Aesthetic Point Of View Research Articles

Childhood in "no galinheiro, no devagar do tempo", by Ondjaki

The African literature of Portuguese language corresponds to a relatively recent production, if we take into account the post-independence history of these countries. However, they consist of a vast and rich production from the cultural, identity, aesthetic point of view and the way in which orality is imbricated in the writing. It is in this context that the work of the Angolan Ondjaki is situated, which explores, among so many themes and perspectives, the issue of childhood, the starting point of one of his best-known works, Os da Minha Rua (2007), composed of twenty-two narratives. Among them is the text “No galinheiro, no devagar do tempo”, object of study of this article, which aims to analyze how childhood is presented in this story. For this, we developed a bibliographical research, based, in particular, on the ideas of Bakhtin (2002), Jacoby (2010), Chombart de Lauwe (1991), Lajolo (1997), among othersKeywords: Ondjaki; African Literature; Childhood.

Social media feedback. a different look at instagram as a collaborative learning tool

This study pretends to characterize the comments of instagram users to have an approval base from the conceptual and aesthetic point of view, to find out what effect has the feedback of this social network in the creation of creative concepts. We worked with the account "@distritovisual" where graphic pieces of bachelor’s students of Graphic Design in a private university in Guayaquil city where exhibited. A mixed approach with an exploratory-descriptive-causal scope was applied, an interview with an expert on the subject and the application of a rubric for the review and quantification of the comments of those who visited the profile, later these were analyzed by students for the respective conclusion in the decision making on the pedagogical relevance of instagram as a tool of collaborative learning that involves didactic interaction empowering education through feedback.

Estetika Tri Mandala Dalam Komposisi Baru Pasupati: Strategi Pengembangan Wacana Keindahan dalam Karawitan

Aesthetics has an important role in determining the weight of karawitan. Aesthetics can also justify the creation of a composition. Naturally, if in the assessment of composition is always influenced by aesthetic factors to determine the high and low value of karawitan. However, aesthetic perspective also needs to be a reference to show the renewal of a karawitan. It's a form of creativity in art. One of the conceptions that can give aesthetic harmony in karawitan composition is the concept of tri mandala. Tri mandala is a three-dimensional philosophical concept of harmony that is usually a reference in the field of architecture to build sacred places, residences, and even traditional markets in Bali. Through the concept of Tri mandala, a karawitan harmony system that was originally oriented to the second dimension became developed into the third dimension. Therefore, the topic of tri mandala aesthetics in pasupati composition needs to be researched so that it can result in a new aesthetic point of view in karawitan. This topic is a type of qualitative research that is studied with several stages, namely: observation, consoralization, composite realization. The results showed that tri mandala renews the aesthetic value of a karawitan composition. The renewal is represented in a system of harmony, structure, and meaning. The connection of the three with the tri mandala is the third dimension. Everything refers to the power of three, the harmony of three, part three, and the meaning of three in the symbolization of the three realms namely, bhur, bwah, and swah.

Estetika Tri Mandala Dalam Komposisi Baru Pasupati: Strategi Pengembangan Wacana Keindahan dalam Karawitan

Aesthetics has an important role in determining the weight of karawitan. Aesthetics can also justify the creation of a composition. Naturally, if in the assessment of composition is always influenced by aesthetic factors to determine the high and low value of karawitan. However, aesthetic perspective also needs to be a reference to show the renewal of a karawitan. It's a form of creativity in art. One of the conceptions that can give aesthetic harmony in karawitan composition is the concept of tri mandala. Tri mandala is a three-dimensional philosophical concept of harmony that is usually a reference in the field of architecture to build sacred places, residences, and even traditional markets in Bali. Through the concept of Tri mandala, a karawitan harmony system that was originally oriented to the second dimension became developed into the third dimension. Therefore, the topic of tri mandala aesthetics in pasupati composition needs to be researched so that it can result in a new aesthetic point of view in karawitan. This topic is a type of qualitative research that is studied with several stages, namely: observation, consoralization, composite realization. The results showed that tri mandala renews the aesthetic value of a karawitan composition. The renewal is represented in a system of harmony, structure, and meaning. The connection of the three with the tri mandala is the third dimension. Everything refers to the power of three, the harmony of three, part three, and the meaning of three in the symbolization of the three realms namely, bhur, bwah, and swah.

Novel 3D printing method to reinforce implant-supported denture fiberglass as material for implant prosthesis: A pilot study.

ObjectivesDespite a large amount of materials and methods to make an implant‐supported denture, nowadays there is no gold standard. Every solution has pros and cons that guide the clinician and the technician to choose the best solution for a single case. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the fiber‐reinforced composite superstructure made by using a novel three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology able to create a reinforcing structure patient‐specific, more reliable, structurally optimized, and faster than conventional methods.Materials and MethodsTo evaluate mechanical performances of 3D‐printed fiberglass, mechanical characterization of 3D‐printed material was performed. Before proceeding with the realization of the final prosthesis, five specimens were created on which the tensile test and volumetric fiber content measurement were performed. Then denture reinforcement 3D printing process began. Initially, the robot prints layers of fiber. Finally, the obtained 3D‐printed reinforcement structure was finalized in the lab.ResultsThe prosthesis obtained through this process was lighter than a traditional prosthesis, there was a greater chemical adhesion between resin and 3D‐printed reinforcement structure and a better result was obtained from an esthetic point of view.ConclusionsThe outcomes we obtained endorse its performance both mechanical and esthetic. The entire process is automatic and does not require human operation thanks to specific software programming.

Soft Tissue Defect Reconstruction and Lymphatic Complications Prevention: The Lymphatic Flow-Through (LyFT) Concept.

Background and Objectives: When a lymphatic-rich area is severely damaged, either after trauma or a surgical procedure, both soft tissue defect reconstruction and lymphatic drainage restoration are necessary. In this setting, we aim to show the potential of the lymphatic flow-through flap (LyFT) concept, which might be an attractive new solution to reduce postoperative lymphatic complications. Materials and Methods: Between 2018 and 2021, 12 patients presenting a soft tissue defect involving damage to the lymphatic drainage pathway received a lymphatic flow-through flap for volume and lymphatic drainage restoration. Different flaps were employed: 3 pedicled superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flaps, 2 free SCIP flaps, 3 pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps, 2 pedicled vertical posteromedial thigh (vPMT) flaps, and 2 pedicled anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps. A range of 1 to 3 lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) with flap’s veins was performed (mean 1.9). For a better dead space obliteration, an additional vastus lateralis muscle flap was performed in one case. Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography was used in all cases to identify the lymphatic pathway, make the preoperative markings, and check the patency of the anastomoses. Results: In all cases, the reconstructive results were satisfactory from both the functional and aesthetic points of view. No secondary surgeries were required, and only one minor complication was encountered: an infected seroma that was managed conservatively. The mean follow-up was 9.9 months (range 6–14 months). Conclusions: Lymphatic flow-through flaps seem to effectively reduce the risk of lymphatic complications after the reconstruction of soft tissue defects with a compromised lymph pathway. This is a versatile solution that might be used in different body regions resorting to different flap types.

Tragicomic Representations in the novel “Măștile lui Brejnev” by Nicolae Spătaru

This article offers a literary analysis of existential problems, psychological dilemmas and behavioral paradigms in Nicolae Spătaru’s novel, Măștile lui Brejnev. The mechanisms by which a totalitarian society exercises its power and control over individuals and which the author has managed to capitalize on in the artistic images are highlighted. It is also surprising how the traumas and psychological tensions of the character Marcu Filipescu and his condition in Soviet society are represented, which is obviously illustrated as a character who has typical features manifested in typical circumstances. With refined humor is described the intrusion of fantastic elements in the fictional reality of the novel, which significantly contributes to the reception of both a way of understanding through the prism of artistic representations of the historical daily referred to and the reception of the novel as a whole. The author set out to appreciate from an aesthetic point of view the approached issue and the artistic images that constitute the “fictional world” of Măștile lui Brejnev novel. Therefore, the given study represents the methodological part of a critical approach that analyzes the imaginary universe created by the author of the novel.

MIRROR AS A VARIABLE FORM PROPOSAL IN CONTEMPORARY ART

Form discussions, which is one of the main reasons for the great breaks and new beginnings in art, freed the artists by moving art to an experimental field and became effective in the context of the point that today's art has reached. Although the idea of ready-made object was perceived as a kind of mediocrity and loss of aura in art in the early days, this situation, which was shaped under an aesthetic point of view, is no longer in a disadvantageous position as before. Accordingly, the pictorial descriptions of all forms of daily life, as well as the direct or associated use, started with Modernism and continued until today. While the mirror, which is one of these forms, is an image that is frequently used in oil painting descriptions, it has evolved to a conceptual level over time. It has attracted the attention of today's artists because it corresponds to reflection, reflection, showing, hiding, transforming, duplicating and many more. In this context, the methods of using the mirror as an artistic form and how it is positioned as a work of art will be discussed, and within the scope of this article, the works of contemporary artists who have mirror-oriented works will be included. As a research method, besides printed sources, images of artists and works of art will be examined and transferred via internet-based data.

Jaunu formu meklējumi e-teātrī: pandēmijas laika pieredze

The time of the Covid-19 pandemic stopped the theatre process and opened the way for new forms and techniques in the virtual environment, updating the concept of e-theatre. The research of these processes from an aesthetic point of view has also stimulated the development of a new discourse in Latvian theatre science, analyzing the technical solution of virtual or e-productions, the impact on viewers, as well as other aspects related to theatrical manifestations in the virtual environment. The aim of the article is to provide an overview of the aesthetic strategies and means of expression in Latvian e-theatre, researching this process from a semiotic approach (performance signs and sign systems in the virtual environment), as well as a phenomenological take (the impact of e-performances on the spectator). In the spring of 2020, soon after the Covid-19 restrictions, virtual experiments quickly developed in Latvian theatre. In the context of the global pandemic caused by Covid-19, we can talk about a complete transition of the theatre to a virtual space, forcibly changing the forms of performances to digital formats that do not require viewers and actors to be in the same room. At the same time, this forced transition of the theatre to the digital environment is connected with other risks, such as the natural competition between e-theatre and other virtual content on the internet. The author of the article offers an in-depth analysis of three different Latvian e-theatre performances, offering an overlook of the trends of digital theatre.

Posoperatorio de labioplastia de reducción de labios menores mediante técnica de incisión simple con láser CO2

Objective: To determine the postoperative results of the reduction of labia minora using the simple incision technique with CO2 laser, in the period August 2015 - April 2016, in the city of Valencia, Carabobo State. Methods: Descriptive, non-experimental and field study. The sample consisted of 50 patients who attended the gynecology consultation. The technique of direct observation, filling of the clinical history, and evaluation at 7 days postoperatively was used for data collection. Results: Once the data were analyzed, it was obtained as results that the average age of the patients was 32.68 years. Among the postoperative symptoms, 8% reported burning in the operative area in the first 24 hours. Postoperative complications were as follows: bruising 4% and dehiscence 2%. 98% of patients felt satisfied or very satisfied with the process. Conclusion: Complications are minor with the simple incision technique with CO2 laser, it is safe and satisfactory results were obtained. It also allows to dry out the hyperchromic area of the edge of the lips that, in most cases, tends to bother from the aesthetic point of view. The benefits of the tool include better healing, fewer postoperative symptoms and faster recovery. Keywords: Labioplasty, Laser CO2, Reduction technique labia minora, Postoperative labioplasty.

Digital planning protocol for functional and esthetic prosthetic treatment.

The aim of this study was to present the different stages of prosthetic treatment planning involved in the design of an esthetic smile and improving masticatory function using CAD/CAM technology. The patient underwent the following tests and procedures: CBCT cone beam computed tomography (CS9300, Carestream, USA), intraoral scans and occlusal detection (CS3600, Carestream, USA), a portrait session (Nikon D610, Tokyo, Japan), a face scan (Bellus 3D FaceApp, iPhone XS, Apple ) and registration of individual TMJ angles and mandibular movements with a Zebris for Ceramill device (Amman Girrbach, Germany). All the data were transferred to a Ceramill Mind software (Amman Girrbach, Germany) where they were integrated. The face scan and photos were superimposed on the CBCT. Scans of the dental arches were combined with the CBCT. On this CBCT basis, position of the condyles in the articular fossae was determined.. A Virtual Artex CR articulator (Amann Girrbach, Germany) was attached to the 3D object. Individual TMJ angles and mandibular movements were then introduced. A virtual patient was created in the Ceramil Mind software. The optimal shape and position of each tooth were designed into the programme The wax-up was printed using a 3D printer and a temporary mock-up and final restoration were made for the patient. In te same time, the aesthetics of the smile was improved and a harmonious central occlusion and articulation were obtained on virtual models and in in the patient's oral cavity. The presented digital planning protocol allows to work out an optimal solution in complicated patient cases from a functional and aesthetic point of view.

Multifarious nature in Bharathy’s Lyrical Literature

This article, entitled as 'Multifarious nature in Bharathy’s Lyrical Literature', serves as a research paper for the seminar organized with the aim of exploring the diversity of Tamil grammar and literature and exposing the multifarious nature of Tamil. There are a lot of rich literatures in Tamil that express diversity in the field of Grammar and Literature. However, in the field of Tamil grammatical literature, Bharathiyar's poetic literature excel in simplicity, sweetness, novelty and revolution which are conceptual and multifarious. In that respect, this article is designed to examine the contribution of Bharathi's poetry for the richness of Tamil literature in certain contexts. In particular, Bharathi's Tamil poetry is characterized by simple language, attractive poetry, feminist songs, theological devotional songs, and poems that are in tune with the fine arts. The essence of this research study consists of the Multifaceted Specialties of Poetic Excellence from a linguistic point of view such as Pride of Tamil language, Mother Language Obsession and Poetic Specialization, the Diverse Ideas from a feminist point of view such as The Pride of Women, Women’s Rights, Female Liberation and the concept of ‘Puthumai Pen’, Religious and philosophical views from the Theological perspectives such as Theological Thoughts, Devotional Norms (Bhakthi Neri), Glory of power (Shakthi Mahimai) and Specialty Poetic Versus from an aesthetic point of view reflecting Theological Dance Bond, Poetic style suitable for dance and ‘Shakthi Koothu’.

Lavani The Folk Dance Of Maharashtra: A Study In Aesthetic

Maharashtra is land of culture and history, its history reveals the great Maratha ruled this land and these great men had affinity with the arts and dance culture of Maharashtra. No other form of dance culture and literature remains limited to particular area or region. In the course of time art and culture becomes part of remaining part of world. Same is the case of Lavani it came from different part but becomes the popular and folk dance of Maharashtra. At the beginning it was performed by the lower caste women but time has changed its role it became very popular form of literature of social reforms. Beside sensuality, beauty and shringar it appealed the masses to change the attitude of caste and other issues. During the time of Peshwas Lavani came to the doorstep of palace and castle. Time has modified into two forms Fadachi and Baithkichi Lavani both are existed on today in the society and still enjoyed by the masses. The main purpose of this paper is to comment on the Lavani as folk dance of Maharashtra from the aesthetic point of view.

Semiotics and Poetics of the Road in Ferdinand Oyono's <i>Old Negro and the Medal</i>

In the novel, even if it is not turned primarily towards the road as in the road novels, the road is a real space-binding whose evocation triggers the immediate perception of the other literary categories such as time, character and narration. The road is also said to be a chronotope, that is to say a literary category of form and content whose study requires the mastery of the interactional functioning of "time-space" and of the other literary categories that contribute to its semantization. But, before any poetic consideration, the road is a linguistic sign whose sociological significance as a system of communication is revealed by semiology and semiotics. As for the novelistic fiction, it reveals this linguistic sign as a complex of presuppositions which is never neutral because, like any space, the road can be connoted positively or negatively and thus determine the movement or the actions of the actants and the circulation of the objects in a given fictional universe. In Ferdinand Oyono's The Old Negro and the Medal, an anti-colonial African novel, the semiotic and poetic analysis of the chronotope "road" begins with an interrogation of its structure and functioning. The road is above all that which, vertically, connects the indigenous neighborhoods and the European neighborhood, but it also designates all those tracks, paths and alleys which, horizontally, connect the indigenous spaces to each other. From the point of view of the functioning of the road, it symbolizes the antagonistic relationships between the African and Western worlds, between the colonized and the colonists. It is euphoric when it leads the old Negro to the commander's house in a friendly manner and very dysphoric when it powerlessly witnesses the drama of the former. As a connecting space, the road counts in the relationship of domination of the natives by the settlers. From an aesthetic point of view, the road is a category of the narrative treated with manner and style in The Old Negro and the Medal. It is evoked not only in a tight and digestible way, that is, in a brachylogical way, but also treated stylistically by the writer in order to increase the level of affectivity in the readers. The writing of the road, thus, creates a literary form in Ferdinand Oyono's novel that can be interpreted as the expression of the social dialectic or even the Manichean vision of the colonial world.

Idyll and fissure – Ivo Kalinski's poetological texts about kajkavian children's poetry 1992 - 2003

The topic of this paper is the analysis of a series of nine texts by Ivo Kalinski dedicated to the Dragutin Domjanić Festivity of Kajkavian Children's Poetry, which is held in Sveti Ivan Zelina. The articles were written each year from 1992 to 2003 and published in the book “Anatomija kmice ili Umjetnina teksta – zanos i tjeskoba“ (2004). These are poetological articles in which Kalinski makes various observations about children's poetic texts, from which his starting points will be extracted in order to gain insight into his description and prescription of elementary school children's poetry. As the academic papers predicts, most of the poems thematize the closest environment of children, from family, house and yard, through the landscape, flora and fauna of the homeland, to the opening of themes of work and transience. In this way, nativeness is manifested as the core topos of children's poetry, significant because of the constitution of their identity, and excessively present because of their short and narrow life experience. But while the academic papers do not question children's thematization of the homeland from an aesthetic point of view, Kalinski writes about it and evaluates such works. Although other researchers of children's poetry do not see that there could be any steps beyond the horizon of nativeness, either in terms of content or form, Kalinski challenges the traditional approach here as well. Namely, in a series of examples, he points to the innovation of themes (social, emotional, spiritual) and to original poetic procedures, both in composition and in the lexic that deviates from the traditional props. Kalinski thus argues that in the more successful poems there is a split in both the poetic subject and the art, which leads the poetic creativity of young people in the direction of reflection, and points to a postmodern sensibility. In conclusion, in his texts, Kalinski provides a coherent and consistent poetics of Kajkavian children's poetry, which is based on nativeness, but conscious authors manage to establish an emotional connection between expression and content, which creates authentic texts that move off the beaten and uninteresting paths and affirm the authentic children's voice as a poetic and conceptual novelty.

동굴벽화의 미학 : 동굴과 인간도상의 그로테스크를 중심으로

This paper aims to study cave paintings from an aesthetic point of view. Even though cave paintings are human artworks, researches only have been conducted from the religious, archaeological, and ecological perspectives. Therefore, it is worth studying the aesthetics of cave paintings as works of art. The main features of cave paintings are the fact that the exhibition hall is a cave rather than a white cube, and that the human iconographies are combined with other living things. Compared to general exhibition halls and iconographies of humans, those of cave paintings are unique. The inside of the cave is dark and humid, and the surface of the walls is uneven. Human figures drawn on the cave walls are combined with animals, plants, or unknown creatures. As these variations of cave interiors and human iconographies are difficult to define, predict, or imagine, viewers are puzzled and frightened. The most suitable aesthetic concept for the art work of cave paintings with these characteristics is the grotesque. The word grotesque comes from the Italian word 'grotta', meaning cave, and was first used in a 15th-century painting found in the basement of a Roman palace. According to Wolfgang Kaiser's study on the use of the word 'grotesque' in German and French, the key symbol of the grotesque is the figure of a monstrous creature, a chaotic mixture of animals, foliage, and humans in distorted proportions. Thus, the grotesque can be defined as the collapse and unfamiliar change of the world, which was familiar to us and operated according to a fixed order, is engulfed in confusion. The cave gives viewers a sense of unfamiliarity through its features of low illumination and uneven walls, which are different from general exhibition spaces. The human figure in the cave paintings is a combination of animals, plants, and something unknown to the human body that the viewer encounters daily, giving the viewer confusion. The implications of this thesis are to study cave paintings from an aesthetic point of view. And the cave paintings are grotesque works of art that cause eerie and bewildering emotions in the viewer. Also, although the concept of grotesque was formed in the 15th century, there are some artworks made before the 15th century, such as cave paintings, to which the grotesque is applied. Therefore, this study argues that it is necessary to expand the scope of research on grotesque.

Cirugía plástica periodontal en traumatismo dentoalveolar

The clinical case is presented of an 18 year old female patient who was seen at the Dentistry Department of the Central Hospital of the Armed Forces, due to a dentoalveolar traumatism, as a consequence of which she presented a complete coronary fracture at cervical level of tooth 12, intrusion and fracture of the vestibular table leaving as sequel, the loss of the crown and an important gingival defect.  A multidisciplinary treatment plan was elaborated achieving very satisfactory results both from the functional and esthetic point of view. After the endodontic treatment and the fabrication of a temporary crown, the patient is referred to the Periodontics Service for the resolution of the gingival defect. This is the most challenging stage due to the type of recession at the site and the low predictability of root coverage to be expected in such a situation. Subepithelial connective tissue is used using the periodontal plastic surgery techniques of Zabalegui tunneling combined with Hurzeler.   Received for review: April 2021Accepted for publication: October 2021Correspondence: Batallón “Ituzaingó” de Infantería Nº 7. Av. Viera s/n. Salto, Uruguay. Tel.: (+598) 4733 5297 – 4733 2193.  Contact e-mail: nataliapanissa77@gmail.com                             

Investigating the Effect of Fabric and Lamination-Foam Properties on the Air Permeability of Laminated Headrest Fabrics

In automotive industry, vehicle seat has been came first to mind at beginning of components that is encounter directly with customer. The customers have many expectations in terms of aesthetics, functionality and comfort from the seats of vehicle. When considering comfort in car seats, backrest, cushion, headrest foam and upholstery are the place of at the top of the list. The seat upholstery in vehicle has a composite structure by including fabric, lamination foam and backing scrim. This composite structure is combined with the foam by using techniques such as traditional method or in-situ technology. In traditional method, the upholstery is trimmed on the product’s foam. In in-situ technology, PU is injected into ready-placed upholstery. The advantage of in-stu technology is to make a perfect trimming for curved foam designs. Especially in headrest, it is preferred concave shapes for distance that effects on comfort and also safety between the driver's head and the seat headrest. In in-situ process, an overflow failure may occure from the upholstery surface of injected foam including polyurethane (PU) with high pressure during process. Overflow failure is not required by main automobile producers for aesthetical aspect and quality point of view. In this study, it is evaluated the effect of lamination foam and fabric in composite structure on overflow failure. In evaluation of overflow behaviour of PU injected foam, fabric types and lamination foam types were tested regarding weight measurement, peeling strength and air permeability. Final products as headrest were obseved by 40x microscop to evaluate the overflow failure.

Three-Dimensional Printing Fashion Product Design with Emotional Durability Based on Korean Aesthetics

Given the potentially significant environmental impacts of fashion design, various design approaches are required to extend product lifespan. Digital design methods may play an essential role in reducing the environmental impact of products and production processes. In addition, a design approach inspired by nature, where humans have long lived, is valid for sustainable design innovation. The purpose of this study is to examine the aesthetics of Koreans, who prefer nature, and to find a sustainable fashion design approach by using it as a knowledge database. In this study, a parametric design methodology that can reflect knowledge-based data in the process of producing 3D printing sustainable fashion products, considering the emotional durability of consumers, was used. The study results are as follows. From the aesthetic point of view of Korea, sustainable design characteristics represent unique Korean folk art, resilience to nature, and simplicity that resembles nature. The properties of the form represented to “forms resembling nature”, “changeable forms”, “organic forms”, and “minimal forms”. Materials were “nature inspired textures”, “rustic natural materials”, and “regional materials”. Colors were “the colors of nature” and “indigenous colors”. The parametric controls variables used for 3D printing the fashion products were size, assembly style, and sustainable material. These control parameters were used to create designs according to the individual taste of users. In the 3D printing fashion product design process, pieces were printed in different shapes and sizes by controlling the parameters to create designs according to users’ tastes and Korean aesthetics. It was determined that this process could extend the lifespan of products, and that it is possible to modify sustainable fashion products according to personal taste by adjusting numerical values and extracting visual images based on knowledge of art and culture.

Colonial Bungalow Design in the Twenty-First Century Karachi: A Cultural Identity Basis for Architectural Identity of Pakistan

Culture; the essence of Pakistan’s independence of 1947; has been impacted by various ideologies and civil powers like Mughals, Sikhs, Hindus, and most influential Britishers who ruled the land long before the country got its independence. Karachi, the port city of Pakistan has particularly attracted many powers for economic benefits, dominantly Britishers who later took over the land. Britishers brought the Bungalow-compound complex as a permanent residence typology due to their long stay in the city. The importation and transformation of this new housing typology have framed the architectural identity of Pakistan and have defined the lifestyle of its citizens, which is a cultural synthesis between the East and the West. Though the Bungalow design in Karachi has evolved with time as per the native’s culture and needs having different plot sizes, shapes/forms, open/built ratio, space arrangements, and materials that have changed its overall aesthetic point of view but the core remain the same. This research aims to analyse the British reign in pre-independence India through their socio-cultural, economic, and political influence on bungalow design and its transformation over time in the context of Karachi, Pakistan, i.e., Western influence combined with modernity. Keywords: Cultural Identity, Architectural Identity, Colonial Bangalows, Twenty- First Century Bangalows, Karachi