Estradiol In Water Research Articles

Detection of α-Ethinyl Estradiol in Water by Voltammetry: Mechanistic Study and Practical Implications

Detection of α-Ethinyl Estradiol in Water by Voltammetry: Mechanistic Study and Practical Implications

Effect of pH, temperature, and use of synergistic oxidative agents on the ultrasonic degradation of tris-2-chloroethyl phosphate, gemfibrozil, and 17β estradiol in water

The degradation of three contaminants: tris-2-chloroethyl phosphate (TCEP), gemfibrozil (GEM), and 17β estradiol (E2) by ultrasonication (US) was investigated in a 0.6 L batch reactor. The effect of power intensity and temperature on degradation kinetics was quantified. The impact of oxygen (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) on US effectiveness was assessed to determine potential synergism with US. The results illustrated that degradation of contaminants by US followed a first order rate expression and achieved their highest rate of degradation at pH 3, the lowest pH evaluated, except for TCEP which had a relatively constant rate of degradation with respect to solution pH. The maximum rate constants were achieved using US combined with Na2S2O8 and were found to be: 0.0070, 0.039, and 0.033 min–1 for degradation of TCEP, GEM, and E2, respectively. Combining US with H2O2 did not show synergism, while a small degree of synergism was observed when amending with O2. A 20% (average) decrease in the kinetic constant values was observed as the reaction temperature increased from 25°C to 55°C at pH 3. This study has provided a better understanding of the US process applied to the removal of organic contaminants from water.

Application of fly ash as an adsorbent for Estradiol in animal waste

The contamination of agricultural ground with estrogen compounds through application of animal wastes is a present concern. At the same time, current uses for waste fly ash having high carbon content are limited. To help mitigate these problems, we examine using waste fly ash as a useful adsorbent for Estradiol in pig waste digests. In this study, Estradiol was added to vials containing water and fly ash from several different power plants. After an extraction process, the amount of Estradiol in the water was measured. Commercial activated carbon was also used for comparison purposes. Vials containing varying concentrations of Estradiol and no trapping material were used as a control. The results from this study indicate that fly ash can be used as a trapping material for Estradiol in water, but that commercially available activated carbon can trap about an order of magnitude more Estradiol than the fly ash and that the effects of the fly ash matrix can both inhibit and promote the solvation of Estradiol into water depending possibly upon pH and cation concentration effects. In addition, preliminary extraction studies using pig waste digest indicate that fly ash can be used as adsorbent for Estradiol present in pig waste.

Removal of 17-β estradiol in water by sonolysis

Human and livestock excretions contain appreciable quantities of natural estrogens, namely, estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-estradiol (17α). E2 is the most abundant and the most potent natural estrogen, which can disrupt endocrine system even at ng/L scale. The authors investigated the feasibility of ultrasonic irradiation for E2 removal. The degradation of E2 followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The rate constant increased as the ultrasonic density increased up to 840 W/L. The removal coefficient was maintained at 0.34 ± 0.03 min−1 at initial E2 concentration from 1 to 50 μg/L. The removal reaction was independent of pH values, carbonate and humic acid in typical ranges of river water, groundwater, and effluent of wastewater treatment plant. E2 would be degraded by thermal reactions near the cavity–liquid interface. E1 and E3, endocrine-disrupting intermediates, were not detected during the ultrasonic degradation of E2. Ultrasonic degradation would be efficient for destruction of 17-β estradiol in aqueous solutions.

Optimization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Method for Rapid Screening of 17β-Estradiol in Water by Fluorescence Quenching

A new method was optimized for rapid screening of 17β-estradiol (E2) in water under 10 min. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) particles (325 ± 25 nm) were added in a water sample at pH 5.5 and 20°C to form a suspension. Fluorescence emission from E2 nonspecifically bound onto the MIP particles was first quenched by large gold nanoparticles (43 ± 5 nm). The Stern-Volmer plot was linear, with dynamic quenching constants (K sv) of 2.9 ×104 M−1. Fluorescence emission from E2 specifically bound inside the MIP particles was next quenched by small nitrite anions that easily penetrated the imprinted cavities. The Stern-Volmer plot became nonlinear, with K sv = 2.1 × 102 M−1 and static quenching constant (V) below 1.0 M−1. The difference between these two emission intensities varied as the initial E2 concentration in water, generating a Scatchard calibration curve with R 2 > 0.97 from 0.1 to 10 ppb.

Persistence of 17 -Estradiol in Water and Sediment-Pore Water from Cave Streams in Central Missouri

Concentrations less than 10 ng/L of 17 β-estradiol (E2), a natural estrogen, have been linked to adverse health effects in fish, including skewed sex distributions, reproductive failure, and organ impairment. The persistence of E2 in carbonate aquifer systems is not well documented. Water and sediment from cave streams within the Ozark Plateau of Missouri, USA, were collected and analyzed for E2. The persistence of E2 in the water was examined in two separate experiments, in which the holding temperatures (20°C vs. 4°C), bottle type, exposure to light, and filtration were varied. During two trials, no statistical difference was observed in the concentration of E2, suggesting that E2 is stable within the water. The fate of E2 was also examined in sediment-pore water collected from the cave streams in two independent trials. In trial 1, a significant decrease in E2 was noted over the 29 days of the experiment. However, in trial 2, no change in E2 concentration was observed. The results indicate that E2 is relatively stable in cave stream water and may persist in the sediment.