Ethanol Extract Of Herb Research Articles

Lygodium microphyllum Inhibits de Novo Lipogenesis Activity in the Hepatocytes of High-Fat High-Fructose-Induced Rats by Increasing the Levels of SIRT1 and AMPK.

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently of great concern due to its risk of developing T2DM and cardiovascular disease. The development of NAFLD may be initiated by de novo lipogenesis in the hepatocytes. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), are responsible for the lipogenesis mechanism. Interestingly, plant sterols, such as beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, have the potential to lower the LDL-cholesterol in dyslipidemic patients. Beta-sitosterol was present in the ethanol extract of Lygodium microphyllum herbs at a concentration of 283.55µg/g extract. This sterol interacted with the active allosteric-binding site of SIRT1 and AMPK similarly to the proteins' activators. To investigate the anti-lipogenesis activity of the ethanol extract of L. microphyllum (ELM) in the liver tissue of rats through the SIRT1 and AMPK levels. Forty male Wistar rats were used in this study: (1) normal control group; (2) high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD) rats; (3) HFHFD rats treated with metformin; (4) HFHFD rats treated with resveratrol; (5) HFHFD rats treated with beta-sitosterol; (6-8) HFHFD rats treated with ELM doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg BW. Rats in the normal control group were fed regular chow, while other groups of rats were given HFHFD for 35 days. All drugs were given orally on D15 till D35. On D35, the rats were sacrificed, and the liver organs were examined for the liver index, morphology, NAFLD activity score (NAS), and levels of SIRT1 and AMPK. ELM improves the morphology, the liver index, the steatosis condition, and the NAS of HFHFD-induced NAFLD rats. ELM increases the levels of SIRT1 and AMPK in the liver tissue of HFHFD-induced NAFLD rats. ELM may have the potential to inhibit de novo lipogenesis by increasing the levels of SIRT1 and AMPK.

Physicochemical, Heavy Metal Analysis, HPTLC, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activity of an Ethanol Extract of Viola pilosa Blume Whole Plant

IntroductionQuality control of herbal products remains a big challenge. There needs to be more than the physicochemical parameters to authenticate and differentiate adulterants in medicinal plants. Viola pilosa is one of the herbs used to treat various bodily ailments. This study aims to evaluate the quality control, HPTLC, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) fingerprint profiles of the whole plant of V pilosa. The in-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of V pilosa were also studied. MethodsThe physicochemical standardisation and the heavy metal analysis of the whole plant of V pilosa coarse powder were carried out using standard methods. High-performance Thin layer chromatography and Gas chromatography - Mass spectroscopy (HPTLC and GC-MS) analyses of the ethanol extract of V pilosa were performed using standard methods. The in-vitro antioxidant properties of the ethanolic extract on DPPH and its antimicrobial effects against different microbes were also investigated. ResultsThe physicochemical properties of V pilosa have shown that all the parameters were within the permissible limits. The HPTLC fingerprint profile of the ethanolic extract exhibited 14 peaks under UV 254 nm and seven peaks under UV 366 nm. The GC-MS analysis illustrated the presence of 10 bioactive compounds in the test sample. The ethanolic extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against certain organisms and promising antioxidant activity. ConclusionsThe quality control findings revealed that the test drug was free from adulterations. The physicochemical constants, HPTLC, and GC-MS profiles of V pilosa can be essential data in the future. This herb's ethanolic extract may treat infectious and inflammatory diseases.

AKTIVITAS ANTIDISLIPIDEMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica L. Urb) PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN OBESITAS YANG DIINDUKSI PAKAN TINGGI LEMAK DAN KARBOHIDRAT

Dyslipidemia is an abnormality that occurs in the lipid profile. Obesity can affect lipid profile levels such as increased levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (KT), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and decreased High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), known as dyslipidemia. This study aimed to determine the antidyslipidemic activity of the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica herb in rats induced by a high fat and carbohydrate diet. This research is an experimental prevention method using 6 groups of test animals that were induced for 60 days (except the normal group) accompanied by the administration of the test substance 2 hours before the induction was carried out. Group 1 as a normal control was only given Na-CMC, group 2 as an induced control was only given Na-CMC, group 3 was given fenofibrate suspension 18 mg/Kg BW, and groups 4-6 were given ethanol extract of Centella asiatica herb at a dose of 50 mg/Kg, 100 mg/Kg, and 200 mg/Kg BW. Parameters for examination of lipid profile levels including levels of TG, KT, HDL, and LDL were carried out on day 0 and day 60. The results showed that the administration of the ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica herb at a dose of 200 mg/Kg was effective in providing activity in maintaining normal levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica has antidyslipidemic activity in a rat model induced by a high fat and carbohydrate diet.

Formulasi Susu Pembersih Ekstrak Etanol Herba Pegagan (Centella Asiatica) Menggunakan Surfaktan Tween 80 Dan Span 80

Gotu Kola herb is a natural antibiotic that contains the compound asiaticoside which has anti-acne properties in cleansing cosmetics such as cleansing milk. The use of appropriate surfactants can help form cleansing milk preparations. The aim of this research was to see the effect of surfactant concentration on the physical properties of cleansing milk with ethanol extract of gotu kola herb using Tween 80 and Span 80 surfactants. Cleansing milk preparations were made with five formulas with different concentrations of Tween 80 and Span 80, namely 1%, 2%, 3 %, 4 %, and 5 %. The research results showed that the different surfactant concentrations for each formula did not affect the organoleptic, homogeneity, pH and specific gravity of the cleansing milk, but did affect the spreadability of the cleansing milk. The higher the surfactant concentration, the smaller the spreadability of the cleansing milk. All cleansing milk preparations meet SNI characteristics.
 

Pembuatan Sediaan Gel Dari Ekstrak Herba Pegagan (Centella Asiatica L. Urban) Sebagai Obat Luka Sayat

Gotu kola (Centella asiatica L. Urban) contains the active ingredient saponin, an asiaticoside compound that acts as an antibiotic and spurs the production of collagen I, a protein that accelerates the wound healing process. The purpose of this study was to formulate a gel material from ethanol extract of gotu kola herb that meets the requirements of a good gel. In this study, gotu kola saponins were obtained from the extraction process carried out using a stirred extractor at 65°C, 350 rpm and 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. Identification of saponins was done using FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed). The gel formulation was made with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. A mass transfer coefficient of 0.01240 min-1 was obtained. The IR spectrum results showed the presence of O-H groups, C-H alkane groups (CH2, CH3), C=O carbonyl groups and C-O ester groups. The results of the evaluation carried out with the three gel concentrations in the organoleptic test, pH test, viscosity test, stability test, adhesion test and spread ability test met the requirements of a good gel.

Potential of Binara Herb Ethanol Extract (Artemisia vulgaris L.) as an Antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus

Background: Herb Binara has potential as an antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus, because this plant has several compounds that have medicinal properties, including: alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids. This compound can act as a natural antibiotic. Objective: The study was aimed at finding out whether Binara extract has antibacterial potential. Methods: The study was carried out using a disc diffusion system to assess the antibacterial potential of Binara herbal extract. Antibacterial potency is based on the area of obstruction around the disc. The study used four extract concentrations (20, 40, 60, and 80%), clindamycin, and DMSO. Results: Test results for the antibacterial potential of the ethanol extract of Binara herb at a concentration of 80; 60; 40; and 20% each show the resistance area is 12.90; 10.50; 9.00; and 8.10 mm. Conclusion: Binara herb ethanol extract has potential as an antibacterial with moderate to strong potency criteria

Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Patikan Kebo (Euphorbia Hirta L.) Herb Ethanol Extract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites, and the concentration of extracts that were effective as antibacterial and antifungal agents.
 Methods: The research method was carried out experimentally with several stages; making Simplicia, Simplicia characterization, maceration, phytochemical screening, making test solutions, and testing antibacterial and antifungal activities.
 Results: The results of phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of the patikan kebo herb (Euphorbia hirta L.) showed the existance of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids. Furthermore, the results of the antibacterial and antifungal activity test showed that the ethanol extract of the patikan kebo herb showed the diameter of the inhibition zone in the Strong category as the concentration increased.
 Conclusion: The herbal extract of patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) has antibacterial and antifungal activity so that it has potential as a natural antibiotic.

New Evidence for Artemisia absinthium L. Application in Gastrointestinal Ailments: Ethnopharmacology, Antimicrobial Capacity, Cytotoxicity, and Phenolic Profile.

Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae) is traditionally used for gastrointestinal ailments and disorders linked to numerous risk factors including microbial infections. We aimed to provide contemporary evidence for its ethnopharmacological use and determine its antimicrobial capacity and mode of action, cytotoxicity, and phenolic constituents. Ethnopharmacological survey was conducted using semistructured interviews. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm capacities were determined by microdilution/crystal violet assay, respectively. Modes of action tested include estimation of exopolysaccharide production (congo red binding assay) and interference with membrane integrity (crystal violet uptake and nucleotide leakage assay). Cytotoxicity was determined using crystal violet assay. Polyphenolic profiling was done by advanced liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ OrbiTrap MS). Artemisia absinthium in Serbia is traditionally used for gastrointestinal disorders, among others. Further study revealed high antifungal capacity of herb ethanolic extract towards range of Candida species (MIC 0.5–1 mg/mL) along with promising antibacterial activities (MIC 0.25–4 mg/mL). Interference with membrane integrity could be observed as a possible antimicrobial mechanism. Antibiofilm potential can be considered as high (towards C. krusei) to limited (towards P. aeruginosa) and moderate based on reduction in exopolysaccharide content. In concentrations up to 400 µg/mL, no cytotoxicity was observed towards HaCaT and HGF-1 cell lines. Polyphenolic analysis revealed twenty-one different constituents. A. absinthium usage as a gastrointestinal ailment remedy has been confirmed in vitro by its antimicrobial capacity towards microorganisms whose presence is linked to the diseases and associated complications and noncytotoxic nature of the natural product. The observed activities could be attributed to the present phenolic compounds.

Anticancer, Anticollagenase and in Silico Docking Studies of Anethum sowa L. Herb Oil against HCT 116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line

Aim: Anethum sowa L. isan aromatic plant with pharmacological potential. The chemical composition and the therapeutic of Anethum sowa L. herb oil grown in South Karnataka is very few; moreover, its essential oil and extract together is not being studied and compared for its effects on colon cancer cell lines HCT -116 and anti collagense study .
 Methods: The current investigation was intended to sight see the incidence of components present in the herb oil examined by (GC-MS), antioxidant , antimicrobial , anticancer & anticollagenase potential was investigated and further the insilco docking studies to unleash the potential drug like molecules in the therapeutic plant was studied .
 Results: 5-Oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-3-propionic acid methyl ester, (17.41%),beta-Amyrin(8.20),ritodrine(6.49),1-Naphthalenol,decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(methylethylidene)-,[1R-(1.alpha.4a.beta,8a.alpha)](2.39%),meta-Cymene(1.95%),trans-z-alpha-Bisabolene epoxide (1.80), and Viridiflorol(0.77%) were the new compounds isolated from this therapeutic plant, and Anethum sowa L. herb ethanolic extract contained many potential phytochemicals. The total phenol and flavonoid of the herb extract were 0.136mg/ml. and 0.108mg/ml respectively . Anethum sowa L. herb extract ABTS antioxidant assay showed excellent activity with an IC50 of 540µg/ml which was in power with gallic acid which showed an IC 50 of 393µg/ml. Essential oil of Anethum sowa L. herb exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against all the three microorganisms E-coli strain (MTCC 433), Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (MTCC 3384) Streptococcusmutants strain (MTCC 497) with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 20% herb oil . Cytotoxicity of Anethum sowa L.herb essential oil and ethanolic extract against Colon cancer cell lines – HCT -116 , showed that herb oil and herb ethanolic extract repressed the cell growth of the cell . Herb oil with an IC50 79.75µg/ml was more effective than the herb extract . Herb essential oil showed the maximum capacity in inhibiting the collagenase when compared to ethanolic extract of herb, the percentage of inhibition of Anethum sowa L. herb essential oil was found to be 60.89% and that of herb extract was (15.18%).
 Conclusion: Herb oil showed very good anticancer, antimicrobial and anticollagenase activity and by the In silico docking performed between the compounds present in the herb oil, MAI-150 and APC of Homo sapiens, it was found that lupeol showed the highest binding affinity with APC when compared with MAI-150 and rest other compounds present in the herb oil.

Immunomodulator Activity of Puguntano (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) Extract in White Male Mice By Carbon Clearance Method

Poguntano Herb Plants (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) contains flavonoids compounds that have been potentially to developed into immunomodulators. The purpose of this study was to determine the immunomodulatory activity of Poguntano herb extract (Picria fel-terrae Lour.), with the method of carbon clearance. n-hexane extract puguntano herb(ENHHP), extract of ethyl acetate of Poguntano herb (EEAHP), and ethanol extract of puguntano herb(EEHP) Poguntano multistage results in the test of immunomodulatory activity with a method of carbon clearance. Results showed that the EEHP 200 mg/kg BB showed a strong immunostimulation effect, EEAHP 200 mg/kg BB showed strong immunostimulation effect, ENHP 200 mg/kg BB demonstrated strong immunostimulation effect. It is thought that extract N-hexane herb Poguntano (ENHHP), extracts of ethyl herb acetate Poguntano (EEAHP), and herb ethanol extract Poguntano (EEHP) Poguntano herb may increase phagocytosis activity. Extract of ethyl acetate Poguntano herb 200 mg/kg bw (EEAHP) has the best phagocytosis activity with a value of 2.376 which indicates there is a significant difference (P < 0.05) with another treatment group.

Antioxidant activity ethanol extract of gotu kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) with DPPH method (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Pikrilhidrazil)

Unhealthy lifestyles and air pollution cause the number of free radicals in the body to increase. To protect the body from free radicals, there are antioxidant compounds as an antidote and stabilize free radicals. One of the Indonesian plants that can be used as antioxidants is gotu kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Objective: This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of gotu kola herb using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil) method. with IC50 value. Method: Gotu kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) was extracted by the soxhletation method using 96% ethanol solvent. The testing of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH (2.2 Diphenyl-1-Pikrihydrazil) method. Result: Test results of antioxidant activity The ethanol extract of gotu kola herb showed an IC50 value of 78.20 ppm. Conclusion: This indicated that the ethanol extract of gotu kola herb was included in the criteria for strong antioxidants.

Identification of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 3 Antagonists from Achillea alpina L. and Separation by Liquid-Liquid-Refining Extraction and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of whole herbs of Achillea alpina led to the isolation of isochlorogenic acids A and B as transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) channel antagonists by using a calcium fluorescent assay. The structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis and the inhibitory activities of isochlorogenic acids A and B were confirmed by whole-cell patch clamp recordings of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells expressing human TRPV3. Molecular docking results revealed that these two compounds reside in the same active pocket of human TRPV3 channel protein with lower binding energy than the agonist 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB). High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with a liquid-liquid extraction approach was successfully established for the separation of isochlorogenic acids A and B from the whole herbs of A. alpina. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane-ethyl acetate-water (3:3:4 and 1:5:4, v/v/v) were selected as liquid-liquid extraction solvent systems to remove high- and low-polarity impurities in the mixture. Sixty g of ethanol extract was refined by solvent partition to yield 1.7 g of the enriched fraction, of which 480 mg in turn obtained 52.5 mg of isochlorogenic acid B (purity 98.3%) and 37.6 mg isochlorogenic acid A (purity 96.2%) after HSCCC with n-hexane-ethyl acetate-water containing 1% acetic acid (1:4:8, v/v/v).

Immunostimulatory Activities of Pegagan Embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) in White Male Mice

Introduction: Pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides L.) has many pharmacological activies, such as improving the immune system. Aim: This research aims to study the immunomodulatory effect of Pegagan embun herbs ethanol extract (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides L.) determined by phagocytic activity and capacity of macrophages, total and percentage of leukocytes. Methods: 25 male white mice were divided into 5 equal groups. Negative control group were given Na CMC 0.5%, the extract treated group were given Pegagan embun ethanol extract at doses of 10, 50, 200 mg/kgbw, and the positive control group was given Stimuno 50 mg/kgbw orally for 7 days. On the 8th day, the total and percentage of leukocytes were counted through blood sample taken intravenously. The mice were then induced with Staphylococcus aureus suspension. After one hour, the peritoneal fluids was taken to determine the macrophages activity and capacity. The macrophages phagocytic activity and capacity, total and percentage of leukocytes were analyzed by One-Way Anova followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (p<0.05). Results: The results show significant increase of concentration (p<0.05) towards macrophages phagocytic activity and capacity, and total leukocytes count. Percentage of leukocytes show that lymphocytes increase significantly (p<0.05), meanwhile neutrophils segments decrease significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that ethanol extract of Pegagan embun herb at doses of 10, 50, 200 mg/kgbw shows immunostimulatory activity.

Effectiveness of antioxidant and anticoligenase activity of 70% ethanolic extracts of Kemangi leaves (Ocimum Basilicum)

Free radicals are one form of reactive oxygen compounds, which are generally known as compounds that have unpaired electrons. Kemangi leaves are used as an aphrodisiac because they contain araginin which can strengthen sperm resistance and prevent infertility. Besides araginin, Kemangi leaves also contain other secondary metabolites such as essential oils, phytosterols, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, lignin, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and anthraquinones. Phytochemical screening results of 70% ethanol extract of kemangi herbs themselves showed the presence of secondary metabolites of flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids / steroids. In this study, antioxidant activity was tested using the FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method, with concentrations of kemangi leaf extract and comparative compounds Euginol each concentration of 1000 μL/ml, 5000 μL/ml, 250 μL/ml, and 125 μL/ml, 62.50 μL/ml, and 31.25 μL/ml measured at 745 nm wavelength and collagenase inhibition test with ethanol extract of kemangi leaves with a comparison of eugenol compounds measured at a wavelength of 335 nm. The FRAP antioxidant activity results obtained based on IC50 Eugenol value of 261.36 μg/ml and Kemangi leaf extract at 111.32 μg/ml, antolagenagenase from Eugenol at 255.32 μg/ml and Kemangi leaf extract at 110.65 μ/ml.

UJI SENYAWA FLAVONOID TOTAL DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA BINARA (Artemisia annua) MENGGUNAKAN HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC) TAHUN 2019

ABSTRAK&#x0D; Herba binara (Artemisia Annua) is one of the plants that contains flavonoids which are efficacious as antioxidants and anticancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the total flavonoid compounds contained in ethanol extract of binara herbs (Artemisia Annua). Compounds in ethanol extract of binara herbs were identified by phytochemical screening. The results showed that the ethanol extract of binara herbs contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Extraction was carried out in two stages, namely maceration stage with 96% ethanol and fat removal stage by hydrolysis using distilled water solvent. The extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvents, then the partitions were examined by TLC using the mobile phase of chloroform and ethyl acetate (7: 3). Ribbon patches that have the same Rf and color prices as the initial detection are taken and searched. Then analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Based on the wavelength as well as the TLC test, a partial structure which was strongly&#x0D; suspected of total flavonoids was 0.93 g.&#x0D; &#x0D; Kata Kunci :Herba Binara (Artemisia Annua), flavonoid, KLT, High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC).&#x0D; &#x0D;

Formulasi Krim Ekstrak Etanol Herba Krokot (Portulacca oleracea L.) sebagai Tabir Surya

The use of sunscreen is a way to prevent the adverse effects of sun exposure to the skin. Sunscreens that contain synthetic chemical compounds can cause allergies to the skin. Therefore it is necessary to look for other ingredients that have activities as sunscreens, one of which is by using natural ingredients, especially from plants such as purslane herbs that have these activities. This type of research is an experiment to formulate cream of ethanol extract of purslane herbs as sunscreens with concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%. The thick extract of purslane herb is formulated as a cream with a base of stearic acid cream, cetyl alcohol, glycerin, triethanolamine, with nipagin and nipasol preservatives. Furthermore, the cream was carried out several tests, namely organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, stability, cream type, and SPF value in vitro. The test results found that the formulated cream had a light brown-green color, with a distinctive odor and half solid consistency. A cream that is made homogeneous, all creams are alkaline. All the spread cream meets the requirements (more than 4 cm). All cream formulas are stable because there is no separation in the cycling test. This type of cream is a type of oil in water that is easy to wash. SPF value of F0 cream (0% purslane ethanol extract) was 0.620±0.070, F2 (0.5% extract) 4.341±0.565, F3 (0.75% extract) 5.289±0.644, and F3 (1.0% extract) 7,862±1,564.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN SIRUP PENINGKAT IMUNITAS DARI HERBA MENIRAN (Phyllanthus niruri L.)

Meniran herb (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is a plant that has been scientifically proven to have activity as a natural immunomodulator. The effectiveness of natural immunomodulators from meniran herbs can be improved by formulating the ethanolic extract of meniran herbs into syrup preparations. This research was conducted to find out that the herbal extracts obtained had fulfilled the parameters of extract quality standards so that they could be formulated into pharmaceutical products. Standardization of herbal extracts includes testing of moisture content, testing of total ash content, testing of acid-soluble ash content, and testing of total flavonoid levels. Ethanol extract of Meniran herbs was obtained by maceration using 95% ethanol. Testing the extract moisture content produced extracts with a moisture content of 7.295%. Total ash content was 3%, acid insoluble ash content was 1.2% and total flavonoid content was 3.15%. &#x0D; Keywords: formulation, immunity, syrup, Phyllanthus niruri L.

Combination Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Ethanol Extract and Andrographis paniculata Herb on Blood Glucose Levels and Pancreas Histopathology of Diabetic Rats Induced by Streptozotocin

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a non-contagious disease, can damage the glucose metabolic system in the body, and is characterized by hyperglycemic conditions. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) and Andrographis herbs (Andrographis paniculata) have been studied to have antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of Moringa leaf ethanol extract (MLEE) and ethanol extract of Andrographis herbs (AHEE) in streptozotocin-induced rats (45 mg/kgBW). The subjects consisted of 32 rats, divided into 8 groups (1 healthy group and 7 type 2 DM groups). The study was conducted for 4 weeks by measuring blood glucose levels in pre-treatment, day 0, 14 and 28 with a single MLEE treatment dose of 300 mg/kgBW, single AHEE 300 mg/kgBW, combination of MLEE and AHEE 150+150 mg/kgBW, 200+100 mg/kgBW, 100 + 200 mg/kgBW, and gliclazide 5 mg/kgBW orally. The results of measurement of fasting blood glucose levels on day 28 showed that administration of gliclazide 5 mg/kg BW, single dose MLEE and AHEE, as well as its combination, had significant differences (p&lt;0.05) compared to the hyperglycemic control group. Pancreatic organ histopathology features in the extract dose group showed that there was a change in the repair of insula Langerhans compared to the hyperglycemic control group which showed necrotic damage due to streptozotocin induction. Combination administration has the same antihyperglycemic effect by single dose extract in diabetic rats within 28 days, which also restore weight loss to normal.

KARAKTERISASI SIMPLISIA SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA BINTARO (Cerbera manghas L.) TERHADAP Artemia salina Leach

The use of anticancer chemotherapy with chemicals has not given optimal results because the drug does not work specifically, in addition to attacking cancer cells it also damages normal cells. Bintaro (Cerbera mangha L.) is a wild plant that contains secondary metabolites which have been shown to have a wide range of therapeutic applications. Several studies have stated that Bintaro has activities as aanti cancer. The purpose of this researchto know the characteristics of Bintaro herb simplicia (Cerbera manghas L.) which can be determined using the procedures listed in the Materia Medika Indonesia book, knowing the class of secondary metabolites contained in the ethanol extract of bintaro herbs (Cerbera manghas L.), andknowing the level of toxicity of the ethanol extract of the herb bintaro (Cerbera manghas L.). The method used in this research is experimental with the post-test only controlled group design. The results of the characterization on the organoleptic test of Bintaro herb simplicia, namely the leaves are dark brown, the taste is slightly bitter then bitter, the stems are dark brown and shrinking, the smell is distinctive and tasteless, and the flowers are dark brown, characteristic odor and tasteless, after being ground to a powder. dark brown. The results of the microscopic test, the leaf herb simplicia samples obtained fragments, namely diasitic type stomata, spiral vessel fragments and upper epidermis fragments with palisade cells. As for the stem herbs, there were tissue fragments of sclerenchyma fibers, vessel fragments, parenchymal fragments with clumps of brown secretions. Sclereid fragments were found in the floral herb samples.6%, for determination of water-soluble extract content obtained = 20.06%, ethanol soluble extract content = 2.18%, total ash content = 12.62%, acid insoluble ash content = 6.11%. positive bintaro herbs contain compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and saponins. From the calculation of the LC50 value, it can be concluded that the entanol extract of the Bintaro herb is included in the very toxic category with a value ofLC50 &lt; 30 g/mlthat is9.35g/mL.

Penentuan Kadar Fenol Total Dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Ekstrak Herba Pegagan (Centella asiatica L. Urban) Dan Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa(Scheff.) Boerl.)

Many diseases that were originally caused by free radicals, so that free radicals and antioxidants observed extensively in the world of health. Gotu kola herb and fruit Mahkota Dewa were supposed to have antioxidant activity that can reduce the activity of free radicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the total phenol content and the antioxidant activity of the combination of herbal extracts of Gotu kola (Centella asiatica L. Urban) and Mahkota Dewa fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) Gotu kola herb extracts and Mahkota Dewa fruit extracts obtained by maceration using ethanol 70% with the ratio between crude drug powder and solvent was 1: 5. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl). Total phenol content was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry reagent Folin- Ciocalteau the results expressed in gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE / 100 g extract). The result shows that the combination of the ethanol extract of Centellaasiatica herb and Mahkota Dewa fruit in the ratio of 1: 1 has a total phenol content of 3.67 mg GAE / 100 g of extract and active as an antioxidant with IC50 value of 67.07 mg / mL, and vitamin C as active comparison as an antioxidant with IC50 value of 8.81 mg / mL. This study shows that a combination of herbal extracts between Gotu Kola and MahkotaDewa have potentials as natural antioxidants. Keywords— Gotu Kola herb, Mahkota Dewa fruit, total phenols, Folin-Ciocalteau, DPPH