutions. It represents an alternative financial system in line with Islamic principles, offering an interest-free approach that promotes justice and fosters social cohesion (Abdul Hassan, 2008). Several studies have attempted to examine branding from the spiritual perspective of the Islamic brand (El Amir and Burt, 2010) in order to assess the impact of beliefs on corporate branding (Maula et al.,2016). In Islamic banking, beliefs and a sense of connection with the creator represent an important spiritual attribute in the customer's relationship with the brand (Abratt and Kleyn, 2012). In this article, we study the contribution of perceived brand ethics to the development of brand trust in Moroccan Islamic banking using the structural equation modeling partial least squares (PLS) method.

Commitment to values: Examining the role of ethical and responsible business practices on short and long‐term value

AbstractFirms are under increasing pressure from external forces to do what is right and behave ethically. However, we have only a limited understanding of how ethical and responsible business practices impact the value of the firm, both in the short and the long term. In this study, we examine 196 firms that were recognized as the world's most ethical firms from 20 countries over a 14‐year span. Results show that ethical behavior may have little effect on a firm's profitability in the short term. However, it has a positive effect on a firm's market value, reflecting the market's positive assessment of its long‐term performance. We also find that firms frequently listed among the world's most ethical companies tend to have higher market value than firms listed only once.

Unveiling the Shadows - Corporate Greenwashing and its Multifaceted Impacts on Environment, Society, and Governance - A Macro Economic Theoretical Assessment

This article delves into the intricate relationship between ethical business practices, sustainable development, and the pervasive issue of corporate greenwashing. As organizations increasingly strive to align themselves with environmentally friendly and socially responsible initiatives, the phenomenon of greenwashing has emerged as a significant challenge. This article explores the profound impacts of greenwashing on the environment, society, and governance, shedding light on the implications for sustainable development. Through a comprehensive analysis, the article aims to raise awareness, encourage transparency, and promote genuine commitment to ethical business practices.Corporate greenwashing is a dishonest strategy by businesses to project environmental responsibility, causing damage, biodiversity loss, resource depletion, and climate change. To prevent, businesses, governments, NGOs, and consumers must work together.
 This paper presents a study on corporate greenwashing, utilizing secondary sources and a cross-disciplinary approach. It provides recommendations for data collection, ethical guidelines, and presentation, ensuring effective results and conclusions. Despite the aforementioned, the main aim of this research article is to do a macroeconomic theoretical analysis of Unveiling the Shadows - Corporate Greenwashing and Its Multifaceted Impacts on Environment, Society, and Governance. The current situation is important to society and the economy.

Impact of green supply chain management on social performance through economic undergraduate’s view

The perspectives of economic students in Can Tho City, Vietnam were investigated in order to have a deeper understanding of the relationship between green supply chain management (GSCM) and social performance. A comprehensive survey was conducted on a sample size of 526 undergraduate students enrolled in business administration and international business courses. This study effort examined the impact of several subcomponents of GSCM on social performance. The inclusion of green production, green distribution, green supply chain management, and environmental education was seen. The coefficients of 0.24 and 0.115 suggest a favorable relationship between green procurement and internal environmental management and social performance. The existing scholarly literature presents several instances in which the implementation of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has resulted in enhanced societal performance. The objective of this study is to contribute to the existing literature by investigating the many factors that influence the performance of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) in improving financial outcomes. The investigation also encompasses the examination of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) and its influence on societal performance. The authors propose that the extent to which graduates were exposed to GSCM education throughout their college years will have a substantial impact on their contributions to their respective fields and to society as a whole. Individuals who proactively pursue higher education by enrolling in college and focusing their studies on attaining a business degree are more likely to increase their chances of achieving success as entrepreneurs. Hence, these affluent proprietors of companies possess the potential to expand their operations and provide significant economic benefits at a macro level. In order to ensure the enduring viability of businesses, local communities, and the natural environment, educational institutions should provide curricula including corporate social responsibility, volunteerism, and ecologically conscious manufacturing methods. The integration of environmental stewardship with ethical business practices is crucial.

Foreign corrupt practices act violations and enforcement

Purpose This study aims to examine the determinants of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) violations and consequences of FCPA enforcements. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses publicly available data from Compustat, I/B/E/S and Thomson Reuters databases, combined with Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Department of Justice (DOJ) cases, to extract insights on FCPA violations and enforcements using econometric approaches. Findings The main determinants of FCPA violations appear to be firm size, multinational structure, country corruption and Sarbanes-Oxley Act control weaknesses. Traditional misreporting risks (F-score and M-score) do not predict FCPA violations. This study discovers significant differences between FCPA violations by motivation, as in, sale generation, rent extraction or cost evasion. Bribes motivated by sale generation or rent extraction are partially driven by the extent of the firm’s global operations, whereas bribes motivated by cost evasion relate to internal influences. This study also finds that enforcement is more salient for criminal violations (DOJ enforcement), compared to civil violations (SEC enforcement). Research limitations/implications This research provides new insights into the determinants of FCPA violations while underscoring the need for effective measures to combat bribery and promote ethical business practices. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to curtail bribery, offering valuable insights into the characteristics of firms more likely to engage in bribery and contexts in which these activities occur. It provides critical implications for regulatory bodies, highlighting the differential responses of firms to varying types of enforcement, namely, criminal versus civil, as the authors observe greater decreases in internal control weaknesses following DOJ enforcement compared to SEC enforcement. Practical implications For enforcement agencies, the findings underscore the importance of rigorous criminal enforcement against FCPA violations, highlighting the improved control environments prompted by DOJ actions. Managers will find this research relevant, as it demonstrates that a firm’s entry into international markets substantially elevates the risk of its representatives engaging in bribery with foreign officials. In addition, the results are of interest to regulators, revealing that the underlying motivations driving a firm’s activities can significantly alter the factors to consider that might lead to an FCPA violation. Originality/value This paper is the original work of the authors and explores the determinants and consequences of FCPA violations and enforcement actions since 2002. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first to explore bribe determinants by their motive and documents industry-wide benefits arising from criminal enforcement.

Corporate social responsibility in the new normal era: review

A business theory known as "corporate social responsibility" (CSR) places an emphasis on an organization's social and ethical responsibilities in addition to maximizing profits. It entails incorporating social responsibility, moral decision-making, and sustainable practices into the foundation of corporate operations. CSR essentially seeks to strike a balance between financial performance and a favorable influence on the environment and society, demonstrating a dedication to ethical business practices and stakeholder well-being. Businesses are realizing the value of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the face of changing global issues in the "new normal" period. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) becomes more important in the new normal era as companies deal with previously unheard-of difficulties. Global events have brought about a paradigm change that requires robust and socially responsible corporate strategies. CSR provides businesses with a strategic framework to meet demands in society, gain the trust of stakeholders, and adjust to shifting expectations. It fosters long-term sustainability in a constantly changing global landscape by positioning firms as responsible contributors to community and environmental well-being, in addition to aligning them with ethical imperatives. A critical analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the new normal age reveals a dynamic business environment where companies adjust their approaches to meet changing needs. Important discoveries highlight how crucial CSR is to boosting long-term sustainability, stakeholder trust, and resilience. The literature emphasizes the value of moral behavior, environmental stewardship, and social contributions while highlighting successful CSR implementations during global upheavals. All things considered, the assessment shows how important corporate social responsibility (CSR) is in helping companies become not just financially sustainable but also socially and environmentally conscious in the face of enormous shifts.

Religion in Family Firms: A Socioemotional Wealth Perspective on Top-Level Executives with Perceived Religiosity

The extent and mechanisms through which religion intertwines with decision-making processes in family firms remain inadequately understood. Family firm owners, driven by their commitment to ethical business practices and the safeguarding of their socioemotional wealth, actively seek cues to inform their decision-making processes. This research demonstrates that, among these guiding cues, top-level executives’ perceived religiosity emerges as a relevant factor. Building upon the socioemotional wealth perspective and conducting a longitudinal analysis based on listed family firms between 2009 and 2018, our findings reveal a positive association between family voting rights and the presence of board members perceived to be religious. Furthermore, this relationship is less pronounced if family firms operate in industries with high research and development intensity. Our study confirms that boards with high shares of religiously perceived directors are positively associated with the appointment of chief executive officers perceived to be religious during succession events. We thereby present a unique perspective that acknowledges perceived religiosity as a micro-level constituent shaping board membership and successor selection. This investigation captures the intricate interplay between religion and family firms under a socioemotional wealth umbrella, offering important insights to the family business ethics discourse. Our research also offers practical implications for board and leadership diversity management in family firms.

Forced Labour and Accountability in Supply Chains: The Role of the Private Sector

ABSTRACT Modern slavery is a pervasive human rights issue that deprives individuals of their freedom and rights, often exploiting them for labor or other forms of exploitation. While governments have a vital role to play in addressing modern slavery, the private sector also has an essential role to play. Supply chains are a critical area where the private sector can take action to address modern slavery. Many industries rely on complex supply chains across multiple countries and involve numerous suppliers and subcontractors. These complex supply chains make it difficult for companies to ensure that their products or services are not tainted by modern slavery. Despite these constraints, the private sector can contribute to combating modern slavery by adopting ethical business practices that prioritize protecting human rights. This can be achieved through various means, such as implementing strict supply chain management policies, ensuring transparency in their operations, and collaborating with civil society organizations to promote responsible practices. By conducting due diligence, establishing clear contractual requirements, collaborating with other businesses and industry groups, and using their purchasing power, companies can also mitigate the risks of modern slavery in their operations and supply chains.

Standardized corporate social responsibility disclosure, assurance, and real earnings management: evidence from developing countries

Research aims: This study aims to present empirical evidence on the effect of social responsibility disclosure on real earnings management and the role of assurance in this relationship. This is based on a paradox, i.e., companies that publish standardized corporate social responsibility disclosures to project ethical business practices are also associated with accounting and financial scandals.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study was conducted on non-financial sector companies in developing countries that are members of ASEAN-4, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines, which issued GRI-based social responsibility disclosures in the period 2013-2019, amounting to 285 companies with a total of 859 observations.Research findings: The results demonstrated that companies with standardized social responsibility disclosures tend to reduce their real earnings management practices. However, the assurance variable mitigates the negative effect of corporate social responsibility on real earnings management, implying that assurance provides false credibility. In an additional analysis, the samples were grouped based on board structure. The findings of this study are consistent with two-tier board structures, suggesting that a one-tier system provides better information quality.Theoretical contribution/Originality: The originality of this study lies in a comprehensive measurement of social responsibility disclosure variables using an index that gauges a combination of accountability and performance aspects. Furthermore, this study takes into account assurance as a variable representing the credibility of information, which surprisingly moderates the negative effect of social responsibility disclosure on real earnings management.Practitioner/Policy implication: The findings of this study underscore the importance of standardized social responsibility disclosure in mitigating managerial opportunistic behavior. The findings also highlight the need to enhance the assurance function to prevent its use as an opportunistic management tactic.

The Parmalat Scandal: An Analysis of Financial Deception and Its Implications for Global Business

The Parmalat scandal, often compared to Europe's Enron case, highlights one of the biggest financial frauds in global business history. Revealed in 2003, the case exposed an astonishing €14 billion deficit in the company's accounts, resulting from fraud, mismanagement, and oversight failures. This case study delves into the complexities of the Parmalat scandal, exploring its causes, impacts, and lessons for global businesses. It examines inadequate corporate governance, strategic missteps, auditing failures, and ethical violations, highlighting the importance of maintaining an ethical and transparent corporate culture. The role of auditing is emphasized, pointing out deficiencies in both internal and external audits, and the need for stricter controls and a whistleblowing culture. Parmalat's strategic decisions are scrutinized to understand how they contributed to the company's decline. The problematic relationship between majority and minority shareholders is discussed, revealing internal conflicts. The response to the scandal included a push for better corporate governance standards, regulatory reforms, and the adoption of more robust governance models. The importance of an ethical corporate culture, financial transparency, and the empowerment of whistleblowers are underscored as essential for preventing future frauds. The Parmalat case serves as a warning of the need for transparent and ethical practices in business, reinforcing that profitability should not override ethical considerations. This study provides a blueprint for companies to avoid similar pitfalls, highlighting corporate governance, business ethics, and oversight as pillars for trust and economic stability.

Corruption in Turkey and earthquakes: Policies for tackling corruption in the construction sector

AbstractThe earthquake in Turkey has resulted in thousands of fatalities and injuries and is considered one of the worst natural disasters in recent history. The disaster has also brought to light another major issue in Turkey, namely, corruption. Failure to comply with building regulations and successive government amnesties for unlicensed construction contributed to the high death toll. This paper aims to draw attention to the ongoing issue of corruption and the potential life‐saving benefits of ethical practices in business and government. Finally, relevant useful policies targeting corruption in real estate have been proposed.

Board co‐option and corporate environmental orientation: New insights from the waste management perspective

AbstractResearch Question/IssueWe investigate the impact of board co‐option on corporate environmental orientation from the perspective of waste management. As waste presents damaging effects on the natural environment, climate change, and human health, businesses assume an ethical responsibility to conduct their operations in a sustainable and responsible manner.Research Findings/InsightsEmploying firm‐level waste production data, we document a significant negative relationship between board co‐option and waste generation, suggesting that co‐opted directors help firms reduce their waste—a finding that also carries economic significance. The cross‐sectional analyses reveal that the relationship only holds when a CEO does not chair the board and has a shorter tenure. Furthermore, we find that the board co‐option–waste management relationship is stronger in environmentally sensitive industries and is mainly driven by the manufacturing firms. We perform a battery of analyses to rule out endogeneity concerns and check for the robustness of our results. The channel test reveals that CEOs of firms with higher waste management face lower performance‐induced turnover, particularly when working with co‐opted boards. Finally, we also find that co‐option‐induced waste management initiatives ultimately increase firms' economic value.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe document that co‐opted boards may enhance firms' waste management practices by reducing performance‐induced CEO turnover. Thus, we make important contributions to the corporate governance and environmentalism strands of the literature by highlighting the bright side of board co‐option for waste reduction initiatives.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur study provides vital policy implications for regulators and top management teams against the background of public outcry and social pressure to mitigate the damage to the environment and calls for ethical business practices.

The Legal Protection of Personal Data in Fintech peer-to-peer (P2P) Lending Practices: Orientation and Formulation

<em>In the era of digital transformation, one prominent model of Fintech is Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending, which offers alternative financing access through digital platforms. The protection of personal data in P2P lending becomes crucial as sensitive information such as financial and credit history is collected and processed by these platforms. Data protection regulations, like GDPR, play a vital role in maintaining the balance between Fintech innovation and individual privacy rights. This research aims to discuss the legal protection of personal data within the context of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending in the realm of Financial Technology (Fintech) in Indonesia. The research methodology employed is normative law, using descriptive legal analysis. Data is gathered from various sources, including legal statutes, court decisions, legal literature, and government guidelines related to Fintech and personal data protection. Qualitative analysis is conducted to identify relevant legal provisions, explain their legal implications, and formulate improvement recommendations. The research findings reveal that personal data protection within Indonesian Fintech P2P Lending is governed by a range of regulations, including the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), the amended UU ITE, OJK regulations, and the Ministry of Communication and Informatics regulations. Moreover, the Omnibus Law on Job Creation provides a strong foundation for the protection of consumer personal data. Key principles in personal data protection encompass transparency, explicit consent, data security, limited data usage, fair and ethical business practices, individual rights over personal data, and data integration</em>

Unveiling Prophetic Maqashid in Hadiths about Rahn

This article delved into the interplay between hadiths related to rahn (pledge or collateral) and the prophetic maqashid within the framework of Islamic finance. Addressing the gaps in existing literature, the research employs qualitative methods, combining hadith criticism and Hassan Hanafi's hermeneutics framework. Three main themes emerge: the permissibility of rahn, the utilization of rahn property, and the prohibition of owning rahn property. Hadiths regarding the permissibility of rahn showcase Prophet Muhammad's practical application of Islamic principles in economic transactions, emphasizing justice, ethical business practices, and leadership involvement. Hadiths on the utilization of rahn property emphasize compensation, tolerance, and ethical treatment of animals, aligning with Islamic values in economic activities. The prohibition of owning rahn property hadith establishes fundamental principles of justice, equality, and the protection of individual rights in economic transactions. The article concluded that these hadiths not only serve as legal guidance but also embody prophetic maqashid, contributing to the broader goals of Islam to create a just and balanced society, particularly in economics and finance. The comprehensive framework provided by these hadiths offers valuable insights for both academics and practitioners navigating the evolving landscape of Islamic finance, addressing contemporary challenges while upholding Islamic values

Praktik Etika Bisnis Islam dan Maqashid Syariah pada Industri Kecil Menengah Griya Pangan Batang

Intense business competition has made many business people justify any means to get big profits, many of them often forget Islamic business ethics and social responsibility. Therefore, through this research there is a need for an in-depth study of Islamic business ethical practices and maqashid sharia in IKM (Small and Medium Industries) Griya Pangan Batang. This type of research is qualitative with a field research approach. The research location is IKM Griya Food Batang in Terban Village, RT 09 RW 07, Warungasem District, Batang Regency. This research began with interviews in September 2022 until June 2023. Primary data sources in this study include information from interviews with parties related to this problem, in this case, namely ten active members of the IKM Griya Pangan Batang as the main informant, and the additional informant, namely the Buyer, and the Disperindagkop Party. Secondary data sources are books and various relevant references regarding related themes seen from the Maqashid Syariah perspective. Data collection and analysis techniques use the triangulation method. The results of this research conclude that IKM Griya Pangan Batang has implemented Islamic business ethics with the principles of divinity, justice, honesty and free will, However, in principle, divinity and virtue are still not perfect. IKM Griya Pangan Batang has implemented Islamic business ethics in the perspective of maqashid sharia well, has been able to protect religion, protect souls, protect minds, protect offspring, although it has not fully been able to protect assets properly. Islamic business ethics and sharia maqashid have an impact on the business culture at IKM Griya Pangan Batang which is more oriented to integrity and morality.

Perceived Benefits, Social Influence, Self-Efficacy and Digital Consumerism: The Moderating Role of Digital Accountability

Purpose: The study finds out the impact of perceived benefits, social influence, and self-efficacy on digital consumerism and how digital accountability moderates the conceptual relationship. Organizational capabilities, data privacy and protection, legal, and ethical marketing practices have been conceptualized as digital accountability with fact-based literature review. It is increasingly important for managers and consumer researchers to understand the trend and advocate digital accountability for enhancing digital consumerism in developing economies such as Bangladesh. Methods: Relevant literature on the relationships using a simple extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with key variables and subsequent digital consumerism would be the focal points of this study. For developing economies perceived digital accountability has been conceptualized as a moderator. The study is secondary with available literature review and data from the Bangladesh Telecommunication and Regulatory Commissions (BTRC). Findings: The proficiency of organizational capabilities, the role of regulatory authorities, data privacy, legal protection, unethical business practices, and subsequent digital vulnerability will continue to be a big challenge in this 21st century. There is an urgency for a reconceptualization of consumerism so that consumer protections can be improved and a better-functioning digital market can be developed. This paper focuses on the literature gap in key variables and digital accountability to safeguard data privacy and information transparency, improve organizational capability, legal protection of consumers, and ethical business practices into consideration while enhancing digital consumerism. The logical conceptual framework provides the foundation that will further guide this study and future empirical findings. Originality and Value: In the present scenario majority of the population in Bangladesh use computers, mobile devices or smartphones for their digital marketing needs. There is no previous research in digital consumerism in the context of developing nations. Therefore, it is expected to contribute new findings. It will help researchers and policymakers for future policy implications by addressing digital accountability from all dimensions to enhance better functioning digital consumerism. Limitations: The study is based on secondary information and an extensive literature review. The paper only highlights the current state of affairs and draws conclusions based on fact findings and literature gaps.

Factors Impact on Financial Performance in Big 4 Banks in Vietnam: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure

Multiple factors have contributed to the burgeoning emphasis on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within the Vietnamese banking sector. There is a burgeoning consciousness among consumers and stakeholders regarding the significance of sustainable and ethical business practices. With increasing social awareness, customers are progressively opting to support businesses that are dedicated to CSR. Moreover, regulatory entities in Vietnam have initiated measures to encourage CSR practices among banks. This study underscores the profound impact of CSR on the financial performance of the banking sector. The authors developed hypotheses to find out the determinants of the financial performance of Big 4 banks in Vietnam by collecting secondary data in the 2017-2022 period. To answer this question, the Person test, Pool OLS, FEM, REM and FGLS models were used, and then the Hausman test, Wald test and Wooldridge test were used to test the suitable model. The research showed that financial performance in the Big 4 banks in Vietnam (Vietcombank, BIDV, VietinBank, and Agribank) was negatively impacted by capital ratio and financial leverage and positively and significantly influenced by corporate social responsibility and overhead expenses. Thus, by integrating CSR initiatives into their business strategies, banks can enhance their reputation, attract socially conscious customers, and improve return on assets (ROA). Overhead expenses are another key factor significantly impacting a bank's ROA. The Big 4 banks should focus on optimizing their cost structure by identifying and eliminating inefficiencies in their operations. Implementing digitalization initiatives, streamlining processes, and investing in technology can reduce overhead expenses and improve operational efficiency. From these results, the paper gave recommendations for banks to improve their financial performance.

Sustainable Commerce: Exploring the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Consumer Decision Making

the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in consumer decision-making within the context of sustainable commerce. With increasing awareness of environmental and social issues, consumers are placing greater emphasis on ethical and sustainable practices when making purchasing decisions. the impact of CSR initiatives on consumer behavior and preferences, as well as the implications for businesses operating in today's marketplace. Through a review of existing literature and empirical research, this paper investigates the various dimensions of CSR, including environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and ethical business practices, and their influence on consumer perceptions and preferences. By examining case studies and survey data, the study identifies key factors that shape consumer attitudes towards CSR, such as brand reputation, product quality, and perceived social and environmental impact.

Analyzing solid waste management practices for the hotel industry

The waste management agenda is significant, and it requires administrative attention, guidance, and public awareness on a priority basis. Effective waste management impacts social, economic, and ecological concerns. The purpose of this research was to survey methods for managing solid waste in the hospitality sector. To reduce their negative effects on the environment, stay in compliance with regulations, and make their guests happier, hotels must have efficient waste management systems. Some important practices involve carrying out waste audits, reducing waste at its source, recycling, composting, and managing hazardous waste properly. To show their dedication to environmental protection and ethical business practices, hotels may optimise their waste management through staff training, stakeholder involvement, and continuous improvement in initiatives. By adopting these practices, we can lessen the amount of trash that ends up in landfills and assist in rendering the hotel business more sustainable. There is significance difference between presence of garden and restaurant on solid waste generation rate. The information presented in this article is crucial for waste management planning and resource allocation in many different types of contexts, including residential, industrial as well as hotels.