Estimation Of Lipid Peroxidation Research Articles

Attenuation of albumin glycation and oxidative stress by minerals and vitamins: An in vitro perspective of dual-purpose therapy.

Nonenzymatic glycation of proteins is accelerated in the context of elevated blood sugar levels in diabetes. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are strongly linked to the onset and progression of diabetes. The antiglycation ability of various water- and fat-soluble vitamins, along with trace minerals like molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), chromium, etc., have been screened using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as in vitro model. BSA was incubated with methylglyoxal (MGO) at 37°C for 48h, along with minerals and vitamins separately, along with controls and aminoguanidine (AG) as a standard to compare the efficacy of the minerals and vitamins. Further, their effects on renal cells' (HEK-293) antioxidant potential were examined. Antiglycation potential is measured by monitoring protein glycation markers, structural and functional modifications. Some minerals, Mo, Mn, and Mg, demonstrated comparable inhibition of protein-bound carbonyl content and ß-amyloid aggregation at maximal physiological concentrations. Mo and Mg protected the thiol group and free amino acids and preserved the antioxidant potential. Vitamin E, D, B1 and B3 revealed significant glycation inhibition and improved antioxidant potential in HEK-293 cells as assessed by estimating lipid peroxidation, SOD and glyoxalase activity. These results emphasize the glycation inhibitory potential of vitamins and minerals, indicating the use of these micronutrients in the prospect of the therapeutic outlook for diabetes management.

Hesperidin Attenuates Hypothyroidism-Induced Lung Damage in Adult Albino Rats by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Pathway, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen and Inflammatory Cytokines.

The occurrence of worsening pulmonary function has been connected to hypothyroidism (HPO). Hesperidin (HES) was suggested to have antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory potential. Our study's objective was to determine whether HES could reduce carbimazole (CBZ)-induced lung injury more effectively than Eltroxin (ELT) in adult male albino rats or not. At random, 32 rats were distributed into four groups: Group I: normal control, to induce HPO, the remaining three groups were given CBZ (20 mg/kg/day) dissolved in distilled water for 1 week. They were then split up into three groups. Group II: orally administered CBZ (20 mg/kg b.w in water/day), Group III: HES (200 mg/kg/day) dissolved in 1% carboxymethyl-cellulose + CBZ treated, and Group IV: ELT (0.045 mg/kg/day) dissolved in distilled water + CBZ treated. All treatments were delivered for 12 weeks. Blood was collected to assess thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (THs). Lung injury was evaluated based on the pulmonary content of interleukin (IL)-35, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), along with the estimation of lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical study of nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), together with estimating the proliferation of cells using Antigen Ki-67 in lung tissue were performed. HES and ELT primarily suppressed variable lung damage mechanisms by suppressing TSH, the NF-κB/TNF-α pathway, iNOS, lipid peroxidation, Ki-67, and inflammatory mediators. On the other hand, they improved THs, antioxidant parameters, and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. HES and ELT exhibited an ameliorative effect that was reflected in the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural results. These results indicate that HES is a pneumoprotective agent that could be a promising treatment for oxidative stress, inflammation, and proliferation.

Prooxidant-antioxidant profile in tissues of rats under the action of thiosulfonate esters

Thiosulfonates are characterized by a wide spectrum of biological activity and have effective antimicrobial, antithrombotic, antitumor and antiparasitic effects. However, the use of synthetic sulfur-containing compounds for therapeutic and preventive purposes requires the study of their effect on the protective mechanisms of maintaining homeostasis, the antioxidant status of the body in particular. The aim of the study was to estimate lipid peroxidation process and the state of the antioxidant system in the kidneys, spleen, brain, and muscles of rats under the influence of newly synthesized sulfur-containing compounds of S-alkyl esters of thiosulfonic acids S-ethyl-4-aminobenzenethiosulfonate (ETS), S-allyl-4-aminobenzenethiosulfonate (ATS) and S-allyl-4-acetylaminobenzenethiosulfonate (AATS). Male Wistar rats kept on a standard diet were divided into four groups of 5 animals each: I (control), II, III, IV (experimental). The animals of the control group received additional 0.5 ml of oil and the animals of the experimental groups 0.5 ml of oil solution of thiosulfonate esters once a day. The animals of II, III and IV groups were given ETS, ATS, AATS at the rate of 100 mg per kg of body weight. The lipid hydroperoxides (LPH), TBA-active products, GSH content and activity of SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase in tissue homogenates were determined. The multidirectional changes of the studied indicators after consumption of S-alkyl esters of thiosulfonic acids for 21 days have been identified and characterized indicating on different degree of inhibition or activation of LPO processes depending on the type of tissue and the structure of thiosulfonate ester. Keywords: antioxidant system, rat tissues, S-allyl-4-acetylaminobenzenethiosulfonate, S-allyl-4-aminobenzenethiosulfonate, S-ethyl-4-aminobenzenethiosulfonate

Algal extracellular polymeric substances (algal-EPS) for mitigating the combined toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and nano-TiO2 in Chlorella sp.

The continuous release of nanoparticles and nanoplastics into the marine environment necessitates the examination of their combined effects in marine organisms. Natural Organic Matter (NOM) can significantly influence the behavior of nanomaterials in the marine environment. The present study explores the effects of algal Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) in reducing the combined toxic effects of three different polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs)— aminated (NH2-PSNPs), carboxylated (COOH-PSNPs), and plain PSNPs — and P25 titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Nano-TiO2) towards the marine alga, Chlorella sp. Two doses (0.25 and 2.5 mg/L) of nano-TiO2 mixed with the PSNPs (1 mg/L) were employed. The COOH-PSNPs with 2.5 mg/L nano-TiO2 exhibited higher growth inhibition toward algal cells. Addition of algal EPS to the mixture of NMs decreased the negative effect significantly. The mean hydrodynamic diameter increased significantly from 666 to 797 nm and 1248 to 3589 nm at concentrations 0.25 and 2.5 mg/L, respectively when the mixtures of nano-TiO2 and COOH-PSNPs were incubated with the algal EPS. In comparison to the pristine NMs, the EPS-NMs were found to significantly reduce the superoxide and hydroxyl radical production. The results were further validated with the estimation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), esterase activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and membrane permeability in the cells. The major outcomes from this study highlight the role of algal EPS in significantly reducing the toxic impact of binary mixture of NMs in marine organisms.

Modeling and optimization of malondialdehyde (MDA) absorbance behavior through response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial intelligence network (AIN): An endeavor to estimate lipid peroxidation by determination of MDA

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacks many biomolecules, leading to cell death, lipid peroxidation (LP), and physiological mechanism damage in the human body because of its reaction with nucleotides, membrane lipids, and proteins. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the end products of polyunsaturated fatty acids peroxidation. The elevated level of MDA is widely known as a biomarker for the indirect measurement of OS during LP. Although several derivatizations' approaches and successful commercial kits are available, their analytical validity and reliability in clinical studies require further attention to obtain robust quantitation and high‐quality data. Also, re‐evaluation and development of new analytical methods with high sensitivity and selectivity in response to free MDA and total MDA, DNA and protein adducts are not well‐characterized. Here, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were proposed to model, predict, and optimize MDA detection. This paper introduced a novel, simple, and fast modeling method using a new reagent (para methoxy aniline or PMA) for the first time to convert MDA to an adduct which could be detectable by UV‐Vis spectroscopy. Based on the interactions between MDA and PMA at times and temperatures, RSM and artificial intelligence network (AIN) were then applied to forecast the absorbance rate of MDA‐PMA. The optimum mode for the highest absorbance rate of MDA‐PMA is at the temperature of 74.99°C with a PMA concentration of 499.87 μM and MDA concentration of 49.98 μM. The best structure with five hidden layers, including 5,5,5,9,4 neurons with the transfer function logsig for each layer, was selected for the MLP‐ANN model. The maximum error rate of the MLP‐ANN model was 2.08%.Our new approach is an improvement over existing assay kits, overcoming limitations such as time, temperature, and reliability with a bright future to target increased MDA level in human samples.

The Estimation of Lipid Peroxidation and Osmotic Fragility of Human Red Blood Cell Induced by Pesticides Residues Detected in Some Vegetables Crops

Background: Many studies have reported the contamination by pesticides in a variety of matrices, such as food, water and soil, which despite their use, health risk of pesticides residues on food and in drinking water for the general population has been raised. The aim of this study is to quantify the pesticides residues of Abamectin and Imidacloprid in some vegetable samples; to study the in vitro effects of the both pesticides on the lipid peroxidation and hemolytic activity and finally, based on the mathematical models we estimate the values equivalent to the concentrations of pesticide residues detected in the vegetable samples. Methods: The extraction of pesticide residues from vegetable samples we use the FaPEx kits. Agilent Technologies 1260 infinity high performance liquid chromatography having UV/visible detector was used for the identification and quantification of pesticides residues. The results of this study proved the presence of pesticide residues in vegetable tested with higher values comparing with their corresponding MRLs. Result: The mean of the quantity of Abamectin detected in the vegetables samples ranged from 1.93 to 4.11 mg/kg for the green pepper (Capsicum annuum spp) and courgette (Cucurbita pepo), respectively. In addition, the Imidacloprid is just detected in the cucumber (Cucumis sativus) samples and the mean value of quantity is 24.09 mg/kg and corresponding MRL is 0.05 mg/kg. The in vitro study of the effects of the both pesticides on lipid peroxidation and hemolytic activity demonstrate significant effects of the different concentrations of the both pesticides on the both activities. The estimation by mathematical models of malondialdehyde quantity and hemolytic activity equivalent to the concentrations of the pesticides residues detected in vegetables samples proved the non-toxicity effects of these residues.

Neuroprotective Effects of Lantana camara in BPA Induced-cognitive Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Rats

The present study was aimed to screen neuroprotective effects of lantana camara in BPA induced-cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats. In methodology animals were divided into 5 groups. Group I serve as vehicle control group and was administered with 2 ml of normal saline. Group II was administered with BPA 50 µg/kg for 21 days. Group III and IV served as drug treated group and pre treated for 1 week with methanolic extract of L.camara (250 and 500 mg/kg bw/day orally). Group V serve as standard drug treated group and treated with piracetam 200mg/kg i.p. after the completion of dosing, rats were subjected to various test to analyze their behaviour performance and later sacrificed for further test. Animals were screened for elevated plus maze and Y-maze. Animals were sacrificed and evaluated the brain anti oxidant parameters like catalase (CAT), Estimation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), Estimation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Estimation of glutathione (GSH). All the Parameters of extract treated group animals have shown better results when compared with toxic and test groups. These findings provide a preliminary evidence for its potential as neuroprotective effect.

GINGER LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF 3–NITROPROPIONIC ACID-INDUCED HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE-LIKE SYMPTOMS IN MALE WISTAR RATS

Objective: The purpose of this research work is to enhance bioavailability and brain delivery of ginger through the development of ginger-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and evaluation of its neuroprotective potential against 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced Huntington’s Disease model rats. Methods: Ginger-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were developed as five different formulations (F1-F5) by the ionic gelation method. Based on their release, formulations F1 and F3 were chosen for physicochemical characterization. The neuroprotective activity of formulations F1 and F3 were evaluated by behavioural (Neurological scoring, Hanging wire test, Elevated plus maze test), biochemical (estimation of lipid peroxidation, glutathione, protein, superoxide dismutase, catalase) and neurochemical (estimation of acetylcholine esterase inhibition) tests in comparison with ginger extract in Huntington’s Disease (HD) model rats. Results: Formulations F1 and F3 showed almost similar and significant controlled release. Formulation F1 showed spherical nanoparticles with optimum size range and negative zeta potential. The behavioural assessment revealed that there was an improvement in gait, movement, grip strength and memory in ginger-loaded chitosan nanoformulations administered to rats than ginger extract administered rats. Biochemical and neurochemical analyses also proved that ginger-loaded chitosan nanoformulations had greatly lowered the oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls in comparison with ginger extract (p<0.05). The ginger nanoformulations had highly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase by reducing the formation of free radicals than ginger extract (p<0.05). The memory and cognition of ginger nanoformulations administered Wistar rats had highly improved than ginger extract administered Wistar rats (p<0.05 due to inhibition of acetylcholine esterase enzyme). Conclusion: The current study indicated that ginger-loaded chitosan nanoparticles have a superior neuroprotective effect than their extract due to their nano size, which facilitates their entry across the blood-brain barrier and eventually improves the bioavailability of ginger.

Vitamin C and E Supplementation Can Mitigate NaF Mediated Hematological and Hepatic Disorders in Adult Wistar Rats

The study aimed to investigate the effect of combined vitamin E and C, on hematological and hepatic systems of adult male Wistar rats with fluoride toxicity. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups such as control, treated (given NaF, 20 mg/kg bw/rat/day), and supplemented (NaF and vitamin E-200 mg/kg bw + C- 400 mg/kg bw). Altered hematological parameters like erythrocyte count, leukocyte count and hemoglobin concentration were seen in NaF groups. Estimation of osmotic fragility of erythrocyte showed a marked increase fragile erythrocytes in fluoride-treated groups compared to control and supplemented groups. Total thiol concentration was also decreased due fluoride fluoride-induced oxidative stress and it was protected in supplementary groups. The oxidative imbalance induced by NaF in liver was evaluated by estimating the activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and catalase and with estimation of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation product malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl. All enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers of oxidative imbalance were significantly altered (increased/decreased) due to fluoride toxicity, which was again observed to be protected in the supplemented group. The histopathological analysis of the liver also proved the mitigatory effect of the combined vitamin E+C on fluorideinduced hepatic insult.

Effects of date seeds administration on anxiety and depressive symptoms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: biochemical and behavioral evidences.

Several epidemiological data indicate that chronic hyperglycemia is associated with behavioral changes such as anxiety and depressive symptoms. Date seeds, one of the most potent products with potential antioxidant activities and possess many benefits against hyperglycemia and its complication. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential effect of date seeds extract on biochemical and behavioral changes (anxiety and depression) in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Rats were divided into four groups as follows: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with the lyophilized aqueous extract of the date seed (2,000mg/kg) (LAE-DS) and diabetics treated with insulin (4UI/day). Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60mg/kg). After 24days treatment period, anxiety and depressive behaviors were evaluated using four behavioral tests. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected to evaluate lipid parameters. In addition, rat organs (kidney, liver and brain) were dissected out in order to estimate lipid peroxidation levels as oxidative stress marker. Oral administration of the lyophilized aqueous extract of date seeds and insulin injection for 30days significantly decreased blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetic rats and protected them against undesirable changes in lipid parameters, including cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis index. Compared to untreated diabetic rat, a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation levels in kidney, liver and brain (Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) were observed after treatment with insulin or LAE-DS in diabetic rats. Furthermore, insulin and LAE-DS administration prevented anxiety-related behaviors in STZ-diabetic rats. Therefore, it would be possible to combine this extract with insulin and use it as an antioxidant supplement for type 1 diabetic patients.

Therapeutic effects of eugenol in a rat model of traumatic brain injury: A behavioral, biochemical, and histological study

Background and aimTraumatic brain injury (TBI) results in death or long term functional disabilities. Eugenol is demonstrated to be beneficial in a range of experimental models of neurological disorders via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of eugenol in a weight-drop induced rat model of TBI. Experimental procedureRats were assigned into five groups; control and TBI groups pretreated with vehicle, and three TBI groups pretreated with different doses of eugenol (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o., seven consecutive days). Except for the control, all other groups were subjected to TBI using Marmarou’s weight-drop method. 24 h after TBI, locomotor functions and short term memory were evaluated. Lastly animals were scarified and the estimation of lipid peroxidation in brain tissue, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, brain water content (brain edema) and histopathology of the brain tissue were performed. ResultsWeight-drop induced TBI caused functional disabilities in the rats as indicated by impairment in locomotor activities and short term memory. The TBI also resulted in augmented neuronal cell death designated by chromatolysis. The results also showed disruption in the BBB integrity, increased edema, and lipid peroxidation in the brain of the rats exposed to trauma. Pretreatment with eugenol (100 mg/kg) ameliorated histopathological, neurochemical, and behavioral consequences of trauma. ConclusionFor the first time this study revealed that eugenol can be considered as a potential candidate for managing the functional disabilities associated with TBI because of its antioxidant activities.

The potential role of pomegranate and its nano-formulations on cerebral neurons in aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer rat model.

The oxidative stress leading to degenerative changes in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is evident. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic and protective effects of pomegranate extract (PE) and pomegranate extract-loaded nanoparticles (PE nano) in an AlCl 3-induced AD rat model. Nanoparticles were synthesized with a PE load of 0.68% w/w, and 70 male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups: Group I was the control, Group II received PE., Group III received PE nano for 2 weeks, Group IV received AlCl 3 (50 mg/kg) daily orally for 4 weeks, Group V received PE for 2 weeks, Group VI received PE nano for 2 weeks, and Groups V and VI were started after AlCl 3 administration was stopped. Group VII received PE for 2 weeks and was stopped before AlCl 3 was administered. The Results revealed that the discrimination index in the novel object recognition test was the least in AD rat model but increased in cases protected with PE treated with PE nano. Similar results were shown based on calculating the brain weight/body weight percent. The biomarkers of antioxidant activity (catalase, glutathione and total antioxidant activity) in brain homogenate were significantly increased in groups treated with either PE or PE nano. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance measured to estimate lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in AD rat model and decreased in groups protected with PE or treated with PE nano. Histopathological studies using hematoxylin and eosin, cresyl violet, and silver stains revealed hyaline degeneration, chromatolysis, and hallmarks of AD; neurofibrillary tangles and the senile plaques in brains of AD rat model. Restoration of the histological architecture, Nissl granules, and minimal appearance of hallmarks of AD characterized brains treated with PE or PE nano. In conclusion, PE was more effective as a protectant than a therapeutic measure in alleviating the antioxidant, lipid peroxidative effects and histopathological hallmarks in AD brains. But, the therapeutic PE-loaded nanoparticles increased the efficacy of active components and produced similar results as the protective PE.

Association between DNA and RNA oxidative damage and mortality in septic patients

PurposeDNA and RNA oxidative damage occurs during sepsis. Higher urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels (from oxidation of guanosine from DNA) have been found in non-surviving patients than in surviving septic patients. However, the relation between DNA and RNA oxidative damage and mortality in septic patients has never been published; thus, the objective of this study was to determine the existence of this association. MethodsThis prospective and observational study including septic patients was conducted in 8 Spanish Intensive Care Units. Serum concentrations of the three oxidizied guanine species (OGS) (8-OHdG from DNA, 8-hydroxyguanosine from RNA, and 8-hydroxyguanine from DNA or RNA) were determined, and malondialdehyde (to estimate lipid peroxidation) in the diagnosis of sepsis. Mortality at 30 days was the end-point study. ResultsNon-surviving patients (n = 78) compared to surviving patients (n = 139) showed higher serum concentrations of OGS (p = .004) and malondialdehyde (p < .001). Simultaneously, an association between serum OGS concentrations and mortality in logistic regression analysis was found (OR = 1.105; 95% CI = 1.024–1.193; p = .01), and a positive correlation between serum levels of OGS and malondialdehyde (rho = 0.21; p = .002). ConclusionsThe new findings from our study were that oxidative DNA and RNA damage in septic patients was associated with mortality and lipid peroxidation.

Association Between DNA and RNA Oxidative Damage and Mortality of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

The hyperoxidative state in traumatic brain injury (TBI) could produce oxidative damage on the ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Oxidative damage to nucleic acids in TBI patients has been studied, and higher concentrations of 8-OHdG were found in postmortem brain samples of subjects who died following TBI than in subjects who died from sudden cardiac death. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between serum DNA and RNA oxidative damage and mortality in TBI patients. We included patients with severe isolated TBI defined as a lower score than 9 points in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and lower than 9 points in non-cranial aspects in the Injury Severity Score. We determined serum concentrations of the three oxidized guanine species (OGS) (8-OHdG from DNA, 8-hydroxyguanosine from RNA, and 8-hydroxyguanine from DNA or RNA) and malondialdehyde (to estimate lipid peroxidation) on the day of TBI. Mortality at 30days was the end-point study. We found higher serum concentrations of OGS (p < 0.001) and malondialdehyde (p < 0.001) in non-surviving (n = 34) than in surviving patients (n = 90), an association between serum OGS levels and 30-day mortality after control for CGS, age, and computed tomography findings (OR = 1.397; 95% CI = 1.137-1.716; p = 0.001), and a positive correlation between serum levels of OGS and malondialdehyde (rho = 0.24; p = 0.01). To our knowledge, our study is the largest series reporting data on DNA oxidative damage in TBI patients and is the first reporting DNA and RNA oxidative damage in TBI patients associating lipid peroxidation and mortality.

α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor effects and pancreatic response to diabetes mellitus on Wistar rats of Ephedra alata areal part decoction with immunohistochemical analyses.

Ephedra alata, known as a medicinal plant in China, was used in this study as aqueous extract from aerial parts, for diabetes mellitus treatment. This study was carried out on two parts, in vitro, we tested the effect of the studied extract on the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, and in vivo on Wistar male rats receiving alloxan intraperitoneally at a rate of 125mg/kg. Extract (100, 200, and 300mg/kg of body weight) was administrated for 28days by oral gavage. Blood glucose, amylase, lipase, and lipid profile level were determined. Oxidative stress was evaluated by enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and by estimation of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl (PC) level. Histopathological changes in pancreas were investigated under photonic microscopy using immunohistochemical procedure. Our findings showed that aqueous extract inhibited in vitro both α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities and its use in vivo at 300mg/kg of body weight restored pancreas weight and weight gain, ameliorated significantly (p˂0.05) biochemical parameters; it prevented the increase in lipid and protein oxidation and the decrease in enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense system. Histological study of treated animals showed a comparable healed regeneration of beta cells.

Serum total antioxidant capacity during the first week of sepsis and mortality

PurposeHigher circulating total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations have been found in non-survivor than in survivor septic patients at moment of sepsis diagnosis. The objectives of this study were to determine whether serum TAC levels during the first week of sepsis are associated with lipid peroxidation, sepsis severity, and sepsis mortality, and whether could be used as a prognostic biomarker. MethodsThis prospective and observational study with 319 septic patients admitted to Intensive Care Units was carried out in 8 Spanish hospitals. We determined serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (to estimate lipid peroxidation) and TAC at days 1, 4 and 8 of sepsis. Mortality at 30 days was the end-point study. ResultsWe found that serum TAC concentrations at days 1, 4 and 8 could predict 30-day mortality according to ROC curve analyses (p < 0.001), that were associated with 30-day mortality according to regression analyses (p < 0.001), and that were associated with serum levels of malondialdehyde and SOFA score. ConclusionsThe new findings of our study were that serum TAC levels during the first week of sepsis are associated with lipid peroxidation, sepsis severity, and sepsis mortality, and that could be used as a prognostic biomarker.

Zinc and linoleic acid pre-treatment attenuates biochemical and histological changes in the midbrain of rats with rotenone-induced Parkinsonism

BackgroundStudies have suggested the supplementation of Zinc and Linoleic acid in the management of neurodegenerative disorders but none has investigated the combined effects. Little is known about the neuroprotective effects of either Zinc or Linoleic acid or their combination against development of Parkinsonism. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Zinc and Linoleic acid in rotenone-induced Parkinsonism in rats.MethodsThirty-six young adult female rats weighing 100–150 g divided into six groups were used. Rats were induced with Parkinsonism by subcutaneous administration of rotenone (2.5 mg/kg) once a day for seven consecutive days. The rats received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/Olive oil or rotenone dissolved in DMSO/Olive oil. Groups III and IV received Zinc (30 mg/kg) or Linoleic acid (150 µl/kg) while group V received a combination of both, 2 weeks prior to rotenone injection. Groups II and VI served as negative (rotenone group) and positive (Levodopa groups) controls respectively. Oxidative stress levels were assessed by estimating Lipid peroxidation (MDA), total antioxidant capacity, Superoxide dismutase, reduced Glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the midbrain. Histological examination was done to assess structural changes in the midbrain.ResultsThere was a significant prevention in lipid peroxidation and decrease in the antioxidant status in intervention-treated groups as compared to the rotenone treated group. In addition, histological examination revealed that Parkinsonian rat brains exhibited neuronal damage. Cell death and reduction in neuron size induced by rotenone was prevented by treatment with zinc, linoleic acid and their combination.ConclusionThese results suggest that zinc and linoleic acid and their combination showed significant neuroprotective activity most likely due to the antioxidant effect.

The effect of melanin-free extract from Sepia esculenta ink on lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and water-holding capacity of tilapia fillet during cold storage

BackgroundPreservative effect of melanin-free extract of Sepia esculenta ink (MFESI) on Sparus latus fillet has been verified in our previous work. This study aims to further approach the mechanism of MFESI for extending the shelf-life of fish fillet during cold storage. Tilapia fillets were treated with different dosage of MFESI (0, 15, 25 and 35 mg/ml) and packed with preservative film for succedent cold-storage at 4 °C for scheduled time. Contents of total volatile basic nitrogen and sulfydryl and carbanyl groups were measured for evaluating protein oxidation. Malondialdehyde contents were measured for estimating lipid peroxidation and loss of water was used to determine water-holding capacity of fillet.ResultsThe data indicated that MFESI not only possessed certain degree of antioxidant capacity in vitro, also lengthened shelf-life of tilapia fillet in cold-storage condition. Apart from 15 mg/ml, both 25 and 35 mg/ml of MFESI obviously prevented lipid and protein from oxidation and reduced loss of water from tilapia fillets, and the latter was more effective than the former.ConclusionMFESI can repress lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and reduce water loss, maintain the tilapia fillets quality and, thus, it could be an effective and natural preservative for extending the shelf-life of tilapia fillets during cold storage.

Evaluation of resistance and the role of some defense responses in wheat cultivars to Fusarium head blight

Abstract Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereal crops worldwide. Application of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economic method for management of FHB and reducing mycotoxin production in wheat. Understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in basal resistance of wheat to FHB disease is limited. In this research, after screening resistance levels of eighteen wheat cultivars planted in Iran, Gaskozhen and Falat were identified as partially resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars against Fusarium spp., respectively. Also, we investigated the role of hydroxyl radical (OH−), nitric oxide (NO), callose deposition, lipid peroxidation and protein content in basal resistance of wheat to the hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic Fusarium species causing FHB. Nitric oxide as a signaling molecule may be involved in physiological and defensive processes in plants. Our results showed that NO generation increased in seedlings and spikes of wheat cultivars after inoculation with Fusarium species. We observed earlier and stronger callose deposition at early time points after infection by Fusarium spp. isolates than in non-infected plants, which was positively related to the resistance levels in wheat cultivars. Higher levels of OH− and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation (as a marker of lipid peroxidation) were observed in the Falat than in the Gaskozhen cultivar, under non-infected and infected conditions. So, estimation of lipid peroxidation could be useful to evaluate cultivars’ susceptibility. These findings can provide novel insights for better recognition of physiological and biochemical markers of FHB resistance, which could be used for rapid screening of resistance levels in wheat cultivars against this destructive fungal disease.

Nano-encapsulation of Dietary Phytoconstituent Capsaicin on Emulsome: Evaluation of Anticancer Activity Through the Measurement of Liver Oxidative Stress in Rats.

Excessive reactive species derived from oxygen and nitrogen leads to oxidative damage to tissue and organs. Capsaicin (CAP), a pungent component found in red pepper can prevent oxidative stress. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the protective effects of CAP loaded nano-emulsomes (EML) against the oxidative stress of rat livers induced through sodium fluoride (NaF). EML was prepared by thin film hydration method that is development of thin lipid film followed by hydration and sonication. EML was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. EML was evaluated for drug entrapment, in vitro drug release, and in vivo study. In vitro drug release study of optimized formulation showed that 50% of CAP was released within 50.21 min while 85% CAP was released in 227.4 min. Single oral dose of free CAP and CAP loaded EML were given to rats 2 hour after NaF administration. Membrane of hepatic cells was damaged by NaF and it was judged by the estimation of lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and catalase activity. The administration of CAP loaded EML 2 hr after NAF consumption showed significant decrease in ROS level compared to free CAP. EML containing CAP was more effective in comparison to free CAP in controlling the lipid peroxidation that is thiobarbituric acid substance augmentation in liver by the treatment of NaF. The administration of CAP loaded EML showed significant increase in catalase activity compared to free CAP administration. The results clearly demonstrated that CAP loaded EML may be accepted as an effective therapeutic formulation in preventing oxidative damage.