Estimates Of Aquifer Properties Research Articles

Hydrogeochemical Investigation and Estimation of Aquifer Properties at Dhaka University Campus

The University of Dhaka has its own water supply system and entirely relies on groundwater. Ten groundwater samples were collected from 10 production wells of 120-320 m depth across the University campus from upper and lower Dupi Tila aquifers. The pH values revealed that water is mildly acidic to neutral and electrical conductivity (EC) values ranging from 325 to 654 μS/cm, indicating fresh groundwater. The total hardness (TH) of the samples ranges from 76-203 mg/L, suggesting moderately hard to very hard water. Of the ten groundwater samples, nine are of Ca-Mg-HCO3 type, whereas one shows Ca-Na-HCO3 type of groundwater. The saturation indices show that the groundwater samples are near-saturated for calcite, dolomite, gypsum, siderite, and rhodochrosite, indicating the low potential for dissolution-precipitation of these mineral. Notably, the results of WQI indicate that all the wells are safe for drinking. As of July 2023, the groundwater level was 72 m below ground level with a declination rate of 2.8 m/year. The estimated hydraulic conductivity values of 20 to 90 m/day and transmissivity values of 637 to 2740 m²/day suggest better permeability and water transmission potential within the lower aquifer. These results provide essential information for the university authority to implement appropriate strategies for efficient groundwater management. The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 12(2), 2023, P 55-67

Comparative Study of Oil Recovery Factor Determination for Edge and Bottom Water Drive Mechanism Using Water Influx Models

The purpose of this research work is to comparatively study the oil recovery factor from two major aquifer geometry (Bottom and Edge water aquifer) using water aquifer model owing to the fact that most if not every reservoir is bounded by a water aquifer with relative size content (Most Large). These aquifers are pivotal in oil recovery factor (percent%), Cumulative oil produced (MMSTB) as well as overall reservoir performance the methodology utilized in this study involves; Identification of appropriate influx models were utilized for aquifer characterization. The characterizes of the Niger Delta reservoir aquifer considered include aquifer permeability, aquifer porosity etc. Estimation of aquifer properties is achieved by using regressed method in Material Balance Software (MBAL). This approach involves History Matching of average reservoir pressure with computed pressure of the reservoir utilizing production data and PVT data. The computed pressure from model is history matched by regressing most uncertain parameters in aquifer such as aquifer size, permeability, and porosity. Historic production data was imputed into the MBAL Tank Model, the production data was matched with the model simulation by regressing on rock and fluid parameters with high uncertainty. The match parameters were recorded as the base parameter and other sensitivity on aquifer parameters using the Fetkovich model for the bottom and edge water drive. The average percentage increase in oil cumulative volume was 0.40% in fovour of bottom water drive. Further sensitivity on cumulative oil recovered showed the increase in reservoir size with increasing aquifer volumes increases oil production exponentially in bottom water drive whereas edge water drive increased linearly. Aquifer volume, aquifer permeability showed linear relationship with bottom and edge water drive.

Comparative Study of Oil Recovery Factor Determination for Edge and Bottom Water Drive Mechanism Using Water Influx Models

The purpose of this research work is to comparatively study the oil recovery factor from two major aquifer geometry (Bottom and Edge water aquifer) using water aquifer model owing to the fact that most if not every reservoir is bounded by a water aquifer with relative size content (Most Large). These aquifers are pivotal in oil recovery factor (percent%), Cumulative oil produced (MMSTB) as well as overall reservoir performance the methodology utilized in this study involves; Identification of appropriate influx models were utilized for aquifer characterization. The characterizes of the Niger Delta reservoir aquifer considered include aquifer permeability, aquifer porosity etc. Estimation of aquifer properties is achieved by using regressed method in Material Balance Software (MBAL). This approach involves History Matching of average reservoir pressure with computed pressure of the reservoir utilizing production data and PVT data. The computed pressure from model is history matched by regressing most uncertain parameters in aquifer such as aquifer size, permeability, and porosity. Historic production data was imputed into the MBAL Tank Model, the production data was matched with the model simulation by regressing on rock and fluid parameters with high uncertainty. The match parameters were recorded as the base parameter and other sensitivity on aquifer parameters using the Fetkovich model for the bottom and edge water drive. The average percentage increase in oil cumulative volume was 0.40% in fovour of bottom water drive. Further sensitivity on cumulative oil recovered showed the increase in reservoir size with increasing aquifer volumes increases oil production exponentially in bottom water drive whereas edge water drive increased linearly. Aquifer volume, aquifer permeability showed linear relationship with bottom and edge water drive.

Investigation of Numerical Evaluation Improvement for Three-Dimensional Infinite Cylindrical Heat Conduction Problems

Abstract To estimate the thermal properties from transient data, a model is needed to produce numerical values with sufficient precision. Iterative regression or other estimation procedures must be applied to evaluate the model again and again. From this perspective, infinite or semi-infinite heat conduction problems are a challenge. Since the analytical solution usually contains improper integrals that need to be computed numerically, computer-evaluation speed is a serious issue. To improve the computation speed with precision maintained, an analytical method has been applied to three-dimensional (3D) cylindrical geometries. In this method, the numerical evaluation time is improved by replacing the integral-containing solution by a suitable finite body series solution. The precision of the series solution may be controlled to a high level and the required computer time may be minimized by a suitable choice of the extent of the finite body. The practical applications for 3D geometries include the line-source method for obtaining thermal properties, the estimation of thermal properties by the laser-flash method, and the estimation of aquifer properties or petroleum-field properties from well-test measurements. This paper is an extension of earlier works on one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) cylindrical geometries. In this paper, the computer-evaluation time for the finite geometry 3D solutions is shown to be hundreds of times faster than the infinite or semi-infinite solution with the precision maintained.

Efficient Numerical Evaluation of Exact Solutions for One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Infinite Cylindrical Heat Conduction Problems

Estimation of thermal properties or diffusion properties from transient data requires that a model is available that is physically meaningful and suitably precise. The model must also produce numerical values rapidly enough to accommodate iterative regression, inverse methods, or other estimation procedures during which the model is evaluated again and again. Bodies of infinite extent are a particular challenge from this perspective. Even for exact analytical solutions, because the solution often has the form of an improper integral that must be evaluated numerically, lengthy computer-evaluation time is a challenge. The subject of this paper is improving the computer evaluation time for exact solutions for infinite and semi-infinite bodies in the cylindrical coordinate system. The motivating applications for the present work include the line-source method for obtaining thermal properties, the estimation of thermal properties by the laser-flash method, and the estimation of aquifer properties or petroleum-field properties from well-test measurements. In this paper, the computer evaluation time is improved by replacing the integral-containing solution by a suitable finite-body series solution. The precision of the series solution may be controlled to a high level and the required computer time may be minimized, by a suitable choice of the extent of the finite body. The key finding of this paper is that the resulting series may be accurately evaluated with a fixed number of terms at any value of time, which removes a long-standing difficulty with series solution in general. The method is demonstrated for the one-dimensional case of a large body with a cylindrical hole and is extended to two-dimensional geometries of practical interest. The computer-evaluation time for the finite-body solutions are shown to be hundreds or thousands of time faster than the infinite-body solutions, depending on the geometry.

Simulations of Potential Future Conditions in the Cache Critical Groundwater Area, Arkansas

A three-dimensional finite-difference model for part of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in the Cache Critical Groundwater Area of eastern Arkansas was constructed to simulate potential future conditions of groundwater flow. The objectives of this study were to test different pilot point distributions to find reasonable estimates of aquifer properties for the alluvial aquifer, to simulate flux from rivers, and to demonstrate how changes in pumping rates for different scenarios affect areas of long-term water-level declines over time. The model was calibrated using the parameter estimation code. Additional calibration was achieved using pilot points with regularization and singular value decomposition. Pilot point parameter values were estimated at a number of discrete locations in the study area to obtain reasonable estimates of aquifer properties. Nine pumping scenarios for the years 2011 to 2020 were tested and compared to the simulated water-level heads from 2010. Hydraulic conductivity values from pilot point calibration ranged between 42 and 173 m/d. Specific yield values ranged between 0.19 and 0.337. Recharge rates ranged between 0.00009 and 0.0006 m/d. The model was calibrated using 2,322 hydraulic head measurements for the years 2000 to 2010 from 150 observation wells located in the study area. For all scenarios, the volume of water depleted ranged between 5.7 and 23.3 percent, except in Scenario 2 (minimum pumping rates), in which the volume increased by 2.5 percent.

The impact of climate change, human interference, scale and modeling uncertainties on the estimation of aquifer properties and river flow components

Summary Within the period 1978–2006, climate change and human interferences produced noticeable impacts on the hydrology of a small watershed, known as the Beca River basin. Climate change was characterized by a persistent raise in temperature (+0.78 °C decade − 1 ) and a drop in the annual rainfall (−300 mm decade − 1 ). Human interferences included the construction of a dam for electric power generation, in 1998, and since then the transference of Beca River flows from the dam lake to the adjacent Tâmega River. The impacts on catchment hydrology comprised a decline of aquifer hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity, by approximately one order of magnitude, related to a water table lowering of about 17 m within the bedrock aquifer composed of weathered and fractured Hercynian granites and Paleozoic metassediments and of saprolite layers derived therefrom. Aquifer property estimates were compared across spatial scales, namely the Beca River and the nested sub-basins scale. Sub-basin aquifers are more porous and permeable than the basin aquifer because corresponding hydraulic circuits are shallower. Comparisons were also made between aquifer properties derived from measured and simulated stream flows, which revealed effects of modeling uncertainties on the results. River flows also suffered a substantial decrease in the course of climate change and human interference, especially the overland flows (4/5 decrease) and the base flows (2/3 decrease). The inter flows were less affected (1/3 decrease) because they were partly fed with water from the aquifer storage, which in turn underwent depletion. The hydrologic changes in the Beca River basin anticipate important impacts on the local use of natural water. In this context, the aforementioned water table lowering may have caused limited access to shallow groundwater for activities such as crop irrigation from dug wells, whereas the severe decline in overland flows and base flows had certainly reduced the availability of surface water for the refilling of dam lakes and of groundwater for the supply of public and private boreholes.

Hydrological Characterization and Estimation of Aquifer Properties from Electrical Sounding Data in Sagar Island Region, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India

Hydrological Characterization and Estimation of Aquifer Properties from Electrical Sounding Data in Sagar Island Region, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India

Some observations on the scale dependence of permeability by pumping tests

The dependence of scale in estimates of permeability or transmissivity in pumping tests is addressed in terms of internal architecture. The need for using geologic models that go beyond treating heterogeneity as a multinormal logarithmic field is noted. By using stratification as a vehicle and simulating flow, the role of the internal architecture of the aquifer is demonstrated. Specifically, transient data generated with the help of a stratified model are evaluated without consideration of internal architecture or geological imprint, and the consequences on estimates of aquifer properties are examined particularly in terms of scale. Evidence of scale effects should suggest the need for evaluating pumping tests with models that incorporate geologic considerations.

Transient analytic elements for periodic Dupuit–Forchheimer flow

A new analytic element formulation is presented for the simulation of transient, periodic Dupuit–Forchheimer flow. Equations are presented for the discharge potential of periodic wells, line-sinks, and circular area-sinks; all discharge potentials are written in separated form as the product of a function of space and a periodic function of time. Boundary conditions are represented with Fourier series consisting of an arbitrary number of terms. The obtained solution is analytic; water levels in streams are met at collocation points along the stream exactly and continuously through time. Equations are derived for ‘influence factors’, which represent characteristic lengths over which the periodic change of a well or line-sink has a significant influence on the head variation in the aquifer. Possible applications of the proposed method include the modeling of seasonal fluctuations in head and baseflow, and the estimation of aquifer properties from measured head variations. A hypothetical example is presented and the variation of the head in the aquifer and the inflow along a stream branch are evaluated.

A numerical model and spreadsheet interface for pumping test analysis.

Curve-matching techniques have been the standard method of aquifer test analysis for several decades. A variety of techniques provide the capability of evaluating test data from confined, unconfined, leaky aquitard, and other conditions. Each technique, however, is accompanied by a set of assumptions, and evaluation of a combination of conditions can be complicated or impossible due to intractable mathematics or nonuniqueness of the solution. Numerical modeling of pumping tests provides two major advantages: (1) the user can choose which properties to calibrate and what assumptions to make; and (2) in the calibration process the user is gaining insights into the conceptual model of the flow system and uncertainties in the analysis. Routine numerical modeling of pumping tests is now practical due to computer hardware and software advances of the last decade. The RADFLOW model and spreadsheet interface presented in this paper is an easy-to-use numerical model for estimation of aquifer properties from pumping test data. Layered conceptual models and their properties are evaluated in a trial-and-error estimation procedure. The RADFLOW model can treat most combinations of confined, unconfined, leaky aquitard, partial penetration, and borehole storage conditions. RADFLOW is especially useful in stratified aquifer systems with no identifiable lateral boundaries. It has been verified to several analytical solutions and has been applied in the Snake River Plain Aquifer to develop and test conceptual models and provide estimates of aquifer properties. Because the model assumes axially symmetrical flow, it is limited to representing multiple aquifer layers that are laterally continuous.

Hazardous wastes assessment, management, and minimization

Hazardous wastes assessment, management, and minimization

Atrazine in a Stream‐Aquifer System: Estimation of Aquifer Properties from Atrazine Concentration Profiles

AbstractLincolns municipal wellfield consists of 44 wells developed in an alluvial aquifer adjacent to the Platte River near Ashland, Nebraska Induced recharge from the river is the primary source of water for the wellfield. Wafer samples were collected on a periodic basis from the Platte River arid two transects of monitoring wells. These samples were analyzed for the herbicide atrazine, which was used as a tracer of induced recharge in this stream‐aquifer system. Atrazine concentrations in the river and aquifer were much less than 1.0 ppb during late fall and winter, but increased to as high as 18.9 ppb during spring and summer, associated with runoff from upgradient agricultural lands. There was approximately a 21‐day lag time from the first detection of increasing atrazine concentration in the river to the first detection in monitoring wells immediately adjacent to the river. This lag time was relatively constant throughout the year and from one year to the next, even with major fluctuations of river stage and wellfield production. This consistency of lag time indicated that the travel times from the river to the first set of monitoring wells immediately adjacent to the river were fairly constant.Paths of preferential flow were identified in the aquifer at a depth of 25 to 35 feet below land surface. This aquifer zone appeared to play a significant role in movement of water from beneath the river into the wellfield.Aquifer dispersivity was calculated using a method described by Hoehn and Santschi (1987). Macrodispersivity (AL) was shown to increase linearly over the scale of the wellfield. Calculated values of AL were within limits of other reported values for this type of aquifer material and agreed well with values reported by Hoehn and Santschi (1987); These findings will be extremely beneficial for planning and management of the municipal wellfield.

The Estimation of Aquifer Properties From Reservoir Performance in Water-Drive Fields

The purpose of this paper is to indicate a method for estimating values of specified aquifer parameters from an investigation of the reservoir performance of an associated oilfield. To achieve this objective an analysis was made of the simultaneous solution of the material-balance and diffusivity equations, followed by an application of the method of least squares. Three analytical functions evolved, which in dimensionless form were numerically evaluated by computer and tabulated herein. Application of the proffered method requires the simultaneous solution of the three normal equations developed in the paper.