Ethanol Extract Of Seeds Research Articles

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EMULGEL OF Brucea javanica (L.) Merr SEED EXTRACTS

Anti-inflammatory drugs are needed to overcome excessive inflammatory reactions that can interfere with activities. The existence of side effects in the use of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs causes the search for natural drugs with high therapeutic effects and low side effects to continue. Seeds of Makassar (Brucea javanica (L.) Merr) plant are known to have anti-inflammatory activity. Topical anti-inflammatory administration is currently being developed because it can minimize side effects compared to oral. This study aimed to formulate 96% ethanol extract of Makasar fruit seeds in the form of an emulgel and to determine the physical properties and anti-inflammatory activity of the emulgel in vitro. Makasar fruit seeds were extracted by sonication method using 96% ethanol solvent (3 x 35 minutes). The extract was then formulated into an emulgel preparation with an extract concentration of 1%. Emulgel was then tested for its physical properties and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro using protein denaturation inhibition method. The results showed that the physical properties of emulgel base (F0), extract emulgel (F1), and Na-diclofenac emulgel (F2) met the requirements for homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, and viscosity tests. F0, F1, and F2 had inhibition percentages of 3.74±1.58%,; 23.07±0.72%; and 33.49±0.29, respectively. According to one-way ANOVA statistical test, the three tested groups had significant differences.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT AND ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF KEBIUL (Caesalpinia bonduc L.) SEED COAT AGAINST INHIBITION OF PROTEIN DENATURATION

Inflammation is a normal protective reaction against tissue damage caused by physical injury, harmful chemicals, and protein denaturation. Protein denaturation is a process in which proteins lose their tertiary structure and secondary structure due to foreign substances, external compounds, such as strong acids, strong bases, organic salts, organic solvents, and heating. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of the seed coat of Kebiul (Caesalpinia bonduc L.) by calculating the IC50 value of protein denaturation in the sample. The results of the phytochemical test of the ethanol extract of Kebiul seeds contained flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins, while the ethyl acetate fraction only contained tannins and alkaloids. The results of the anti-inflammatory test showed that the highest percent inhibition value of sodium diclofenac, ethanol extract, and ethyl acetate fraction, respectively, at a concentration of 20 ppm was 84.8%; 84.1%; and 50%. The IC50 values ​​of sodium diclofenac, ethanol extract, and ethyl acetate fraction were 5.4 μg/mL; 9.9 μg/mL; and 13.3 μg/mL, respectively. The three samples had percent inhibition values exceeding 20% which indicated that all three can be used as an anti-inflammatory. Keywords: anti-inflammatory, protein denaturation, Caesalpinia bonduc L.

Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum on Paracetamol-induced Hepato- and Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum on Paracetamol-induced Hepato- and Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Parkia speciosa Seeds Ethanol Extract as Co-chemotherapeutic Agent for Doxorubicin Toward Tongue Cancer

BACKGROUND: Parkia speciosa seeds have been reported to have an anticancer property due to the presence of various antioxidant compounds. Since the potential uses of P. speciosa for the tongue cancer has not been clearly disclosed, we conducted a study to investigate anticancer properties of P. speciosa seed ethanol extract (PSSEE) as well as its effect on cardiac cells.METHODS: Tongue cancer rat model were treated with/without Doxorubicin and various concentrations of PSSEE. After treatment, tongue and heart samples were collected and processed further for histological examinations. Tongue epithelium thickness and damaged heart tissues was observed by HE staining, while tongue cancer cell proliferation was assessed by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Analyses were performed under an upright light microscope to measure tongue epithelium thickness, state of cancer cell proliferation, and degree of heart tissue damage.RESULTS: Addition of 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) PSSEE to 4.6 mg/kg BW Doxorubicin reduced the average tongue epithelial thickness and Ki-67+ cells number. Upon addition of PSSEE to Doxorubicin, the damage of heart tissue was reduced in a concentration dependent manner. Among all groups, the group of tongue cancer treated with 4.6 mg/kg BW Doxorubicin and 400 mg/kg BW PSSEE had the lowest percentage as well as the lowest degree of heart tissue damage.CONCLUSION: Since addition of PSSEE to Doxorubicin reduced epithelial thickness, number of Ki-67+ cells and heart tissue damage, PSSEE could be a potential co-chemotherapeutic agent for Doxorubicin toward tongue cancer.KEYWORDS: Parkia speciosa, Doxorubicin, tongue cancer, epithelial thickness, Ki-67, cardiotoxicity, co-chemotherapy

Antidiabetic, Antiglycation, and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Seed Extract of Passiflora edulis and Piceatannol In Vitro.

The objective of this work was to investigate the antidiabetic, antiglycation, and antioxidant potentials of ethanolic extract of seeds of Brazilian Passiflora edulis fruits (PESE), a major by-product of the juice industry, and piceatannol (PIC), one of the main phytochemicals of PESE. PESE, PIC, and acarbose (ACB) exhibited IC50 for alpha-amylase, 32.1 ± 2.7, 85.4 ± 0.7, and 0.4 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively, and IC50 for alpha-glucosidase, 76.2 ± 1.9, 20.4 ± 7.6, and 252 ± 4.5 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of PESE, PIC, and sitagliptin (STG) for dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) was 71.1 ± 2.6, 1137 ± 120, and 0.005 ± 0.001 µg/mL, respectively. PESE and PIC inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) with IC50 of 366 ± 1.9 and 360 ± 9.1 µg/mL for the initial stage and 51.5 ± 1.4 and 67.4 ± 4.6 µg/mL for the intermediate stage of glycation, respectively. Additionally, PESE and PIC inhibited the formation of β-amyloid fibrils in vitro up to 100%. IC50 values for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) scavenging activity of PESE and PIC were 20.4 ± 2.1, and 6.3 ± 1.3 µg/mL, respectively. IC50 values for scavenging hypochlorous acid (HOCl) were similar in PESE, PIC, and quercetin (QCT) with values of 1.7 ± 0.3, 1.2 ± 0.5, and 1.9 ± 0.3 µg/mL, respectively. PESE had no cytotoxicity to the human normal bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B), and alpha mouse liver (AML-12) cells up to 100 and 50 µg/mL, respectively. However, 10 µg/mL of the extract was cytotoxic to non-malignant breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). PESE and PIC were found to be capable of protecting cultured human cells from the oxidative stress caused by the carcinogen NNKOAc at 100 µM. The in vitro evidence of the inhibition of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and DPP-4 enzymes as well as antioxidant and antiglycation activities, warrants further investigation of the antidiabetic potential of P. edulis seeds and PIC.

Improvement of biochemical and hematological parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats via administration of ethanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds

Improvement of biochemical and hematological parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats via administration of ethanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds

In Silico Approaches to Study the Anti Cancer Potential of Bioactive Compounds of Apium leptophyllum Pers by Molecular Docking

The Indian traditional health care system has suggested the presence of bioactive compounds in herbs used for the treatment of cancer. Natural medicinal plants have been used as therapeutics since the Vedic era. In-Silico studies have demonstrated to be an important tool that facilitates the use of the structural diversity of the natural products and designing new drugs for various diseases. Isolation studies by GC-MS analysis revealed that the ethanolic seed extract of Apium leptophyllum Pers contain natural bioactive compounds such as Thymol, Alpha –Terpineol and 9,12- Octadecadienoyl chloride(Z-Z-). These three active compounds are found in higher concentration in the ethanolic extract of Apium leptophyllum Pers seeds. The isolated active compounds were subjected to docking studies using Glide module (Schrodinger). Research was performed to find out the potential molecular targets for these selected compounds. The effectiveness of In-silico approach was carried out by performing docking of known specific phenolic mono terpenoids such as Thymol inhibitors against their respective selected macromolecules of cancer cell receptor. The present study was carried out to identify potential inhibitors for Bruton’s tyrosine kinase and checkpoint kinase 2. The docking studies revealed that the some essential active compounds such as Thymol, Alpha -Terpineol, and 9, 12- Octadecadienoyl chloride(Z-Z-) isolated by GC-MS analysis have potent anticancer activity against cancer cell. The study will further pave the way in designing other potent drugs and drug analogs. The novel molecular entities have the potential as leads which certainly aid in designing anti-cancer molecules in short span of time.

Development of Lepidium sativum Extracts/PVA Electrospun Nanofibers as Wound Healing Dressing.

Lepidium sativum L. (Garden cress/Hab El Rashad) (Ls), family Brassicaceae, has considerable importance in traditional medicine worldwide because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Ls fruits were used in Ayurvedic medicines as a useful drug for injuries, skin, and eye diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the total ethanol extract (TEE) and polysaccharide (Poly) of Ls seeds loaded on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers (NFs) as a wound healing dressing and to correlate the activity with the constituents of each. TEE and Poly were phytochemically analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis proved the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, and mucilage. Meanwhile, quantitative determinations were carried out spectrophotometrically for total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for TEE identified 15 phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds, with gallic acid and catechin as the majors. Separation, purification, and identification of the major compounds were achieved through a Puriflash system, column Sephadex LH20, and spectroscopic data (1H, 13C NMR, and UV). Eight compounds (gallic acid, catechin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin, and kaempferol) were obtained. Gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis for Poly identified 11 compounds, with galactose being the main. The antioxidant activity for both extracts was measured by three different methods based on different mechanisms: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). TEE has the highest effectiveness as an antioxidant agent with IC50 82.6 ± 8.35 μg/mL for DPPH and 772.47 and 758.92 μM Trolox equivalent/mg extract for FRAP and ABTS, respectively. The PVA nanofibers (NFs) for each sample were fabricated by electrospinning. The fabricated NFs were characterized by SEM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); the results revealed successful encapsulation of TEE and Poly in the prepared NFs. Moreover, the swelling index of TEE in the prepared NFs shows that it is the most appropriate for use as a wound dressing. Cytotoxicity studies indicated a high cell viability with IC50 216 μg/mL and 1750 μg/mL for TEE and Poly, respectively. Moreover, the results revealed that nanofibers possess higher cell viability compared to solutions with the same sample quantities: 9-folds for TEE and 4-folds for Poly of amount 400 μg. The in vitro wound healing test showed that the TEE nanofibers performed better than Poly nanofibers in accelerating wound healing, with 90% for TEE, more than that for the Poly extract (82%), after 48 h. These findings implied that the incorporation of TEE in PVA nanofibers was more efficient than incorporation of Poly in improving the biological activity in wound healing. In conclusion, the TEE and polysaccharides of L. sativum L seed are ideal candidates for nanofibrous wound dressings. Furthermore, the contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids in TEE, which have potential antioxidant activity, make the TEE of L. sativum more favorable for wound healing dressing.

Protective effects of the ethanolic fenugreek seeds extract and its potentiation with nitric oxide modulators in adjuvant induced changes in arthritic index, proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines imbalance and oxidative stress markers in rats

Objectives: The current study was designed to evaluate protective role of the ethanolic fenugreek seed extract (FSE) and potentiating its effects with nitric oxide (NO) modulators in experimental arthritis and its comparison with the standard drug methotrexate. Materials and Methods: The FSE was prepared using standard procedures. Fifty-four male Wistar rats were equally distributed into nine groups of six animals in each group. Rheumatoid arthritis was induced by administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in sub-plantar region of rt. hind paw. FSE alone and with L-arginine or Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) were administered on day 10 of CFA inoculation, i.p. Animals were evaluated for arthritic parameters, cytokines and oxidative stress markers estimation. Statistics: The data were analysed by two-way ANOVA followed by Newman Keul’s post hoc test for inter group analysis by GraphPad Prism 6.0 and P < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Adjuvant inoculated rat shows significant increase in arthritic and inflammatory parameters as well as oxidative stress biomarkers in serum, paw homogenates and joint synovial fluid. CFA inoculation significantly decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine-10 and SOD activity. These adjuvant-induced arthritic changes were significantly attenuated by ethanolic FSE administration from 10 to 28 days. These results are comparable to standard drug methotrexate. NO modulators further potentiated protective effects of FSE when given in combination. These results were more prominent when ethanolic seed extract was given with iNOS inhibitor, L-NAME. Conclusion: These findings suggest that FSE shows protective effects in CFA induced arthritic changes that may be mediated through pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines imbalance and it is associated with modulation of oxidative stress and NO-signalling.

STUDI KADAR TANIN DAN INHIBISI OKSIDAN HASIL MASERASI BIJI PINANG WANGI DENGAN PERLAKUAN DAN TANPA PERLAKUAN ULTRASONIK

Areca nut from Padang Pariaman as an export commodity is rich in tannin content and its ability as an antioxidant is used as the object of this research. The extraction of fragrant betel nut seeds has been carried out using the usual kinetic maceration method and the kinetic maceration method with ultrasonic wave irradiation pretreatment. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the tannin content, total phenol and antioxidant inhibition of the ethanol extract of areca nut seeds. A total of 20 grams of areca nut powder in a mesh variation of 20, 40 and 70 was extracted in 200 ml of ethanol with a solvent variation of 65% and 80%. Using three treatments, namely maceration treatment without ultrasonic irradiation, maceration with 15 minutes of ultrasonic irradiation pretreatment and the third treatment with 30 minutes of ultrasonic irradiation. The solvent was evaporated in a rotary evaporator and then tested for tannin levels using Follin Denish and DPPH reagents to measure antioxidants. The results of the highest tannin content were obtained in the third treatment, namely maceration with ultrasonic irradiation treatment 30 minutes, areca nut powder size 40 mesh, ethanol solvent 80% obtained tannin content of 12.5%. Meanwhile, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained at 70 mesh size, 80% ethanol solvent and the same treatment, which was 81.78.

Moringa oleifera seed ethanol extract and its active component kaempferol potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviours in mice via a GABAergic mechanism

Context Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) (MO) is an important food plant that has high nutritional and medical value. However, there is limited information on whether its seeds can improve sleep. Objective This study investigated the effects of MO seed ethanol extracts (EEMOS) on sleep activity improvement and examined the underlying mechanisms. Materials and methods Male ICR mice were placed into six groups (n = 12) and treated as follows: Control (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 20 mL/kg), estazolam tablets (2 mg/kg), EEMOS (1, 2 g/kg) and kaempferol (1, 2 mg/kg). These samples were successively given intragastric for 14 d. Locomotor activity assay, pentobarbital-induced sleeping and pentetrazol-induced seizures tests were utilized to examine the sedative-hypnotic effects (SHE) of EEMOS. Results Compared with the control group, the results revealed that EEMOS (2 g/kg) and KA (2 mg/kg) possessed good SHE and could significantly elevate the levels of γ-aminobutyric acid and reduce the levels of glutamic acid in the mouse hypothalamus (p < 0.05). Moreover, SHE was blocked by picrotoxin, flumazenil and bicuculline (p < 0.05). EEMOS (2 g/kg) and KA (2 mg/kg) significantly upregulated the protein expression levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65) and α1-subunit of GABAA receptors in the hypothalamus of mice (p < 0.05), not affecting glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD67) and γ2-subunit expression levels (p > 0.05). Additionally, they cause a significant increase in Cl- influx in human cerebellar granule cells at a concentration of 8 µg/mL (p < 0.05). Discussion and conclusions These findings demonstrated that EEMOS could improve sleep by regulating GABAA-ergic systems, and encourage further clinical trials to treat insomnia.

Antibacterial Potential Of Ethanol Extract Of Tamarind Seed Bark (Tamarindus indica L.) And Formulation Of Anti-Acne Nanogel

Acne is a skin disease that affects a large number of sufferers. Acne occurs due to active oil glands under the skin. This activity is stimulated by androgen hormones. The active compound content of proanthocyanidin is the main compound in the ethanolic extract of tamarind seed bark, which can inhibit the growth of acne-causing bacteria, namely Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The purpose of this study was to formulate a nanogel from tamarind seed bark extract and test the antibacterial potential of an ethanol extract of tamarind seeds against acne-causing bacteria. The antibacterial potency test consisted of variations in concentration and was 0.5, 1, 5, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 300 (in mg/mL). The concentration of the formulated nanogel preparations was 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. The MIC results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was at a concentration of 1 mg/mL with a zone of inhibition of 6.50 ± 0.44 mm (Propionibacterium acnes) and 6.40 ± 0.10 mm (Staphylococcus epidermidis). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was at a concentration of 25 mg/mL with a percentage reduction of 98.18% (Propionibacterium acnes) and 98.06% (Staphylococcus epidermidis). The results of the nanogel formulations showed that the particle sizes were 49.88 ± 0.11 nm (Formula I), 51.92 ± 0.09 nm (Formula II), and 59.13 ± 0.10 nm (Formula III). Conclusion The ethanolic extract of tamarind seed bark has effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of acne-causing bacteria and can be formulated as an anti-acne nanogel.

Caesalpinia crista seeds-in vivo screening of hepatoprotective efficacy against CCL4 induced hepatotoxicity

Ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia crista(commonly known as Latakaranja) seeds, belonging to family Caesalpiniaceae, was evaluated for hepatoprotective efficacy in Wistar rats against hepatic injury carbon induced tetrachloride. The toxicant CCl4(1:1 mixture in olive oil)was administered to rats (3 mL/kg)i.p., twice a week for 4 weeks to induce liver toxicity. The ethanolic extract of seeds of Caesalpinia cristawas administered at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg p.o., daily for 4weeks and Silymarin (100 mg/kg p.o.) was used as a standard drug. Biochemical parameters such as serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin were assessed and histopathological studies of the liver were performed to evaluate the hepatoprotective efficacy of the extract. Treatment of rats administered with C. crista seed extract showed a significant decrease in CCl4-induced elevated serum enzyme levels as well as a significant increase in total protein levels that was lowered by the hepatotoxic compound used and the results were comparable to Silymarin.

ISOLATION, EXTRACTION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND STANDARDIZATION OF NATURAL DYES FROM BIXA ORELLANA L. SEEDS AND THE LEAVES OF LAWSONIA INERMIS L.

The antioxidant potential of different fractions of ethanol extracts of seeds of Bixa orellana L. (Bixaceae) and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. were investigated via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity using ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) as a standard reference. The free radical scavenging activity of annatto extract ranged from 14.40% to 77.95% in Bixa orellana and 16.50% to 71.8 % in Lawsonia inermis relative to ascorbic acid (15% to 86%) at respective concentration between 10µm/ml and 50µm/ml. phytochemical analysis shows the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponin, tannin, terpenoids and phenolic groups. Hence, both the samples have potential source of new natural antioxidant. Another aim of this study is that the people to get the natural dyes instead of synthetic dye. Natural dyes are not only eco-friendly but also protect human skin. These two samples have both dyeing property and medicinal properties.

Toxicological Assessments of a Proprietary Blend of Punica granatum Fruit Rind and Theobroma cacao Seed Extracts: Acute, Subchronic, and Genetic Toxicity Studies.

LN18178 (Tesnor®) is a standardized, proprietary composition of aqueous ethanol extracts of Punica granatum fruit rind and Theobroma cacao seeds. The present study demonstrates a broad-spectrum toxicological evaluation of LN18178 utilizing in vitro and in vivo preclinical models following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines for testing chemicals. Wistar rats did not show any clinical signs of toxicity and morbidity in acute oral and dermal toxicity tests with the median lethal dose (LD50) values of at least 5000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg body weight, respectively. LN18178 was nonirritating to the skin and eyes of the treated rabbits. In a ninety-day subchronic repeated oral dose toxicity study, the LN18178-treated Wistar rats did not show dose-related signs of toxicity on their body weight, food consumption, organ weights, hematology, and clinical chemistry parameters. The estimated no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of LN18178 in male and female rats was 2500 mg/kg body weight. The observations from the bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro chromosomal aberration assay, micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow erythrocytes, and in vitro mouse lymphoma TK+/− gene mutation assay suggest that LN18178 is neither mutagenic nor clastogenic. In summary, the present study demonstrates that oral consumption of the herbal blend LN18178 does not show signs of toxicity; also it does not elicit genetic toxicity in the standard preclinical models.

Antispasmodic activity of the ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds: Justifying ethnomedicinal use in Pakistan to treat asthma and diarrhea

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCitrullus lanatus (Thunb.) belongs to the ground family, Cucurbitaceae, known for edible fruit. Besides nutritional benefits, the traditional herbal practitioners in Pakistan and India used their seeds to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary disorders. In Northern Sudan, its seeds are often used as a laxative. Its root is laxative and emetic at a high dose. Its seeds are also used to treat bedwetting and urinary tract obstruction. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to elucidate the multi-target mechanisms of Citrullus lanatus seeds to treat asthma and diarrhea. The pharmacological experiments were designed and conducted, along with the pharmacology network and molecular docking predictions, to verify the seeds biopotency for antispasmodic and bronchodilator properties. MethodsLC ESI-MS/MS were performed to identify the potentially active compounds in hydroethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds, then to quantify them by HPLC. The quantified bioactive compounds of Citrullus lanatus, i.e., stigmasterol, quinic acid, malic acid, epicatechin, caffeic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, scopoletin, apigenin, and kaempferol were subjected to in silico studies for molecular docking. The hydroethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds was examined on isolated rabbit tissue, i.e., jejunum, trachea, and urinary bladder. The antiperistalsis, antidiarrheal and antisecretory studies were also performed in animal models. ResultsIn silico studies revealed that bioactive compounds of C. lanatus seeds interfere with asthma and diarrhea-associated target genes, which are a member of calcium mediate signaling, regulation of cytosolic calcium concentration, smooth muscle contraction, and inflammatory responses. It was also found that rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and scopoletin were stronger binding to voltage-gated calcium channels, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, myosin light chain kinase, and phosphoinositide phospholipase C, thus, exerting calcium channel blocker activity. The hydroethanolic extract of C. lanatus seeds exerted a concentration-dependent relaxant response for the spasmolytic response on isolated jejunum and trachea preparations and caused relaxation of spastic contraction of K+ (80 mM). Furthermore, it caused a non-parallel rightward shift with suppression of calcium concentration-response curves. In animal models, the Cl.EtOH showed antiperistalsis, antidiarrheal and antisecretory response. ConclusionThus, we confirm Citrullus lanatus seeds have some medicinal effects by regulating the contractile response through target proteins of calcium mediates signaling and can be a promising component in the medical treatment for asthma and diarrhea.

Phytochemical screening and antidiabetic activities test of ethanol extract from Syzygium cumini L. seeds in male Wistar rats induced by alloxan

Introduction: The ethanol extract of the jamblang fruit seed (Syzygium cumini L.) is known to have an antidiabetic effect and this is further confirmed by the high intensity of its α-amylase inhibitory effect. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of jamblang fruit seed extract in reducing blood sugar levels. Method: Phytochemical screening was carried out on the ethanol extract from jamblang fruit seeds. Twenty-eight male wistar rats were given alloxan to induce diabetes. The rats were divided into four groups: normal control, negative control (CMC-Na), positive control (Glibenclamide), and a group that was given ethanol extract of jamblang seeds. Measurement of blood glucose levels was carried out on day 0 and day 15. Results: The phytochemical screening results show that the ethanolic extract of jamblang fruit seeds (Syzygium cumini L.) contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and polyphenols, as well as steroids and triterpenoids. The group being treated with ethanol extract from jamblang seeds showed decreased blood sugar levels on day 15, indicating the antidiabetic effectiveness of the extract. Conclusion: Ethanol extract from jamblang seeds (Syzygium cumini) contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, steroids, and triterpenoids; and is able to reduce blood glucose levels of male wistar rats induced with alloxan.

Antiradical Activity Study of Momordica charantia L Seeds Based on DPPH and its Secondary Metabolites Analysis

Momordica charantia L seed is classified as the domestic waste even though it has many health benefits, namely as anti-tumor, anti-virus, and as a medicine to increase the body resistance. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of the seeds using the DPPH method. Furthermore, a GC-MS analysis will be carried out to determine the chemical compounds that play a role in the bioactivity. Based on the absorbance of DPPH in three repetitions, the average value of DPPH inhibition by 95% ethanol extract of bitter melon seeds was 60.45%, in which classified as a good radical absorbance. The GC-MS results showed that the ethanol extract of bitter melon seeds contained ten chemical compounds consisting of sesquiterpenes, fatty acids, and alkanes, which affecting the radical absorbance of M. charantia extract.

Mammea B/BA Isolated From the Seeds of Mammea americana L. (Calophyllaceae) is a Potent Inhibitor of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus remains a pathogen of high concern in public health programs worldwide due to antibiotic resistance and emergence of highly virulent strains. Many phytochemicals have demonstrated activity against S. aureus and other Gram-positive bacteria, but the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values comparable to commonly used antibiotics are needed. In the present study, bio-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of seeds of Mammea americana L. (Calophyllaceae) throughout the antibacterial activity, against S. aureus strains that are sensitive and resistant to methicillin, led to the isolation of four coumarins identified as mammea B/BA, mammea B/BC, mammea A/AA cyclo D and mammea A/AA cyclo F, and a mixture of mammea B/BA cyclo F plus mammea B/BD cyclo F. The extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus with MIC values of 2–4 μg/ml and Mammea B/BA (MaBBA) presented MIC values in a range between 0.5 and 1.0 μg/ml in six methicillin-sensitive strains and eight methicillin-resistant strains evaluated. We consider MaBBA the most potent of all mammea coumarins reported to date, according to the literature review carried out at the time of writing of this article. Toxicity assessment in vivo against the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and in vitro against human fibroblasts of the extract and the compound MaBBA indicated that both had low toxicity.

Effects of Ethanolic Seed Extract of Dacryodes Edulis on the of Paraquat Induced on Testicular Toxicity in Male Adult Wistar Rats

Dacryodes edulis, a multipurpose plant contains high concentrations of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents that protect against tissue damage. The study was aimed at determining the ethanolic seed extract of dacryodes edulis on the of paraquat induced on testicular toxicity in male adult wister rat. Fifty-four adult male albino wister rat weighing between 150-180g were used for the study. LD 50 was determined for both dacryodesedulis and paraquat. The rats used for this experiment were distributed into eight groups. Group A (control group) while B C D E F G H were the treated group. (group B paraquat 0.1ml only for4 weeks, group C paraquat only for 2 weeks, group D paraquat + 500mg/kg of dacryodes edulis, group E paraquat only for 2 weeks and discontinued, Group F paraquat +1000mg/kg of dacryodes edulis for 4 weeks’ group G and H received 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg of dacryodes edulis for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment animals were anesthetized and samples were collected for assessment. The result from this study shows that paraquat produces destructive effects on testes evaluations, There was significant increase in LH, FSH testosterone level, was high in group C E F. There was also a significant decrease in the body weight and relative organ weight throughout the period of administration. Histopathological finding reveals distortion of the testicular tissues with mild toxicity in group B. The treated group showed sign of recovery and reversal effect of paraquat. In conclusion the ethanolic seed extract of dacryodes edulis possess ability to improve sperm morphology in paraquat toxicity.