ETABS Software Research Articles

Analysis of the Effect of Shear Walls on Building Structural Deviations in High-rise Buildings Monde City Tower M2 Batam City

High-rise buildings are structures that are prone to lateral loads. Every high-rise building design requires a strong structure to withstand lateral loads due to earthquake and wind loads. The use of Shear Walls can reduce the displacement that occurs due to lateral loads received because of earthquake loads and wind loads. This study aims to analyze the effect of Shear Walls on the Monde City Tower M2 Apartment building in Batam City. The method used in this study is a numerical analysis in the form of modeling a 15-story apartment building located in Batam City. The building is modeled into 2 types, namely (V1) a structure without using Shear Walls and (V2) a structure using Shear Walls according to the structural drawings. The earthquake analysis was carried out using the response spectrum method with the software ETABS v 18.1.0 for the structural analysis calculations. The results of the analysis obtained in the form of the deviation value from a structure that uses shear wall have decreased the deviation in the X direction by 12.5476 % and a decrease in the deviation in the Y direction by 68.1254 %. P-Delta in a structure that uses a shear wall is much better in structural stability than a structure that only uses a frame system.

Appraisement of the P-Delta Effects in Multi-Storey Reinforced Concrete Buildings Influenced by Seismic Load

Population increment encourages engineers to build high-rise structures. However, in high-rise structures lateral load has a more severe impact on the structure than axial loads and this effect is known as the P-Delta effect. The current study aims to evaluate P-Delta effects in a high-rise structure located in Kabul city and to pinpoint the minimum height required for considering P-Delta effects in structural analysis. The analysis is carried out utilizing the response spectrum method performed by ETABS software for a total of five models with a different number of storey and lateral load-resisting systems. It is observed that with the increase in lateral stiffness, P-Delta effects can be minimized to a certain extent. Lateral displacement, storey drift, and stability coefficient are some of the other parameters considered for comparison purposes which are significantly mitigated while a shear wall is provided. Also, an adequate and proper positioning of shear walls has resulted in an appropriate solution for minimizing the P-Delta effects. Keywords: P-Delta effect, Lateral displacement, Lateral stiffness, Stability coefficient.

Seismic Analysis of Flat Slab Buildings on Hilly Ground

In India, hilly region especially northern part is more seismically active region. Flat Slab systems are widely popular in multi-storey buildings. Flat slab building has more advantages than a regular building like fast construction, free design space, reduced floor to floor height and economical. Flat slab buildings are also being built in high seismicity region. Buildings on hilly ground are vulnerable due to their vertical and horizontal irregularity and they undergo high shear and torsion during the earthquake. Further due to short column and soft storey on uphill side has higher lateral forces that are cause to failure of buildings. In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess the seismic behavior of flat slab resting on hilly slope with soft storey and set back configuration. The methodologies have been adopted are linear dynamic analysis i.e. response spectrum analysis. Building is analyzed and designed by Etabs software. Maximum displacement, maximum inter-storey drift and storey shear are determined as response quantities. It is observed from the study that for flat slab buildings on hill slopes the storey shear is very high in the bottom columns at higher ground level, therefore extra care should be taken to design these columns for earthquake load.

Comparative Study on Seismic Performance of Existing Building with and without Retrofitting Using Lateral Load Resisting Systems

Due to the lack of awareness and practice of implementing earthquake resistant structures in the past, a huge number of buildings today do not comply with the existing/updated seismic codes in India. This issue is predominant in existing residential buildings which involves a high probability of loss of lives. The increase in population and clustered city areas make code non-compliance dangerous and risky especially in the Northern and North Eastern regions which come under seismic zones IV and V. Retrofitting strategies are thus an important aspect of building and life safety. This study involved the seismic performance of an adapted existing residential building taken in the North-East region. The seismic response analysis of the RC building was studied in terms of peak responses (deflection). The performance of the building was based on response spectrum and time history analysis. The main objective of this study is to provide a comparison between the most commonly used retrofit strategies – shear wall, bracings and viscous dampers. The responses of the building with the mentioned strategies and their varied configurations were modelled and analysed through ETABS software. This study outlined the feasibility of each retrofit strategy based on the optimum configuration for deflection control and basic cost estimate.

Study on Gust Factor Method for Multi-purpose Cyclone Shelter

Cyclone is one of the major threat hovering over Indian coastal regions and need for safe shelter is now utmost to save the endangered population from the hazardous outcomes. Also, to save the structure from deterioration a multi-purpose cyclone shelter will be most affordable during emergency and nonemergency period. Present Indian Codal provisions underlines that the flexible structures ought to be designed by peak wind approach in addition to mean wind approach related to gust factor method and severe of the two is to be designed as design load. Use of gust factor method for high-rise structures is common but for low-rise important structures there are a few researches available. In this study two G + 1 and G + 2 storey models are considered and analyzed using IS 456:200, IS 1893: 2016 and IS 875: 2015 with gust factor method. Guidelines from Indian government for cyclone shelters and school buildings are followed and loadings from Indian Standards code are considered. This study aims to provide information on behavior of low-rise structure of a school building by changing height of the structures. For that MS-Excel spreadsheet was prepared for gust factor method and 80 models were prepared using ETABS software by changing height of column members, adding a new floor above existing structure, changing seismic zones and increasing basic wind speed. Various parameters such as storey force, base shear and maximum top displacement are scrutinized for above mentioned cases for four structures of different heights.

Progressive Collapse Analysis of T shape RCC Building

Structure collapse, on the other hand, is a very complicated phenomenon involving considerable nonlinearity and a variety of mechanical interactions. It should be thoroughly examined through experiments and numerical simulations to prevent the occurrence from occurring. When initial local failure of a small portion of the structure takes place it leads to the spread of that local damage to neighbor elements in the chain reaction manner. Finally, collapse takes place. This is known as Progressive collapse. This progressive collapse takes place when vertical load carrying members such as columns failed due to manmade or natural accidental loads. Therefore in this study progressive collapse analysis of a building is carried by removing columns. In the analysis different column removal cases are considered. As per GSA guidelines, Demand Capacity ratio(DCR) of beams are calculated. From this DCR value Evaluate the stability of the structure against progressive collapse. In the present study “T”shape building is considered which consists of 11 storey with bay sizes as 4 meter in the X and Y direction, height of every storey is 3 meters and height from the plinth to the floor is assumed 3.5 meters. The measurements of the beams are fixed throughout the storey, but column dimensions decrease as the floor rises, therefore the structure is considered to have geometrical irregularity. The loading is calculated in accordance with G.S.A guidelines. The design was created using the ETABS software and the I.S 456-2000 code. Different parameters such as Demand-capacity ratio, Dynamic factor, Interaction ratio, Axial Force, Bending moment are discussed.

Seismic and collapse performance of a hybrid structure comprising steel frame with precast concrete shear walls and cladding panels

AbstractA hybrid structure constructed by replacing external steel beams and columns in the steel frame (SF) to precast concrete shear walls with insulation (PCSWs) and precast concrete cladding panels (PCCPs, SFPCSW) is proposed in this paper to avoid the problem of columns protruding from walls and PCCPs directly connected with SF. Numerical models of the SF and SFPCSW structures are established in ETABS software based on an 18‐story assembled steel residential building to investigate the seismic performance and collapse resistance capacity of SFPCSW. Time history analysis results show that the SFPCSW exhibits bending‐shearing lateral deformation and has more uniform interstory drift ratios than the SF. Under major earthquakes (i.e., probability of exceedance of 2% in 50 years), the damage of SF is concentrated in stories 1–6; for SFPCSW, the plastic hinges mainly appear in the concrete beams between PCSWs at each story, and the damage in PCSWs and the internal frame is small. Using pinned connections between the steel beam and PCSW reduces the structural lateral stiffness and increases the earthquake load carried by the internal frame. The incremental dynamic analysis results show that the SF and SFPCSW have similar collapse resistance capacities.

Wind Analysis of RCC Tube in Tube Structure

Abstract: Modern tall buildings have efficient structural systems, and utilize high-strength materials, resulting in reduced building height, and thus, become slenderer and more flexible with low damping. These flexible buildings are very sensitive to wind excitation and earthquake load causing discomfort to the building occupants. Therefore, in order to mitigate such an excitation and to improve the performance of tall buildings against wind loads and earthquake loads, the tube in tube structures and tube frame structures are the innovative and fresh concept in the tubular structures. Generally, tube in tube structures is formed by connecting peripheral frame tube and inner core tube so closely, it is not seen as a solid system but it acts like a solid surface. The total loads acting on the structures to be collectively shared between the inner and outer tubes. The tubed frames Structure are new concept for tall building. In tubed mega frames instead of one central tube several vertical tubes are carrying the lateral loads. a comparative study of tube in tube structures and tubed mega frame system with different building geometry has been done using ETABS software.

Seismic Performance Evaluation of a Multi Storey RC Structure Subjected to Strong Ground Motions

Abstract: A tremor or a movement of the ground occurs during an earthquake on Earth's surface. Earthquakes can also cause landslides and volcanic eruptions. Natural disasters or human activity can produce earthquakes, which are defined as seismic events generating seismic waves. Earthquakes most commonly occur when geological faults rupture, however they can also occur as a result of volcanic eruptions, landslides, mine explosions, and nuclear testing. The study of structural behavior towards different ground motions is therefore one of the main criteria to determine damage intensity. Structural Analysis of a residential building is carried out by using ETabs Software. Present study is intended to study the dynamic behavior of Multistorey Reinforced Concrete structure by considering, an existing G+13 storey residential building is modeled and its structural behaviour is studied using Time history method by considering different high intensity earthquakes. The behaviour of the building is studied mainly for its base shear, Storey displacement and maximum joint displacement.

A Comparative Study on the Performance of RCC Structure with Composite Structure Subjected to Earthquake Load

Abstract: High-rise structures are becoming quite common everywhere because of the increasing population and less land area. Generally, High-rise buildings are constructed of RCC, but in RCC buildings due to the bulky size of components of the structure self-weight will be more due to the heavy density of the material. After observing such difficulties, we have come up with the idea of a Steel-Concrete Composite Structure. The composite structure consists of composite columns, beams, and a deck slab which is connected with shear connectors. In this project, the comparative study of f performance of RCC and Composite structure shall be done. The composite structure consists of structural steel and concrete which may provide more ductility and flexibility to the structureand hence it may perform well during an earthquake. The modeling and analysis of the structure shall be done using ETAB software and the parameters like base shear,story drift, displacement, stiffness, strength, period,etc. shall be compared

Analysis of infilled steel frames subjected to lateral loading

In Recent days Earthquake resistant design of structure has earned a lot of scope as Earthquake has become more common. Lateral loading behaviour and energy absorption capacity of monolithic Steel framed structures is significantly affected by Presence of infill which adds to the bracing of the structure, Researchers developed new methods of seismic analysis to analyse the behaviour of structure during occurrence of an Earthquake. Performance based seismic design gives methodology for accessing the performance of structure occupancy, life safety or Collapse prevention level. A non-linear static pushover analysis can be used to analyse the inelastic response of structure to lateral load or displacement. In the present research a 3D model of G + 8 story steel framed building is considered for seismic design and performance evaluation. The model was analysed using ETABS software by response spectrum method for zone V according to IS 1893–2016. The performance is accessed by Capacity Spectrum Method using non-linear pushover analysis. The result of all models are analysed and compared in terms of base shear, story displacement, pushover curve, spectrum curve, performance point of the structure. Overall performance of the structure is found in safer limits.

Comparative Study of Tube in Tube System and Bundled Tube System for High Rise Building

In India, reinforced concrete frames are the most popular kind of construction. High-rise buildings have grown extremely popular in India as a result of the country rapid urbanization, which has led to an increase in land prices and the need for agricultural land. High-rise buildings must support loads other than only gravity, Lateral forces as well, since many significant Indian cities are located in seismically active areas, buildings must be strengthened. It is crucial for lateral forces. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficient, cost-effective, and safe structure between the Bundled tube system and the Tube in Tube system, The Tube in Tube and Bundled Tube ETABS versions, For analysis, the G+30 stories. These multiple-story structures can be converted into tall buildings that use less space but have more floor space land area. Tubular buildings have become more prevalent in recent years, becoming a typical component of towering buildings. structural tubes are especially appropriate for all tall constructions. In the planning of in towering buildings, lateral loads are a major factor. Wind and earthquake loads are examples of loads. seismological analysis is utilizing the equivalent static approach. The simulation Etabs software is used for analysis. Bare frame, Tube in Tube and Bundle tube Structure is Modelled structures are used. Compared and interpreted for three different models.

A Study on Seismic Performance of Open Ground Storey RCC Frames Analyzed by Response Spectrum Method

Abstract: In the present study, seismic performance of Open Ground Storey (OGS) RCC frames is investigated using ETABS software. Bare frame, OGS frames and frames with RCC walls at ground storey are considered and infill walls are modelled as equivalent diagonal strut as per IS 1893–Part 1 (2016) codal provisions and equation given by Paulay and Priestley (1992). Seismic parameters viz. storey displacement, drift ratio, stiffness, shear and overturning moments for the developed RCC models are obtained by response spectrum analysis as per IS 1893–Part 1 (2016) in seismic zone III.

Structural Behavior of steel frame Infilled with Ferrocement Precast Panel S ubjected to Lateral Load

Background: When a severe earthquake ground motion hits the structure even if it doesn’t collapse it may undergoes inelastic deformations. Steel structure infilled with precast panels becomes less efficient when subjected to large lateral loads like strong wind and earthquake. Hence assessment of actual performance of steel frames provided with infills in the event of earthquake is essential. Methods: In the current study, a prototype model of steel frame size 4m x4m bay & 4m height with G+2 story is scaled down and subjected to lateral seismic load by conducting shake table test to assess modal frequencies, the same structure is modelled in Hypermesh and analyzed in Nastran, ETABS software. The results obtained are validated for a 16X16m bay of 4m height commercial complex of G+9 Multi-storeyed structure infilled with Ferrocement Precast panels analysed in ETABS software for base shear, response spectrum and pushover analysis to assess the performance of the structure. Findings: The frequency from modal analysis was found to be 45.21 Hz, for G+2 storied model in ETABS, values obtained for frequency, base shear, performance point of the structure are in appreciable. Novelty: As per the traditional earthquake design methods, structures are designed for less forces than maximum considered for earthquake. The overall performance of the structure is found to be safe even infilled with Ferrocement precast panels. Advantages: Ferrocement panels as infills has benefit as they are slender from structural point of view. Compared with steel bare frame dynamic behavior of bare steel frame which is infilled with Ferrocement precast panel subjected to lateral loads is high that helps in assessing the damage in the event of an earthquake in critical zone V. Keywords: Infill; Ferrocement precast panels; Pushover Analysis; Performance point; Response spectrum

Comparison of Seismic Analysis of Multi storey Buildings with RCC columns and CFST columns by Varying Heights

As there is an increase in population day by day, there is more requirement for land. But the availability of land on Earth’s surface is 29 % which should be used for various purposes and hence, there would be difficulty in providing accommodation to all the citizens. There comes the idea of vertical development of the structures i.e., multi-story structures. Usage of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) for high rise structures with large spans would be very complex as it requires high grade concrete and steel and hence becomes risky. In that case, the composite structures give effective results due to the co-action of materials. Providing Concrete Filled Steel Tube (CFST) columns will reduce the requirement of formwork and will increase the functional area as the steel tube acts both as longitudinal as well as transverse reinforcement which gives mere resistance to tensile stresses. In this thesis, Multi Storied Structures of G+10, G + 20 and G + 30 were taken and variation was considered in the columns, the rest of the structural elements have been taken of RCC only. The seismic analysis of the structures has been carried out for both the type of structures for each height by using Response Spectrum analysis in Zone II following the guidelines of IS 1893:2016 code using ETABS software. The comparison of the structures has been shown in terms of earthquake response parameters such as story drift, story displacement, story shear etc. It has been concluded that structures with CFST columns have shown better seismic performance with increasing height compared to RCC structures.

Seismic Analysis of Diagrid Structure on Sloping Ground

Lateral efficiency of a building is very important in high-rise buildings, when it comes to building them on sloping ground it is highly required to design the structure for wind load and earthquake loads. The diagrid structure thus provides very high lateral stability and reduces the lateral displacement of the building. In recent years the diagrid structure has attracted many researchers and scholars due to this greater structural efficiency. Diagrid structural system has evolved to be structurally the most efficient, aesthetically pleasant and highly economical. The present paper involves the study of diagrid structure on sloping ground and comparing it with the conventional system and finding the optimum angle of diagrid on different slopes of ground. A 12- storey building is used for comparing diagrid structure and conventional structure on sloping ground, a 48 storey building is used to find out the optimum angle of diagrid on sloping ground, ETABS software Is used for modelling and analysis, response spectrum method is used for analysis, the results show that diagrid structure is more efficient than conventional structure on sloping ground, and the optimum angle of diagrid lies between 60-75° on sloping ground.

Comparative Study of Waffle Slab with Bracing System and Conventional Slabs without Bracing System

Abstract: The analysis and design of structures are influenced by earthquake ground motion. The objective of this work is to analyse a commercial building with two different slab configurations, including conventional slabs, grid/waffle slabs and structures with bracings. The bracing system allows load to be transmitted from the frame to the braces, increasing the structure's capacity to withstand lateral loads. Time history analysis is performed in order to study the impact of seismic loads on structures with two different slab layouts using ETABS software. Storey drift, stiffness, joint displacement and storey displacement are among the parameters that have an influence on a structure's performance and are vital in determining how building will respond under seismic loads and other load combinations. IS 456-2000 code is taken into consideration for designing purpose. Live loads are taken in accordance to IS 875-part 1 and earthquake analysis is performed according to IS 1893-2016 Part 1. Results are depicted in the form of graphs and tables in the research paper. The outcome demonstrates that waffle slab with bracing system in terms of displacement and drift shows better performance, in contrast to alternative slab arrangements utilized in the seismic evaluation of the buildings.

Comparative Study on Seismic Behavior of High–Rise Steel Building with and Without Friction Damper and Fluid Viscous Damper: A Review

Abstract: Seismic forces are induced on the structure present in earthquake prone areas. These are induced due to the movement of tectonic plates. Multi-storey buildings are those that have more than two stories, hence undergo large amount of deflection due to their slender structure. Due to the deflection caused by the ground accelerations during earthquakes, the structure is unstable and the structure undergoes damage which is not safe. Passive energy dissipation devices are gaining significance in design of earthquake resistant structures because of their effective performance in controlling seismic effects on structures during earthquake. Friction dampers and fluid viscous damper are passive energy dissipating devices which are used widely as seismic control devices. The present study was conducted analytically on a 15-storey steel frame with regular and irregular configuration and performance of structure against non-linear time history ground movement with and without friction damper and fluid viscous damper. Time history ground acceleration data of Bhuj earthquake (2001) were applied on the structure and the response of friction damper and fluid viscous damper was analyzed and compared. The analysis of the structure for the non-linear dynamic ground acceleration was conducted using ETABS software. The results show that when a friction damper is used instead of a fluid viscus damper, storey displacement is greatly reduced by 25.52%. whereas results shows that storey shear, storey drift, and storey acceleration are greatly reduced by 27.75%, 30.39% and 15.27%, when fluid viscous damper is used instead of a friction damper.

Performance of RC Building with Different base Isolators

Abstract: The paper evaluates the application of base isolation methods based on the location of site. Building various sorts of structures while assuring their safety, serviceability, and durability is the focus of civil engineering. Seismic activity has severe impact on the structures' serviceability and safety. The type of building, the type of soil, the technology utilized for seismic resistant, and the location of the building, all the effects how much damage an earthquake may cause to structures. Because an earthquake alters the motion of the ground, which causes foundation failure, the effects of an earthquake are primarily dependent on the type of soil used for building foundations. Therefore, it is crucial to study how different types of soil behave during occurrence of earthquakes. A base isolation technique is one of the methods utilized in construction that can resist earthquakes. It enhances a building's structural performance when it is subjected to lateral stresses. This paper studies the effect of an earthquake response of isolated buildings and provides analysis of the base isolation on the structure's nature as well as a discussion of various isolator types. It compares the performance of two types of isolators: Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) and Friction Pendulum Bearing (FPB). G+12 R.C structure is taken in this study & Time History analysis is performed with ETABS software. Time Period and Story Stiffness are compared for the building with the base isolator against the building with the fixed base. In comparison with a fixed base building, parameters are changed in each direction due to the presence of an isolator. The analysis examines the characteristics and the effects of base isolation on structures with the Bhuj earthquake.

Seismic Performance of Multi Story Building with Different Base Isolators

Abstract: Earthquakes are one of nature's most dangerous hazards; throughout history, they have resulted in substantial loss of life and serious property damage, particularly to man-made structures. Seismic activity of large magnitude is a major source of risk for all types of constructions. We apply unique methodologies based on performance-based seismic design to protect structures from earthquakes. One way for reducing the influence of large-scale vibration created during an earthquake is the base isolation method. Seismic isolation can be used to give an efficient solution for a variety of seismic design difficulties according to well-established practices that have been examined by several researchers. It compares the performance of two types of isolators: Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) and Friction Pendulum Bearing (FPB). G+12 R.C structure is taken in this study & Time History analysis is performed with ETABS software. Story drift and Story force are compared for the building with the base isolator against the building with the fixed base. In comparison with a fixed base building, parameters are changed in each direction due to the presence of an isolator. The analysis examines the characteristics and the effects of base isolation on structures with the Uttarkashi earthquake.