Detection Of Ethanol Research Articles

Gas sensing performance of Ni-doped CuO/ZnO p–n heterostructures for ethanol detection: high sensitivity, selectivity and stability

Gas sensing performance of Ni-doped CuO/ZnO p–n heterostructures for ethanol detection: high sensitivity, selectivity and stability

Metal-organic framework-derived Au-In2O3 nested hierarchical structures for ethanol detection at room temperature

Metal-organic framework-derived Au-In2O3 nested hierarchical structures for ethanol detection at room temperature

High performance detection of ethanol based on HoFeO3 microsphere gas sensor

The HoFeO3 gas sensitive material was prepared by simple hydrothermal method and high temperature calcination. In this work, XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM characterization methods were used to analyze the HoFeO3 crystal structure and morphology features. The chemical valence state and binding energy of HoFeO3 were analyzed by XPS. The slightly rough surface morphology and low binding energy Ho–O bond can promote the better binding reaction of reducing gas molecules with the material surface, which is beneficial to enhance the gas sensitivity properties of the material. The HoFeO3 gas-sensitive material sensor shows excellent selectivity for ethanol gas, with a response value of 33 and fast response recovery time 12 s/11 s. Tested at a broad range of ethanol gas concentrations, 90% excellent adsorption and desorption rates are achieved. In addition, we have analyzed the sensing mechanism of the HoFeO3 gas sensor.

ZnO Nanosheets Decorated with Ag-Pt Nanoparticles for Selective Detection of Ethanol

ZnO Nanosheets Decorated with Ag-Pt Nanoparticles for Selective Detection of Ethanol

Evolution of In2O3 morphology from belt to fibrous-like structure for ethanol detection at low working temperature induced by Cr-addition

Herein, a high-performance ethanol functional nanosensor based on Cr-doped In2O3 nanofibers was produced via a one-step electrospinning method followed by annealing at 700 ℃. The combination of several systematic techniques showed that incorporation of Cr-dopant ions into In2O3 host lattice can effectively improve ethanol sensing capabilities of In2O3 nanofibers by reducing the operating temperature from 100 to 80 ℃, inducing additional oxygen vacancies, and increasing the content of chemisorbed oxygen ions at various Cr-doping levels. A comparison of the gas sensing performance findings of sensors based on the pure and Cr-doped In2O3 nanofibers at different doping levels of 0.5, 1, 1.5 mol% revealed that all Cr-doped sensors presented a high response and selectivity towards 50 ppm ethanol at 80 ℃ with a 1 mol% Cr-doped In2O3 sensor displaying the highest response of 12 which is 10 times higher than that of the pure In2O3 sensor. Furthermore, the response/recovery times of the 1 mol% Cr-doped In2O3 towards 50 ppm ethanol were 41/43 s while the minimum detection limit value was 2.19 ppm. With such rapid response kinetics, low detection limit, moisture resistant, Cr-doped sensors can be a promising active sensing layer for monitoring ethanol in real food environments.

Dual-substrate, dual-mode and self-powered visual biosensor based on biofuel cell

While lots of diseases and foods are related to two substrates, self-powered dual-substrate detection remains a great challenge. Here, we propose a portable self-powered visual biosensor based on a dual-substrate enzyme biofuel cell (EBFC) for glucose and ethanol detection. The integration of electrochemical and visual sensing can not only realize dual-substrate analysis but also implement dual-mode detection. The employed dual-substrate EBFC is composed of an alcohol dehydrogenase-based bioanode and a glucose oxidase/Prussian blue (PB) coupled biocathode. Since the proper redox potential and outstanding electrochromic property, PB serves as both the display screen for visual analysis and the biocathode for power generation. The constructed self-powered visual biosensor has wide detection range and low detection limit toward glucose and ethanol biosensing. Notably, the PB display screen could be recovered by the biosensor itself, making the biosensor reusable, integrating and miniaturization. For real sample analysis, glucose in serum and ethanol in wine can be successfully detected by visual inspection. In the meantime, the self-powered visual biosensor can distinguish different actual samples containing both glucose and ethanol. These further broaden the application range of self-powered biosensor and provide new insight for multiple substrates detection.

Nanostructural evolution of hydrothermally grown SrTiO3 perovskite and its implementation in gaseous phase detection of ethanol

A group of SrTiO3 nanostructures with unique nano-architecture have been synthesized in the current study. Sol–gel derived TiO2 nanoparticles along with Sr(OH)2 solution was processed with facial hydrothermal reaction at 180 °C and highly stable and distinct morphologies of SrTiO3 were developed after different reaction time. Nanobush, nanograss, nanorod and nanosphere morphologies were created after 10, 14, 18 and 24 h of hydrothermal reaction. SrTiO3 nanosphere was transformed into nano-hollow sphere morphology after thermal annealing at 600 °C. Detailed morphological, structural and chemical characterizations were carried out for all the distinct nanoforms of SrTiO3 where they exhibited high crystallinity, and chemical stability along with excellent surface properties like high porosity, roughness, and large effective surface area. Due to having rich surface properties, all the SrTiO3 morphologies were then implemented for gaseous phase detection of multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, all the SrTiO3 nanoforms showed ethanol selective behavior among all the VOCs. Nanograss and nano-hollow spheres exhibited excellent ethanol sensing with 69 and 78 response values (R v/R a) in 50 ppm ethanol at 150 °C with appreciably fast response/recovery times of 36 s/34 s and 150 s/ 58 s, respectively. Additionally, all the SrTiO3 nanostructures exhibited anti-humidity characteristics and potential sensing in humid ambient (up to 80% RH). Later, the ethanol selective behavior of SrTiO3 was established by density functional theory simulations which envisaged the highest negative adsorption energy and smallest distance (r) for ethanol molecule, implying stable adsorption with SrTiO3 (110) system.

Fabricated Chemiresistive Sensor for Detection of Ethanol Using NDICY-ZnO Nanohybrid

The high concentration of ethanol vapors can be a biomarker for fatty liver diseases and severely damage the nervous system. Naphthalene diimide (NDI) has been regarded as n-type semiconductor. NDI possesses high electron affinity, thermal stability and electron mobility, which make NDI as a promising material for electronic devices. Therefore, a dipeptide (C = 6-aminocaproic acid, Y = L-tyrosine) functionalized naphthalene diimide based zinc oxide (NDICY-ZnO) nanohybrid has been synthesized <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">via</i> facile single-pot hydrothermal method. The NDICY-ZnO based sensor exhibits a response of 66.4% with response/recovery time of 450/500 sec, respectively upon the exposure of 500 ppm ethanol at 27 °C. It also shows remarkable selectivity to the ethanol vapors compare to other interfering gases and volatile organic compound for instance methanol, benzene, aniline, NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S, CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , acetone and formaldehyde. Moreover, NDICY-ZnO nanohybrid sensor performance is also analyzed under varying relative humidity (RH) conditions which highlights the positive effect on ethanol sensing response. The responses at 46%, 75% and 97% RH are recorded as 66.4%, 75.4% and 83.6%, respectively. In addition, NDICY-ZnO fabricated device shows excellent stability, less air sensitivity and reusability for 90 days. These impressive findings facilitate the low-cost and highly selective detection of ethanol under ambient condition.

Separated detection of ethanol and acetone based on SnO2-ZnO gas sensor with improved humidity tolerance

Developing separated detection of ethanol and acetone for semiconductor oxides based gas sensors with relative stable gas response under different humidity is of great significance to practical application. Herein, a unique mesoporous SnO2-ZnO hierarchical structure has been prepared by a facile one-step hydrothermal method. Several characterizations for SnO2-ZnO samples have been carried out and the gas sensing properties of all gas sensors have been systematically investigated and analyzed. The results indicate that the optimal working temperature for ethanol detection will decrease from 275°C to 250°C, while the optimal working temperature for acetone detection will maintain at same temperature of 300°C with Sn2+ doping ratio increasing. For ethanol detection, 10 at% SnO2 modified ZnO gas sensor has the highest gas response, and the humidity tolerance has been obviously improved compared with those of lower Sn element doping ratios (1 at% and 5 at%) at 250°C. Moreover, the detection limit for ethanol and acetone can reach as low as 200 ppb with high SnO2 contents (10 at% and 15 at%). The improved gas sensing performance could be mainly attributed to the unique morphology of sensing material and the synergistic effect of SnO2 and ZnO.

Graphene/Au/MIP-Coated D-Shaped Optical Fiber–Based SPR Sensor for Ethanol Detection

Graphene/Au/MIP-Coated D-Shaped Optical Fiber–Based SPR Sensor for Ethanol Detection

MOFs-derived In2O3/ZnO/Ti3C2TX MXene ternary nanocomposites for ethanol gas sensing at room temperature

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived metal oxides usually have porous nanostructures and have broad applications in gas-sensing. MXene, as transition metal carbide, has received extensive attention due to its unique properties. In this article, the MOFs-derived In2O3/ZnO hollow nanotubes were successfully combined with Ti3C2TX MXene to realize the detection of ethanol under room temperature (RT). The morphology and composition of MOFs-derived In2O3/ZnO/Ti3C2TX MXene were determined by characterization strategies. The sensing performance measurement results show that the response of the sensor to 10 ppm ethanol gas at 25 ºC and 30 %RH is 2.15, and the response-recovery time is 85/112 s. In addition, the gas selectivity of In2O3/ZnO/Ti3C2TX MXene was analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Therefore, this study is expected to present a new strategy for sensors to detect ethanol gas at RT.

Enhanced H2S Gas Sensing Properties of the Hierarchical CuO Hollow Microspheres

In present work, the hierarchical CuO hollow microspheres were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the hierarchical CuO hollow microspheres with uniform size of 3 μm are self-assembled by hundreds of primary nanorods with diameters of about 20 nm. The wall thickness of the hollow microspheres is about 200 nm. The hierarchical CuO hollow microspheres exhibit good sensing performance in H2S detection. The optimal operating temperature is 180 °C. And, in a large range, the hierarchical CuO hollow microspheres display excellent linear sensing performance in ethanol detection. The detecting limit is lower to 1 ppm. Furthermore, the hierarchical CuO hollow microspheres demonstrate excellent selectivity in H2S detection. The sensing mechanism also has been discussed. It can be expected that the novel morphology of the hierarchical CuO hollow microspheres may bring amazing development for H2S detection.

Toward On-Chip Multisensor Arrays for Selective Methanol and Ethanol Detection at Room Temperature: Capitalizing the Graphene Carbonylation.

The artificial olfaction units (or e-noses) capable of room-temperature operation are highly demanded to meet the requests of society in numerous vital applications and developing Internet-of-Things. Derivatized 2D crystals are considered as sensing elements of choice in this regard, unlocking the potential of the advanced e-nose technologies limited by the current semiconductor technologies. Herein, we consider fabrication and gas-sensing properties of On-chip multisensor arrays based on a hole-matrixed carbonylated (C-ny) graphene film with a gradually changed thickness and concentration of ketone groups of up to 12.5 at.%. The enhanced chemiresistive response of C-ny graphene toward methanol and ethanol, of hundred ppm concentration when mixing with air to match permissible exposure OSHA limits, at room-temperature operation is signified. Following thorough characterization via core-level techniques and density functional theory, the predominant role of the C-ny graphene-perforated structure and abundance of ketone groups in advancing the chemiresistive effect is established. Advancing practice applications, selective discrimination of the studied alcohols is approached by linear discriminant analysis employing a multisensor array's vector signal, and the fabricated chip's long-term performance is shown.

Infrared Evanescent Wave Sensing Based on a Ge10As30Se40Te20 Fiber for Alcohol Detection

Infrared evanescent wave sensing based on chalcogenide fiber is an emerging technology for qualitative and quantitative analysis of most organic compounds. Here, a tapered fiber sensor made from Ge10As30Se40Te20 glass fiber was reported. The fundamental modes and intensity of evanescent waves in fibers with different diameters were simulated with COMSOL. The 30 mm length tapered fiber sensors with different waist diameters, 110, 63, and 31 μm, were fabricated for ethanol detection. The sensor with a waist diameter of 31 μm has the highest sensitivity of 0.73 a.u./% and a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.195 vol.% for ethanol. Finally, this sensor has been used to analyze alcohols, including Chinese baijiu (Chinese distilled spirits), red wine, Shaoxing wine (Chinese rice wine), Rio cocktail, and Tsingtao beer. It is shown that the ethanol concentration is consistent with the nominal alcoholicity. Moreover, other components such as CO2 and maltose can be detected in Tsingtao beer, demonstrating the feasibility of its application in detecting food additives.

SnO2 quantum dots modified MoS2 nanoflowers for enhanced ethanol sensing performance

MoS2 nanoflowers assembled from two-dimensional nanosheets modified with SnO2 quantum dots were prepared by hydrothermal method and used for ethanol detection. SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS were used to analyze the morphology, structure, and composition of the composites. The gas sensing test results showed that SnO2 QD modified MoS2 had a higher response to ethanol, better selectivity, and lower operating temperature than SnO2 QD. In addition, the problems of insensitivity to gases, long response time, and unrecoverable response observed in MoS2 sensors were also improved. The enhanced ethanol sensing performance of SnO2 QD modified MoS2 were ascribed to the large specific area of MoS2 nanoflowers and plentiful dangling bonds of SnO2 QD. The formation of heterojunction between SnO2 and MoS2 nanograins also contributed to the enhancement of gas sensitivity. The modification of MoS2 with metal oxide quantum dots provides an experimental reference for the development of high-performance MoS2 based gas sensors.

Lychee-like SnO2 hollow microspheres sensitized by carbon quantum dots for high-sensitivity ethanol sensor

In this work, the application of carbon quantum dots as known as CQDs for ethanol detection is pioneered, and a multi-fold improvement in gas sensor performance is achieved through the unique electron transport mechanism of carbon quantum dots. The lychee-like SnO2 hollow microspheres and CQDs are prepared by a solvent heat method. The composites are assembled by rapid grinding, ultrasonication, and stirring. The minimum detection limit is 500 ppb. The response/recovery time of the best mass percentage composite is 9 s/16 s to ethanol at 100 ppm with an optimum working temperature of 216℃ in the target gas-sensitive test. Such a fast response speed improvement is ascribed to the excellent electron transfer efficiency of the 5 nm diameter carbon quantum dots (CQDs).

Detection of ethanol, acetone, and propanal in TMC-1 New O-bearing complex organics in cold sources

We present the detection of ethanol (C2H5OH), acetone (CH3COCH3), and propanal (C2H5CHO) toward the cyanopolyyne peak of TMC-1. These three O-bearing complex organic molecules are known to be present in warm interstellar clouds but had never been observed in a starless core. The addition of these three new pieces to the puzzle of complex organic molecules in cold interstellar clouds highlights the rich chemical diversity of cold dense cores in stages prior to the onset of star formation. The detections of ethanol, acetone, and propanal were made in the framework of QUIJOTE, a deep line survey of TMC-1 in theQband that is being carried out with the Yebes 40m telescope. We derive column densities of (1.1 ± 0.3) × 1012cm−2for C2H5OH, (1.4 ± 0.6) × 1011cm−2for CH3COCH3, and (1.9 ± 0.7) × 1011cm−2for C2H5CHO. We investigated the formation of these three O-bearing complex organic molecules with the aid of a detailed chemical model that includes gas and ice chemistry. The calculated abundances at a time around 2 × 105yr are in reasonable agreement with the values derived from the observations. The formation mechanisms of these molecules in our chemical model are as follows. Ethanol is formed on grains via the addition of atomic carbon on methanol followed by hydrogenation and nonthermal desorption. Acetone and propanal are produced by the gas-phase reaction between atomic oxygen and two different isomers of the C3H7radical, which itself forms from the hydrogenation of C3on grains followed by nonthermal desorption. A gas-phase route involving the formation of (CH3)2COH+through several ion-neutral reactions followed by its dissociative recombination with electrons also contributes to the formation of acetone.

The synergistic effect of Ce dopant/Cotton bio-template on the performance of the SnO2 gas sensor for the detection of Ethanol

Biomorphic Ce-doped SnO2 microtubules were fabricated and the sensing performances toward ethanol detection were studied. In this study, absorbent cotton is used as an eco-friendly and cost-efficient bio-template and Ce was used as a dopant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) employed to investigate the chemical composition and microstructure of the synthesized materials. The sensitivity and response/recovery time of the fabricated sensors have been improved by incorporation of the heterostructures by facilitating catalytic activity and oxygen vacancy defects due to the redox reaction of Ce3+/Ce4+ and bio-template effect. The 2%Ce-doped SnO2 on cotton bio-template showed enhanced response compared to pristine-SnO2 and Ce-doped SnO2 at 220 °C for ethanol detection. Results indicate that the response and recovery time of the structural modified SnO2 are reduced from 48 s/70 s to 16 s/40 s. The gas sensing properties of fabricated sensors were tested against four different VOCs including ethanol, acetone, methanol, and formaldehyde.

Controllable Transformation of 2D Perovskite for Multifunctional Sensing Properties

There is growing demand for convenient and cost-efficient ethanol sensing techniques in daily life and industry. However, the complexity, high cost, and large volume of the equipment hinder the widespread use of conventional ethanol sensing techniques. Here, we introduce a test paperlike visualized label-free ethanol sensing platform by taking advantage of the instability of 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite in ethanol. The photoluminescence of PEA2Csn–1PbnBr3n+1 2D perovskite changes from deep blue to green distinctly when exposed to ethanol. A cheap demo ethanol test paper is fabricated by this 2D perovskite and paper using a simple method, demonstrating interesting rapid and convenient ethanol sensing performance. Crystal analysis, constituent analysis, spectral analysis, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation reveal the crystal structure transformation from 2D to 3D induced by the migration of PEA+ cations in the original 2D perovskite when exposed to ethanol. In addition, a chemiresistive sensor based on the 2D perovskite and on the 2D–3D phase transformation is developed and demonstrates a high ethanol detection sensitivity with a limit down to 0.7 ppm. The photodetector fabricated by the 2D perovskite also demonstrates tunable sensitivity upon the controllable 2D–3D transformation. This remarkable colorimetric, chemiresistive, and photosensitive perovskite is expected to highlight its future application and be a supplement to the existing ethanol sensing and photodetector techniques.

Insights on the host precursor role play in the chemiresistive gas sensing properties of nebulizer spray-coated CuO films

Copper oxide (CuO) gas sensors have been designed via nebulizer spray pyrolysis onto the glass substrate using different cationic precursors. XRD analysis confirmed that the prepared CuO films with monoclinic structure and the porous morphology was observed for copper acetate precursor solution from SEM analysis. EDAX and XPS analysis revealed a near stoichiometric ratio of copper and oxygen in the films. The temperature-dependent resistivity measurements were measured using the four-probe technique. The optical band gap was calculated from 1.5 eV to 1.9 eV and the photoluminescence emission peak was recorded at 628 nm. From the TRPL analysis, the A: CuO film attained a maximum average lifetime (τavg) of 0.495 ns. The porous structure of the A: CuO sensor operating at room temperature exhibits high sensitivity, fast response and recovery speed for acetone, ethanol and toluene gas detection (16 s/47 s, 9 s/12 s and 6 s/38 s).