Ethical Values Research Articles

Improving health outcomes in Cameroon through competency-based curricula and stakeholder engagement in accreditation

This review article explores the accreditation process for health personnel training in Cameroon, emphasizing its critical role in ensuring quality education and improving healthcare delivery. It begins with an overview of the current state of health education institutions and regulatory mechanisms, highlighting the need for robust national guidelines for accreditation. The review examines the importance of autonomous councils for each health specialty, emphasizing their role in establishing specialized standards, monitoring compliance, and promoting ethical values in training. It also discusses the historical context and evolution of accreditation, identifying past limitations and the necessity for updated standards. The strengths and challenges of the proposed guidelines are analyzed, focusing on their potential impact on the competence of health professionals. Comparative assessments with successful accreditation systems in other African nations, such as Nigeria and Ghana, provide valuable insights into best practices. The perspectives of various stakeholders, including government agencies, educational institutions, and healthcare providers, are examined. The article concludes with recommendations for enhancing accreditation processes, including capacity building and continuous stakeholder engagement, ultimately supporting the development of a competent healthcare workforce aligned with national health goals.

Motivational Characteristics of High School Students as Predictors of Ethical Choices in Decision-Making in Corruption Risk Situations

The paper presents the results of the study about the nature of the links between the high school students' characteristics of the motivational sphere (life goals, ethical position, locus of control, suggestibility and individual value orientations) and the type (ethical or corruption) and moral orientation (justice or care) of their choices when making decisions in situations of corruption risk. The sample consisted of 112 10th grade students of Moscow educational institutions aged 16-18 years (54 girls and 58 boys). It was found that high school students who choose personal growth as an internal life goal, have an expressed ethical position of idealism and are oriented towards universalism and stimulation as personal values are significantly more likely to make ethical choices (irrespective of their moral orientation) when making decisions in corruption risk situations. Striving for personal growth as an internal life goal, the ethical position of idealism, value orientations towards kindness, security and power are direct predictors of ethical decisions with an orientation towards the morality of justice, while the ethical position of relativism and value orientation towards hedonism are reverse predictors of such decisions. At the same time, relativism, health care and suggestibility are reverse predictors of ethical decisions oriented to the morality of care. Unethical (corrupt) choices based on the principle of justice ("everybody does it, and I can do it") are more often made by senior pupils who strive for money as an external life goal, and based on the principle of care - by respondents with a relativistic ethical position and value orientation towards hedonism. The desire to help can be a direct predictor of both ethical and corrupt decisions, depending on how senior pupils justify their choice: care orientation (ethical) or justice orientation (corrupt).

Ethics and Values Matter: The Role of Higher Education

Human existence is a process of learning and development aimed at achieving wisdom, and education has been regarded as the ultimate value system since the birth of culture and way of life for this reason. Education is more than only the acquisition of skills or the gathering of knowledge or news about a topic of interest from others or from other parts of the world. It is not limited to the abilities of obtaining information received and preserved via knowing, or just the exploration of existential problems and familiarization with previously acquired knowledge or data, or with a system of knowledge - but also with the goal of comprehending this cognition. Knowledge is involved with the comprehension of a collection of propositions or concepts. Knowledge can be theoretical and practical, fundamental and abstract, and it may exist in any time period: past, present, and future. However, cognition is always done in the present. Past memories and future prophecies are also remembered in the present, as the ideas flash or surface in the mind. These flashes act as an impetus for our quick determination, allowing us to decide whether or not to undertake anything. However, for the purpose of brevity, I'll lump the two, knowledge and cognition, together under the heading of knowledge. Education fosters the development of talents from all three faculties, as well as wisdom in their right application for the benefit of people and society for creating value and ethics. The goal of NEP 2020 is also having important role in higher education teaching to encourage systematic and focused discoveries and practices that benefit society. Society views higher education institutions as catalysts for the transformation of knowledge into wisdom. The quality, morals, and ethics of higher education institutions are increasingly important in integrating young people into society. A country like India has a large young population, and they are the frontiers of the Indian government's Made in India Initiative. It has been well mentioned that the actual philosophy of education is in the combination of ethics, virtues, values, and the validity of human life, thus it is vital to improve ethical values, philosophical thinking, study, research, and moral growth in the Indian education system.

Navigating the moral maze: a literature review of ethical values in business process management

PurposeBusiness process management (BPM), as a pillar of information systems (IS) research, has become more complex with the advent of new technologies, emphasizing the need for moral and ethical perspectives. To foster moral behavior and responsible action, including ethical values in IT systems and processes can be a solid option. By incorporating a socio-technical perspective, we are able to analyze the various aspects of BPM and organizational processes and the incorporated values. We find an overall acknowledgment of the importance of values and ethics in BPM.Design/methodology/approachThis publication explores ethical values within BPM through a systematic literature review (SLR). The study aims to identify the ethical dimensions inherent in BPM and their practical implications in process management and task execution. The methodological approach adopted is a SLR (Boell and Cecez-Kecmanovic, 2015), adapting the PRISMA guidelines (Page et al., 2021) to identify 82 articles from 21 top IS journals suggested by Lowry et al. (2013).FindingsA descriptive framework is developed to explain the use and application of ethical values within business processes. This framework enables practitioners and researchers to categorize and understand the various ethical considerations involved in BPM. It provides a structured approach highlighting the interrelation between process perspectives and ethical values, demonstrating how different BPM approaches may have varying ethical implications. We compare past and future research in business processes, identifying areas for further investigation and theoretical development. A historical analysis of values and literature also helps contextualize contemporary discussions on ethics in BPM, shedding light on the evolution of ethical considerations within this domain.Originality/valueOur study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of BPM, highlighting the importance of considering ethical values and socio-technical perspectives in designing and implementing business processes. These findings contribute to understanding the values associated with different types of processes and their employment and highlight potential areas for future research. Our study provides ethics-oriented research in IS with novel insights by examining BPM from an ethical value perspective. We contribute to the BPM literature by examining which values are applied in which process types from which perspective. In addition, our research suggestions provide food for thought for both research streams.

Peran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dalam Menanamkan Nilai Moralitas pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Instilling moral values in elementary school students is an important foundation in the formation of the character of the younger generation. Civic Education, as one of the compulsory subjects in elementary school, has great potential in instilling moral and ethical values in students. However, the effectiveness of Civic Education in achieving this goal still needs to be studied further. This research method is a conceptual qualitative research using the Library Research method, which is carried out by collecting Secondary Data in the form of data from scientific articles or scientific papers, research journals, and reports related to the chosen topic. The results of the study indicate that Civic Education has a significant role in instilling moral values in elementary school students. The effectiveness of instilling these values is influenced by several factors, including: (1) interactive and experience-based learning methods, (2) teacher role models in implementing moral values, (3) integration of moral values in daily activities at school, and (4) collaboration between schools and parents in strengthening the values taught. Civic Education has proven to be effective in instilling moral values in elementary school students. However, this success depends on a holistic approach involving various parties and the right learning methods. This study recommends the need to develop a more contextual civics curriculum and improve teacher competence in integrating moral values in learning.

Ethical Impact Assessment of Sharing Nanosafety Data

Decades of research on environmental, health and safety impacts of nanomaterials have generated large amounts of nanosafety data, but not all data are available online following the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles. This lack of FAIR data delays progress in regulatory research, needed by regulators to develop evidence-based policies. In this context, researchers collaborating in the EU NanoSafety Cluster (www.nanosafetycluster.eu) engaged in a discussion on the ethical impacts related to (not) sharing nanosafety data. Screening the potential ethical impacts suggested that openly sharing nanosafety data relevant to risk governance of nanomaterials could give rise to ethical issues related to health and to liberties, and that these data might be misused. On the other hand, not openly sharing such nanosafety data could raise issues related to health, equity, common good, environment, and sustainability. A small-scale Ethical Impact Assessment (EIA) was performed between June 2022 and April 2024 to identify and evaluate more specific ethical issues and to propose recommendations for remediating ethical concerns. Preliminary results were presented in scientific conferences (one poster and three oral presentations), while the comments of the participants were incorporated in the final version of the presented paper. The EIA identified ethical issues and value conflicts related to the following sectors: intellectual property, social justice, public health, dual use, environmental ethics and animal ethics. Some recommendations for remediation are the competence of research organisations. Other recommendations call for societal dialogue and engagement. Yet other recommendations call for political action.

Tradition and innovation: The dual nature of institutional thinking and its implications for modern governance

Institutional thinking, a concept that underscores the importance of internal perspectives and the enduring purposes of institutions, plays a critical role in maintaining societal stability and ethical governance. This paper explores the dual nature of institutional thinking, highlighting its positive aspects and inherent dangers. Through an examination of economic, political, and philosophical forces, the paper identifies modern challenges that undermine long-term commitments and ethical values within institutions. By drawing on historical and contemporary examples, including slavery, Nazism, and discriminatory practices, the discussion provides a comprehensive understanding of how institutional thinking can both promote human well-being and perpetuate systemic issues. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need to reaffirm institutional values, promote long-term thinking, and balance individual rights with collective responsibilities to harness the positive aspects of institutional thinking while mitigating its risks.

Ethical values of public accountant: a critical perspective of rational-religious of Hamka

Purpose - This study explores business practices in public accounting firms, particularly in East Java, along with ethical issues raised by the practices.Method - This study applied a qualitative approach in which data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 public accountants from various public accounting firms. Then, the data were analysed based on a rational-religious perspective as suggested by Buya Hamka.Result - The findings of this study indicated many ethical concerns in public accountant practices, despite they comprehend about ethical standards contained in the professional code of ethics. All those problems were actuated by the financial fulfillment of the public accountant, which deviated from ethical values as signified by Hamka.Implication - Public accountants should implement Hamka’s virtues in professional practices as a reflection of Islamic principles.Originality - This research is the first study that used the virtues of Buya Hamka in public accountant practices.

The Construction of Ethical Norms for Translation Technology for Medical Translators

This study explores the construction of ethical norms for medical translators who use translation technologies such as Machine Translation (MT), Neural Machine Translation (NMT), and Computer-Aided Translation (CAT) tools. As these technologies become integral to medical translation, ethical concerns surrounding accuracy, confidentiality, and humanitarian considerations arise. The study emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between the efficiency of technology and the ethical imperatives that define medical translation. Using a mixed-methods approach, including literature review, comparative analysis, and textual evaluation, the study investigates the ethical challenges posed by translation technology. It proposes ethical norms focusing on human oversight, data security, empathy, and accountability. The findings suggest that the role of the translator is evolving, requiring not only linguistic expertise but also competence in navigating the ethical complexities introduced by technology. The research contributes to the development of actionable guidelines that ensure the responsible use of translation technology while preserving the core values of medical ethics.

A Rossian Method for Applying Principles in AI

In the past several years there has been a rapid development of new technologies, applications, organizations, and institutions in the area of artificial intelligence (AI). At the same time, ethical reasoning about AI has not been able to keep up with the speed of these advances. As a result, developers are left to rely on existing rules, professional codes, policies and personal ethics which may not provide the appropriate guidance about ethical conduct and may require greater specificity (O'Leary). Many commentators have acknowledged the need for a clearer understanding of ethical values and principles to guide AI research. Drawing on insights from the formation of the field of biomedical ethics, we argue that AI ethics should make use of the method based on prima facie duties derived from W.D. Ross’ approach to ethics. A Rossian approach has proved influential in biomedical ethics. We further propose a modification to the list of principles proposed by Floridi and Cowls, arguing that the principles of explicability and accountability should be separated for ease of application. We argue that this method of applying principles is just what has been missing in AI ethics and is the crucial link between the now common lists of principles and putting them into practice in a way that can inform actual developments on the ground.

Positivism Theory in the Context of Modern Legal Thought

The theory of legal positivism plays a crucial role in the development of modern legal thought by emphasizing the importance of written and systematic norms in law enforcement. This approach is based on the assumption that the law is the product of regulations made by state institutions, as stipulated in various laws, including the 1945 Constitution, the Criminal Code (KUHP), and Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of Laws and Regulations. The methodology used in this study is qualitative analysis through literature studies and interviews with legal experts to explore the understanding of the application of positivism theory in legal practice in Indonesia. The results show that although positivism provides a strong framework for legal analysis and supports legal certainty, there are still significant challenges related to the application of the values of justice and morality in the legal system. This study concludes that to achieve social justice, there needs to be an integration between positivism and moral principles in modern legal practice.

Contextualizing Nasr's Sufism In Education In The Modern Era

This article examines Seyyed Hossein Nasr's thoughts on contextualizing Sufism in education in the modern era. Nasr views Sufism as the key to reviving traditional Islamic values that have long been forgotten. Nasr calls for the importance of education, which develops intellectually and cultivates the human soul and personality. This article uses a qualitative approach with a type of literature study, examining Nasr's works and related literature to explore his thoughts on Sufism and education. The data collection technique used is documentation study; primary sources are obtained from Nasr's works, such as books, journal articles, and his writings that discuss Sufism, education, and his thoughts on these topics. Secondary data sources come from other literature relevant to this research. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis and hermeneutic analysis methods. The results show that contextualizing Sufism in education emphasizes the importance of spiritual and ethical values in the educational process. Nasr emphasized the need to instill transcendent values through the Sufi soul to overcome the secularization of knowledge and materialistic views in modern education

The relationship between leadership and adaptive performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This research presents a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of literature to examine the impact of various leadership styles on organizational adaptive performance (AP). AP is essential for job performance, especially in environments undergoing rapid changes. Previous reviews on AP found that transformational and self-leadership had had a positive influence on job adaptivity, while the relationship between other leadership styles and AP had not been clear. First, authors outlined the theoretical framework of AP and leadership, clarifying how job adaptivity and the different leadership styles are defined and discussed in the scientific literature. Subsequently four scientific databases were explored to identify studies that investigate the Leadership and AP' relationship. 32 scientific articles and 2 conference papers were investigated for review, of which 31 were used to conduct a meta-analysis; 52 different effect sizes from 32 samples were identified for a total sample size of 11.640 people. Qualitative synthesis revealed that the influence of different leadership styles on AP depended on contextual variables and on aspects related to the nature of the work. Moreover, it was found that leadership supported AP through motivational and relational aspects. Through this meta-analysis, it was found that a significant positive relationship between leadership and AP existed (Zr = .39, SE = .04, p < .001. 95%CI [.32, .47], r = .37). However, no differences emerged from the different leadership styles examined in the studies. This review deepens the importance of leadership as organizational factor that affect the employees' likelihood of dealing with continuously emergent changes at work, extended the search to emerging leadership approaches to highlight the value of collective contributions, ethics, and moral and sustainable elements that could positively affect AP.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE UPBRINGING OF A SPIRITUALLY MATURE GENERATION

The transition of Uzbekistan towards a civil society underscores the significance of mutual respect between genders and the development of humane qualities in interpersonal relationships. The family is recognized as the fundamental unit of society, playing a pivotal role in nurturing the spiritual and moral development of the younger generation, with a particular emphasis on women’s contributions to family stability and child education. However, despite existing legal frameworks and state policies aimed at enhancing family relationships, the influence of family dynamics on children’s moral and spiritual upbringing remains inadequately explored. This study aims to examine the role of women in family education and societal engagement in Uzbekistan, focusing on how these dynamics contribute to the cultivation of moral values and labor ethics in children. The findings indicate that women are crucial in instilling ethical values and labor practices, highlighting the necessity for modern approaches to labor education within the family context. By providing insights into the interplay between family environment, gender roles, and child upbringing, this research reveals the transformative potential of women’s involvement in social and economic spheres and advocates for policies that reinforce family integrity and promote women’s active participation in shaping a spiritually and morally robust society.

Development of a Joyful Learning-Based Instructional Model in Javanese Script

Learning Javanese script is considered an outdated and boring lesson. This paradigm of boring and obsolete Javanese script lessons must be changed into a modern, interesting, and enjoyable learning experience. One way to do this is by developing a Joyful Learning-based model for Javanese language instruction. Joyful Learning is a concept of enjoyable learning. The development of a Joyful Learning-based model for Javanese language instruction is urgent and necessary because the learning model currently used by students needs to employ the principles of Joyful Learning, resulting in students feeling bored, tired, and unmotivated to learn. Additionally, Javanese language instruction is viewed as a good means to develop the character of the nation's children, as it contains values of morality and politeness. The research design used is the ADDIE Research and Development design, with the steps of analyzing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating. This study uniquely integrates traditional games into the Joyful Learning model. The result of the study is creating a Joyful Learning-based model for Javanese script instruction. The components of this model include the social system, reaction principles, support system, instructional and incidental impacts, and syntagmatic. The syntagmatic model of Joyful Learning-based Javanese script instruction includes an introduction, material delivery, games for writing sentences, games for reading paragraphs in Javanese script, formative assessment, and reflection. The learning model has been tested at SMPN 12 Semarang. The results of the school trial indicate that the Joyful Learning-based Javanese script instruction model is effective for learning.

Etika Pengobatan/Rekayasa Genetik dalam Islam sebagai Implikasi untuk Terapi Gen dan Teknologi DNA serta Tantangan Kontemporer

Gene therapy offers the potential for treating genetic diseases and improving quality of life, but it also raises significant ethical challenges, including issues of genetic manipulation and eugenics. By identifying fundamental principles of Islamic ethics, this study explores how genetic technology can be integrated within an appropriate moral context. Through literature analysis and scholarly perspectives, this article highlights the need for dialogue among scientists, medical practitioners, and religious communities to establish guidelines for the use of this technology. The findings indicate that a balance between technological innovation and the preservation of Islamic ethical values is essential to ensure that scientific advancements provide benefits without violating moral principles. The article also recommends further research to explore the practical applications of gene therapy within the framework of Islamic ethics.

The Difference Between Passive Subjects and Autonomous Actors: Proposing an Orientation Toward Consent in Library and Information Science

To participate in most aspects of society, individuals are constantly required to share their data. From students in LIS courses to patients forced to enter information into third party software to check into medical appointments, we all have to “consent” to live our lives. While we are presented with consent forms full of legalese constantly, opportunities to opt out are rare. This critical essay posits that to prepare our students to become ethical members of information professions, LIS educators must center consent as a core ethical value. Using a scoping review approach, we explore consent as a distinct topic in LIS literature. We then propose an orientation towards consent that can center human rights, individual autonomy, and care in LIS work.

Body transformations: An opportunity to work on the ethical perspective through photovoice and bodymapping

BackgroundBody transformations are alterations of the body due to symbolic, aesthetic, religious or cultural reasons. The increase in frequency, especially among young people, raises ethical questions. Future nurses must understand the ethical implications of social phenomena. AimThe aim was to find out how nursing students perceive bodily transformations from the perspective of Foulcauldian self-care and to determine the ethical value and health consequences of these transformations. Research designA qualitative study based on the socio-critical paradigm and based on the theory's principles of the Technologies of the self (Foucault). Photovoice and bodymapping were used for the reflection process. The participants were 267 first-year nursing students from two Spanish universities. A content analysis was conducted. Ethical considerationsThe Research Ethics Committee of both universities approved this study. FindingsThe body transformations most photographed by the students were piercing, tattoos and surgical interventions. Two main categories emerged: 1. Body modifications as constructions of the self with two subcategories, the pursuit of bodily aesthetics and the pursuit of spiritual aesthetics. 2. Health consequences.The need to build an identity of their own, as well as to be integrated into their environment by helping to improve not only their external appearance but also their inner side were the main inputs. The major ethical dilemmas are evident when body modifications are influenced by social and cultural values. The debate and reflection of the students through photovoice and its symbolic representation in bodymapping highlighted its health consequences. For the students, nursing should accompany them throughout the entire process, highlighting the importance of ethical values. ConclusionThe ethical value attributed to the different body modifications has been shown, revealing how they have a common origin, the improvement of their corporal and spiritual aesthetics. Nursing has a role as an active carer of the health of these people and must act in accordance with the ethical principles of this profession.

THE APPLICATION OF TEACHER ETHICAL VALUES ACCORDING TO IMAM DZAHABI IN MA AL-IRSYAD TENGARAN AND MATIQ AS-SURKATI SALATIGA

Among the descriptions of the problems found by researchers is the condition of some teacher ethics that are not in accordance with the goals of Islamic education itself. There are also teachers who do not care about the mistakes of the students they see. In addition, there are still many student violations that are suspected to be the result of the influence of bad teacher ethics. So this study aims to remind good teacher ethics to the ranks of teachers in the two madrasas. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The researcher sees that this method is suitable for this research because the purpose of this research is to describe and explain the ethical values contained in the book siyaar a'laamin nubala by Imam Dzahabi. The results achieved include showing that the teacher always shows a sincere attitude towards the task of teaching students in their work. In general, the ethics of teachers in the two madrasas are in accordance with what was described by Imam Dzahabi in his book Siyaar Alamin Nubala. Meanwhile, teachers should not only improve their quality in terms of intelligence about the material being taught. But teachers also need to pay attention to ethics when in the school environment. Because the attitude and behavior of the teacher has more influence on the quality of their students than the material obtained while in class.

Rules of engagement: ethical issues and value chain introspection in Artificial Intelligence systems

Rules of engagement: ethical issues and value chain introspection in Artificial Intelligence systems