Abstract
Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae) is traditionally used for gastrointestinal ailments and disorders linked to numerous risk factors including microbial infections. We aimed to provide contemporary evidence for its ethnopharmacological use and determine its antimicrobial capacity and mode of action, cytotoxicity, and phenolic constituents. Ethnopharmacological survey was conducted using semistructured interviews. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm capacities were determined by microdilution/crystal violet assay, respectively. Modes of action tested include estimation of exopolysaccharide production (congo red binding assay) and interference with membrane integrity (crystal violet uptake and nucleotide leakage assay). Cytotoxicity was determined using crystal violet assay. Polyphenolic profiling was done by advanced liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ OrbiTrap MS). Artemisia absinthium in Serbia is traditionally used for gastrointestinal disorders, among others. Further study revealed high antifungal capacity of herb ethanolic extract towards range of Candida species (MIC 0.5–1 mg/mL) along with promising antibacterial activities (MIC 0.25–4 mg/mL). Interference with membrane integrity could be observed as a possible antimicrobial mechanism. Antibiofilm potential can be considered as high (towards C. krusei) to limited (towards P. aeruginosa) and moderate based on reduction in exopolysaccharide content. In concentrations up to 400 µg/mL, no cytotoxicity was observed towards HaCaT and HGF-1 cell lines. Polyphenolic analysis revealed twenty-one different constituents. A. absinthium usage as a gastrointestinal ailment remedy has been confirmed in vitro by its antimicrobial capacity towards microorganisms whose presence is linked to the diseases and associated complications and noncytotoxic nature of the natural product. The observed activities could be attributed to the present phenolic compounds.
Highlights
Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae), wormwood, is perennial shrubby medicinal plant. is plant is used in shampoos, face serums, masks, essences, and other cosmetology products along with abundant utilization in food industry as the main flavoring ingredient in alcoholic beverage absinth [1]. e essential oil obtained from this species is rich in bioactive chemical constituents such as cis-epoxy-o-cimene, chrysanthenol, and chrysanthenyl acetate [2] while herb extracts are rich sources of different biomolecule classes such as flavonoids, coumarins, and fatty acids [1]
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine tonsillectomies seen as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease [8]. e link between oral disease and GI ailments is the ability of bacteria to translocate from oral cavity into the GI tract by hematogenous and enteral routes giving the opportunity for oral microbes to cause a range of GI diseases [9]
Our ethnopharmacological survey conducted among the people living in Serbia is in accordance with previous literature data published on the use of A. absinthium [3, 35]
Summary
Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae), wormwood, is perennial shrubby medicinal plant. is plant is used in shampoos, face serums, masks, essences, and other cosmetology products along with abundant utilization in food industry as the main flavoring ingredient in alcoholic beverage absinth [1]. e essential oil obtained from this species is rich in bioactive chemical constituents such as cis-epoxy-o-cimene, chrysanthenol, and chrysanthenyl acetate [2] while herb extracts are rich sources of different biomolecule classes such as flavonoids, coumarins, and fatty acids [1].Its aerial parts are traditionally used worldwide for digestive discomforts and gastrointestinal (GI) ailments, and due to antimicrobial and diuretic properties [3] with randomized controlled trials confirming its bioactivity in Crohn’s disease [4]. E link between oral disease and GI ailments is the ability of bacteria to translocate from oral cavity into the GI tract by hematogenous and enteral routes giving the opportunity for oral microbes to cause a range of GI diseases [9]. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine tonsillectomies seen as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease [8]. Even pathogens, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, which were until recently referred to mainly as upper respiratory tract colonizers, have emerged as notable GI tractassociated microorganisms [10]. Biofilm forming abilities of pathogenic microorganisms have been linked to the onset of GI diseases such as colorectal cancer [11] and inflammatory bowel disease [12]
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