Aesthetic Planning Research Articles

Trial insertion procedure for milled lithium disilicate restorations in the precrystallized state

A treatment protocol with lithium disilicate restorations and a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabrication process is proposed for the restoration of teeth in the esthetic zone. The technique involves trial insertion of restorations at the precrystallized stage, allowing verification of the marginal fit and evaluation of the internal adaptation and overall esthetic plan to ensure an optimal clinical result for the definitive restorations. Furthermore, this procedure allows most adjustments to the lithium disilicate ceramic to be made before crystallization and minimizes potential surface and subsurface damage to the definitive restorations.

A Geriatric Patient: Age Is Not a Factor

Objective. A patient presented to the dental office expressing dissatisfaction with the appearance of his teeth, and as a result, of his smile. Our objective was to satisfy his initial chief complaint: “I don't like how my teeth look when I smile.” Methodology. Upon completing all initial exams and consultations, an esthetic dental treatment plan was formulated and agreed upon by both the practitioners and the patient. Results. The patient received periodontal treatment first to create esthetic gingival margins. Anterior ceramic crowns followed. Conclusion. The results surpassed all patient's expectations.

Oncological and Aesthetic Considerations of Conservational Surgery for Multifocal/Multicentric Breast Cancer

Conventional indications for mastectomy (MX) reflect circumstances where breast conserving therapy (BCT) could compromise oncological or cosmetic outcome. MX continues to be recommended for the majority of women with multiple lesions within the same breast. In this article, we review the oncological safety and aesthetic considerations of BCT in the context of multifocal (MF) or multicentric (MC) breast cancer. Literature review facilitated by Medline and PubMed databases. Published studies have reported divergent results regarding the oncological adequacy of BCT in the management of MF or MC disease. Earlier studies demonstrated high rates of local recurrence (LR) for BCT. More recent series have found BCT to be comparable to MX in terms of LR, distant failure, disease free and overall survival. Few studies have adequately evaluated cosmetic outcomes following BCT for MF or MC breast cancer. Contemporary oncoplastic techniques have extended the clinical utility of BCT and are of particular relevance to breast conservation in the context of MF or MC lesions. Appropriate case selection, preoperative oncological and aesthetic planning, satisfactory clearance of the surgical margins and adjuvant radiotherapy are of paramount importance. In the absence of level-1 guidance concerning the management of women with MF or MC disease, each case requires discussion with regard to tumor and patient related factors in the context of the multidisciplinary team. In selected patients with MF or MC disease, BCT is oncologically safe and cosmetically acceptable. Uniformity of practice and the establishment of a standard of care will require an evidence-base from prospective studies.

“Chasing Rainbows” in Albany: City Beautiful, City Practical 1900-1925

From 1900 to 1921 Albany, New York was run by a Republican machine embarrassed by an unsightly and unsanitary riverfront. Graft, engineering concerns, state mandates, and intractable railroads shaped an initial plan that was vetoed by the governor. Moving forward from this debacle, the machine hired Arnold Brunner, who developed a plan for Albany in the City Beautiful idiom. When the Democrats took over in 1922, they repudiated aesthetic planning as “chasing rainbows.” However, practical and aesthetic discourses coexisted, serving different audiences and purposes, and each served in different ways to legitimate a vision of comprehensive planning in the early 1920s.

Advanced botulinum toxin techniques against wrinkles in the upper face

The use of botulinum toxin type A for facial rejuvenation is one of the most common procedure in esthetic medicine. Overall clinical and study experience with botulinum toxin type A for facial enhancement has confirmed that it is effective and safe even in the long term. The different injection techniques, the starting doses, the sex, the dilution, and the storing of the product, nevertheless, may influence the final result of the treatment. In this article we propose some recommendations including general principles as well as information about its specific use. Perhaps one of the most important perspectives is that, based on a well-established knowledge of the technique, individualized esthetic planning is the key to success. This depends on a precise understanding of the underlying anatomy and physiology of the individual muscles and their interactions, as well as on individual patient's characteristics, including goals and expectations.

From Memory to Memorial: Representative Men in the Sculpture of Daniel Chester French

The civilized and genteel tone of art critic Adeline Adams captures a fading historical and cultural moment that she recovers in this memory of American beaux-arts sculpture, fitfully described in a contemporary exhibition brochure as employing “the classical or Renaissance figural type, stripped of idealization and infused with baroque exuberance in composition,” and “combined with a purely nineteenth-century insistence on accuracy in surface detail.” Despite this sculptural syncretism, Adams's assessment evokes the high civic and didactic role that American public sculpture played toward the end of the nineteenth century, and her memory is even more poignant given the fact that Daniel Chester French, born in 1850, would be dead within two years of her commentary. A modest and contemporary survey of his sculpture thus might help us understand the totalizing effect that the City Beautiful Movement held for a short time in terms of aesthetic urban planning. French ranked among Frederick Law Olmstead, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, and other architects and artists “to influence the heart, mind, and purse of the citizen,” as William H. Wilson simply puts it. Confronted by industry, urbanization, and immigrants, those harried and long-time residents of Adeline Adams's American urbs were reminded as they rounded street corners and ascended the steps of civic institutions that a kind of classical beauty and simplicity still existed, and that a small corps of artists and urban planners wanted to keep it that way.

Padrões cefalométricos de Ricketts aplicados a indivíduos brasileiros com oclusão excelente

OBJETIVO: avaliar cefalometricamente os 33 fatores cefalométricos, em norma lateral, dos 6 campos da análise de Ricketts em brasileiros e compará-los aos padrões cefalométricos de americanos. METODOLOGIA: foram avaliados75 indivíduos brasileiros leucodermas, com idade variando entre 12 e 15 anos, considerados de melhor estética, equilíbrio, harmonia facial e, principalmente, portadores de oclusão dentária excelente, selecionados em uma triagem de 14.000 escolares de 1º e 2º grau da região de Marília, Assis e Ourinhos/SP. Todos os 33 fatores das medidas cefalométricas dos 75 indivíduos foram comparados com os resultados obtidos por Ricketts em uma amostra de leucodermas americanos e submetidos a tratamento estatístico. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: foi possível concluir que 1) em nível esquelético, a maxila teve um comportamento dentro dos padrões preconizados pelo autor e a mandíbula teve uma tendência ao crescimento mais horizontal, tanto no seu corpo como no seu ramo; 2) a nível dentário, os incisivos inferiores se posicionaram mais anteriormente e com inclinação maior, o trespasse horizontal, vertical e a extrusão dos incisivos inferiores também estavam sensivelmente aumentados, provavelmente pela tendência ao crescimento horizontal da mandíbula; 3) o lábio inferior, em relação ao plano estético "E" de Ricketts, teve um posicionamento mais anterior em comparação ao padrão preconizado pelo autor; 4) os desvios clínicos na maioria dos fatores foram bem maiores nos brasileiros, em relação aos americanos, provavelmente devido à maior miscigenação nos leucodermas brasileiros.

Reconstructive Hair Transplantation of the Face and Scalp

Quantum leap advancements in hair transplantation have occurred in the past 10 to 15 years, particularly the use of micrografts (one- to two-hair follicular unit grafts) and minigrafts (three- to four-hair follicular unit grafts) used in large numbers (> 1000 grafts) in a single session (megasession). This was initially described for the treatment of male pattern baldness. Since that time I have found many other applications, particularly in facial and scalp reconstruction. Common causes for aesthetic reconstructive hair restoration in my experience include: hair loss due to facelift and forehead lift procedures, revision of unsatisfactory results from previous hair transplantation, burn alopecia, congenital reasons, postoncological resections, and idiopathic. The basic technique is described in detail, including the variations for each of the challenging anatomic areas including sideburns and temporal hairline, eyebrows, eyelashes, mustache, beard, and remaining scalp. Especial attention is given to the direction of hair growth, texture, aesthetic planning, and absence of detectable scars, so as to mimic nature. The use of micrografts and minigrafts in the aesthetic reconstruction of the face and scalp has been found to be safe and predictable and has provided a high level of patient satisfaction.

The use of micrografts and minigrafts in the aesthetic reconstruction of the face and scalp.

Hair transplantation by use of micrografts (one- to two-hair follicular unit grafts) and minigrafts (three- to four-hair follicular unit grafts) used in large numbers (>1000 grafts) in a single session was initially described for the treatment of male pattern baldness. More recently, the author has found many other applications, particularly in facial and scalp reconstruction. The most common causes for aesthetic hair restoration of those areas in the author's experience include hair loss resulting from aesthetic facial rejuvenation surgery, revision of unsatisfactory results from previous hair transplantation, burn alopecia, congenital reasons, and hair loss after oncologic resections. The basic technique is described in detail, with variations given for each of the challenging anatomic areas, including the sideburns and temporal hairline, eyebrows, eyelashes, mustache, beard, and remaining scalp. Special attention is given to the direction of hair growth, hair texture, aesthetic planning, and absence of detectable scars, in order to mimic nature and to result in a minimal number of procedures. The use of micrografts and minigrafts in the aesthetic reconstruction of the face and scalp has been found to be safe and predictable, and has provided a high level of patient satisfaction.

Millennium Urbanism - Discursive Planning

For many years there has been substantial urban political and economic interest in exploiting the use of cultural and aesthetic planning in order to improve the position of cities, within an expanding inter-urban competition. Built environments, places and spaces, have been regenerated in order to exploit their aesthetic, cultural, and historical significance so as to enhance commercial, consumption and public value, either for their citizens and/or tourists and capital. To date, discussions on urban planning have mostly ignored the fact that this ‘millennium urbanism’ also requires a lot of ‘discursive planning’, especially about the production of a place-identity and an urban imaginary. Discursive planning means staging the social meaning of urban space through texts, photographs, and visual signs. Aesthetic urban planning is not only about creating ambient surroundings, but also creating images, symbolic representations, and fantasies discursively using books and advertising, newspapers and television, research, and political agendas. These discursive practices are used to signify an identifiable and/or imaginary place-identity to form a sense of place or feeling of belonging to place. The article first discusses the theoretical relationship between discursive planning and representational space. The ‘how’ of discursive planning will be exemplified using the Environmental City Programme in Oslo, Norway as a case-study. I conclude by discussing how this form of urban planning needs a reflexive and semiotic community.

Aesthetic planning and design control in Norway

Aesthetic planning and design control in Norway

Aesthetic planning and design control in Norway

Aesthetic planning and design control in Norway

A City Beautiful plan for Canada's capital: Edward Bennett and the 1915 plan for Ottawa and Hull

The 1915 Report of the Federal Plan Commission on a General Plan for the Cities of Ottawa and Hull was one of Canada's first comprehensive plans. It was prepared by Edward Bennett, a leading City Beautiful architect, who combined both technical and aesthetic planning. Bennett employed some of the most advanced techniques of the day, similar to the 1909 Plan of Chicago. The 1915 Ottawa-Hull plan is almost unknown today, since it was shelved shortly after it was released. The plan was dogged by a fire in the Parliament Buildings, a European war, poor implementation provisions and reaction against its City Beautiful urban design recommendations. Nevertheless, many of its technical recommendations were implemented by the National Capital Commission over forty years later.

Corrugator Supercilii Muscle Resection Through Blepharoplasty Incision

Corrugator supercilii muscle resection through an upper blepharoplasty incision, with or without concomitant blepharoplasty, is suitable for patients who have significant corrugator hyperactivity and deep frown lines without eyebrow or forehead ptosis. This procedure is also appropriate for patients who decline a forehead rhytidectomy. After infiltration of local anesthesia with intravenous sedation, skin and fat are excised when a concurrent blepharoplasty is planned. The plane between the orbicularis oculi muscle and the orbital septum is dissected until the corrugator supercilii muscle is exposed. This muscle is identified immediately cephalad to the medial half of the superior orbital rim. The muscle is resected carefully to prevent injury to the supratrochlear nerve medially and the supraorbital nerve laterally. The resultant depression is eliminated with fat removed during the blepharoplasty, or fat or dermis from other sites should the aesthetic plan not include eyelid surgery. Eight patients, seven females and one male, underwent this procedure. The follow-up period ranged from 11 to 19 months, with a mean of 14.5 months. Patients' ages ranged from 25 to 66 years, with a mean of 51.3 years. A scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being excellent, was used to rate postoperative appearance, producing a mean of 4.25. The advantages of fewer skin incisions, less tissue mobilization, and a direct approach to the origin of the problem make this procedure a valuable adjunct to the cosmetic surgery armamentarium.

Corrugator supercilii muscle resection through blepharoplasty incision.

Corrugator supercilii muscle resection through an upper blepharoplasty incision, with or without concomitant blepharoplasty, is suitable for patients who have significant corrugator hyperactivity and deep frown lines without eyebrow or forehead ptosis. This procedure is also appropriate for patients who decline a forehead rhytidectomy. After infiltration of local anesthesia with intravenous sedation, skin and fat are excised when a concurrent blepharoplasty is planned. The plane between the orbicularis oculi muscle and the orbital septum is dissected until the corrugator supercilii muscle is exposed. This muscle is identified immediately cephalad to the medial half of the superior orbital rim. The muscle is resected carefully to prevent injury to the supratrochlear nerve medially and the supraorbital nerve laterally. The resultant depression is eliminated with fat removed during the blepharoplasty, or fat or dermis from other sites should the aesthetic plan not include eyelid surgery. Eight patients, seven females and one male, underwent this procedure. The follow-up period ranged from 11 to 19 months, with a mean of 14.5 months. Patients' ages ranged from 25 to 66 years, with a mean of 51.3 years. A scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being excellent, was used to rate postoperative appearance, producing a mean of 4.25. The advantages of fewer skin incisions, less tissue mobilization, and a direct approach to the origin of the problem make this procedure a valuable adjunct to the cosmetic surgery armamentarium.

Rhinoplasty with nasal bone disarticulation to deepen the nasofrontal groove: Experimental and clinical results

Deepening of the nasofrontal groove is considered a fiddly task. The unwonted chisel ostectomy technique (Skoog, 1974; McCarthy, 1990; Aiach and Levignac, 1991) was therefore modified and evaluated both experimentally and clinically. The hump is removed in one piece together with the nasal bones up to the horizontal part of the frontonasal suture. To accomplish this, the reduction osteotomy has to be performed in a wave line fashion. The depth of resection in the sellion area depends upon the aesthetic planning. In cases with most severe hypertrophy, the osteotome enters the vertical frontonasal suture behind the nasal bones and in front of the nasal spine of the frontal bone. The nasal bones are disarticulated with a levering movement. Cadaver studies demonstrate the safety of the technique: no fracture lines were detected in the frontal process of the maxilla, ethmoid, frontal or lacrimal bones, by either clinical inspection, or by standardised radiological examination. The clinical cases show a convincing outcome.

Comparing Preferences of Neighbors and a Neighborhood Design Review Board

Because of increases in participatory, neighborhood, and aesthetic planning, nondesigners are being asked to anticipate architectural preferences of other nondesigners. Neighborhood design review boards are a case in point. This study compared the preferences of a neighborhood design review board to the preferences of other demographic subpopulations. It was found that the overall correlations between the preferences of the review board and the preferences of other respondent groups were statistically significant. However, it was also found that the correspondence between the review board and other people decreased when individual projects and specific design criteria were compared.

Aesthetic Factors in Planning and Design of Libby Dam

Details of the aesthetic and environmental planning and design of the Libby Dam project in Northwestern Montana are presented. Libby Dam is 3,000 ft long, 420 ft high, and contains 4,000,000 cu yd of concrete. It is a beautiful mountain valley and a major effort was and is being made in design and construction to minimize the impact of this massive structure on its environment. A comprehensive landscape plan for the dam and its immediate vicinity was developed by a prominent consulting architect. Considerable attention was given to accommodation and movement of the visiting public. Details of theses concepts are presented as in a design flow chart of the aesthetic and environmental planning process. The cost of project structures at the damsite is $139,000,000.

Aesthetic principles and general planning of educational exhibitions*

Aesthetic principles and general planning of educational exhibitions*

Aesthetic principles and general planning of educational exhibitions

(1965). Aesthetic principles and general planning of educational exhibitions. Museum International: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 1-59.