Esthetic Conditions Research Articles

Physics of fractional microneedle radiofrequency - A review.

Fractional microneedle radiofrequency (RF) is a novel device that is gaining popularity in the treatment of many esthetic and dermatological conditions. The encouraging effectiveness and side-effect profile, along with little or no recovery time makes it an attractive therapeutic option. The device allows non-thermal penetration of microneedles into the dermis followed by RF-induced coagulation. The aim of this article is to provide a thorough understanding of the working principle and physics of this technology so that the clinicians can modulate its various parameters for effective treatment of a variety of dermatological conditions in all skin types. Methods used for locating, selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data include usage of key words such as microneedling, fractional, and RF using multiple search engines such as PubMed and Google search. Multiple articles were surveyed and finally, 30 articles including a few chapters from the textbook were refined into our search. This article is an attempt to simplify the physics of fractional microneedling RF.

CHALLENGES OF MANDIBLE CENTRAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA TREATMENT: A CASE REPORT

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is considered to be a rare benign intraosseous lesion of unknown etiology, that is non-neoplastic but locally aggressive, and is present in gnathic bones. This study aimed to present the challenges of a CGCG treatment. A 27-year-old woman was referred for treatment of CGCG in the mandible. Clinical examination, panoramic X-ray, and cone-beam tomography revealed a large lesion involving the right posterior region of the mandible, causing facial asymmetry. The lesion was initial treated with 18 sessions of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide infiltrations. There was a partial response in forming the basal cortical bone. After, a surgical procedure fully enucleated the lesion. After 6 years, radiographic exams showed adequate bone formation, and a third approach was performed for rehabilitation with implants and prothesis. After 9 years of follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic, showing satisfactory functional and esthetic conditions. Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is considered to be a rare benign intraosseous lesion of unknown etiology, that is non-neoplastic but locally aggressive, and is present in gnathic bones. This study aimed to present the challenges of a CGCG treatment. A 27-year-old woman was referred for treatment of CGCG in the mandible. Clinical examination, panoramic X-ray, and cone-beam tomography revealed a large lesion involving the right posterior region of the mandible, causing facial asymmetry. The lesion was initial treated with 18 sessions of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide infiltrations. There was a partial response in forming the basal cortical bone. After, a surgical procedure fully enucleated the lesion. After 6 years, radiographic exams showed adequate bone formation, and a third approach was performed for rehabilitation with implants and prothesis. After 9 years of follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic, showing satisfactory functional and esthetic conditions.

Developmental Enamel Defects in Children from the Southern Region of Ecuador.

Developmental defects of enamel (DDEs) are widely observed in children and are related to the appearance of dental caries, malocclusion, tooth sensitivity, and unfavorable esthetic conditions. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of enamel defects present in children aged 6 to 12 years in the provinces located in southern Ecuador. A total of 1606 schoolchildren were examined under the World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of DDEs. The results are presented using percentage frequency measures and chi-square associations. Some types of DDEs were presented by 50% of the schoolchildren, mainly diffuse opacity, with no statistical differences according to place of residence and/or environment, sex, and age (p > 0.05). In Ecuador, it is necessary to carry out studies on the factors that trigger enamel defects, since they may be associated with the high prevalence of caries already reported in other studies in the country.

Carboxytherapy in dermatology: A systematic review.

The overall effects of Carboxytherapy, defined as the administration of carbon dioxide, have been studied for many years. It has been suggested that by improving oxygenation, interacting with the tissue perfusion regulators, and disrupting the adipose cell membranes, the method can lead to notable improvements in different esthetic and pathological conditions. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the available studies evaluating the potential benefits of carboxytherapy in dermatological conditions and how it objectively stands against scientific scrutiny. We searched the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases, including the studies exploring the method's efficacy in managing any dermatological condition. A total 27 of studies were identified (with a pooled sample of over 700 cases), most of which were clinical trials. Facial wrinkles, periorbital hyperpigmentation, skin laxity deficiency, scars, striae distensae, localized lipolysis and cellulite, alopecia, chronic diabetic wounds, and psoriatic plaques comprised the package of the dermatological conditions that were studied. Except for a few studies, the method mainly demonstrated significant improvements on all of the mentioned conditions. The inter- and post-operational adverse events were mild and transient, including erythema, pain, crepitus, and ecchymoses. Carboxytherapy can provide those practicing in the field with sustainably favorable results. However, the numbers of cases on whom the fat-reducing capabilities of the method were studied and experienced varying degrees of recurrence caught our eye. In addition, we observed a notable disparity between the outcome measures utilized in the studies. The modest sample size in each condition also added to the injury, as the conditions on which the method was evaluated are pretty common in the general population. Therefore, for a definite conclusion, more randomized controlled trials with the shortcomings mentioned well addressed need to be conducted.

Comparison of two types of xenogeneic matrices to treat single gingival recessions: A randomized clinical trial.

Xenogeneic matrices (XMs) have been increasingly used for root coverage procedures. This study compared the use of two types of XM (collagen matrix [CM] and xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix [XDM]) associated with the coronally advanced flap technique (CAF) to treat single gingival recessions. Seventy-five patients presenting single RT1 gingival recession were treated by CAF (control group, n=25), CAF+CM (test group 1, n=25), or CAF+XDM (test group 2, n=25) and completed 6-month follow-up. Clinical, patient-centered, and esthetic assessments were performed and intra- and intergroup differences were analyzed. At 6 months, the mean recession reduction for CAF, CAF+CM, and CAF+XDM was 2.4 ± 0.8mm, 2.4 ± 0.9mm and 2.1 ± 0.8mm, respectively (P>0.05). The corresponding mean percentage of root coverage was 78.9% ± 26.2% for CAF, 78.0% ± 28.5% for CAF+CM, and 65.6% ± 26.9% for CAF+XDM (P>0.05). Dentin hypersensitivity and esthetic conditions showed significantly improvements in all groups. Test groups presented significant gains in gingival thickness (GT; CAF+CM: 0.4 ± 0.3mm; CAF+XDM: 0.4 ± 0.2mm) compared to the control group (CAF: 0.0 ± 0.1mm; P<0.05). The CAF, CAF+CM, and CAF+XDM treatments each provided similar results in the treatment of single gingival recessions. The addition of either CM or XDM to CAF increases the GT.

Therapy and aesthetics achieved by a toxin- Botulinum: A comprehensive review

Botox is a drug derived from clostridium botulinum which is the same bacteria from which food poisoning is caused. It had been accepted long back for the treatment of lines and wrinkles. The only FDA approved uses of Botox were for abnormal muscle spasms of the eyelids (blepharospasm) and crossed eyes (strabismus). Since then this botulinum A and seven other forms of the botulinum toxin, have been continuously tested and researched on the toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine (ACH) which is a neurotransmitter responsible for the activation of muscle contractions and glandular secretions, and its administration results in the reduction of tone in the injected muscles. The use of Botox is a procedure which is minimally invasive and is showing quite promising results in the management of muscle-generated dental diseases like Temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, clenching, masseter hypertrophy etc. Also being used to treat functional or esthetic dental conditions like deep nasolabial folds, radial lip lines, high lip line and black triangles between teeth and a lot more. Keywords:Botulinum Toxin, Therapeutic Uses, Aesthetic Uses, Botox , Dermal Fillers

Relationship of Oral Aesthetic Assessment according to Self Perception with Oral Malocclusion Condition of High School Students in Sidrap District, South Sulawesi Indonesia

Self-perception of dental aesthetics needs to be considered in planning orthodontic treatment because it is known that everyone has a self-perception of different oral esthetic conditions. Objective: To assess the state of malocclusion based on self-perception of dental aesthetics using the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score (OASIS); to determine the relationship of self-perceptions of oral aesthetics and the state of malocclusion from the results of clinical examinations using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Material and Methods: Research subjects were middle school students aged between 14-18 years as many as 187 students. For oral aesthetic assessment using the OASIS index questionnaire, and to evaluate the aesthetic and anatomical components of the malocclusion clinic using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Results: The prevalence of malocclusion according to Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) showed that mild / normal malocclusion (59.9%), moderate malocclusion (33.4%), severe malocclusion (5.7%), and very severe malocclusion (1%). The prevalence of self-perception of oral aesthetics was 54.6% judging good. The results of the analysis with logistic regression tests showed that there was a significant (p&lt;0.001) relationship between self-perception of oral aesthetics using the OASIS index and malocclusion status using the DAI index. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there was a significant relationship (p &lt;0.01) between oral aesthetic self perception and malocclusion status of high school students.KeywordsOral aesthetic perception; Oral aesthetic subjective impact score; Dental aesthetic index.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation in a Child with Hereditary Ectodermal Dysplasia

Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia is a disease linked to the X recessive chromosome that affects the development of tissues derived from the ectoderm. The main clinical manifestations include hypohidrosis (inability to sweat), hypotrichosis (sparse hair) and hypodontia (lack teeth). This work presents a clinical case of a 6-year old male child who had been diagnosed with hereditary ectodermal dysplasia. The treatment consisted of the fabrication of a mandibular and maxillary complete denture to improve his esthetic, functional and psychological conditions.

The Central Importance of Information in Cosmetic Surgery and Treatments.

The increase in the number of people who choose to have medical procedures done to improve their appearance may be due to changed social and cultural factors in modern society, as well to the ease of access and affordable costs of these cosmetic treatments.Today, two elements legitimate recourse to this type of treatment: the broad definition of health accepted by the law and the scientific community, and the provision of meticulous information to the entitled party previous to obtaining his or her consent. In Italy, while current case-law views treatments exclusively for cosmetic purposes as unnecessary, if not even superfluous, it nonetheless demands that providers inform clients about the actual improvement that can be expected, as well as the risks of worsening their current esthetic conditions.

B OTOX : Broadening the Horizon of Dentistry

Botox has been primarily used in cosmetic treatment for lines and wrinkles on the face, but the botulinum toxin that Botox is derived from has a long history of medically therapeutic uses. For nearly 13 years, until the introduction of Botox Cosmetic in 2002, the only FDA-approved uses of Botox were for crossed eyes (strabismus) and abnormal muscle spasms of the eyelids (blepharospasm). Since then botulinum A, and the seven other forms of the botulinum toxin, have been continuously researched and tested. Botox is a neurotoxin derived from bacterium clostridium botulinm. The toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine (ACH), a neurotransmitter responsible for the activation of muscle contraction and glandular secretion, and its administration results in reduction of tone in the injected muscle. The use of Botox is a minimally invasive procedure and is showing quite promising results in management of muscle-generated dental diseases like Temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, clenching, masseter hypertrophy and used to treat functional or esthetic dental conditions like deep nasolabial folds, radial lip lines, high lip line and black triangles between teeth.

DENTAL IMPLANTS IN EDENTULOUS PATIENTS WITH COGNITIVE DISABILITIES: CASE REPORTS

Individuals with cognitive disabilities face many barriers to oral care, often suffering from partial or complete edentulism. While the use of implant reconstruction is becoming more common in general population, such care is still being used infrequently in individuals with intellectual impairment. Because of the patients'oral hygiene practice is poor, special need is required for prosthetic design. These two cases were restored by prostheses using implants. Prosthetic modalities were different but the implants were fully osseointegrated, presenting satisfactory functional and esthetic conditions without clinical or radiographic signs of alterations or pathologies. We report that it is good for cognitive disabilities to give prosthetic treatment using implants.

Dental Student Perceptions of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery as a Specialty

The specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) encompasses the diagnosis and surgical management of a variety of pathologic, functional, and esthetic conditions of the oral and maxillofacial region. Despite the specialty's prominent role in the field of dentistry, a lack of complete understanding still remains among dental and medical health professionals as to the exact scope and expertise of the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. The present study aimed to analyze a population of dental students' perceptions of OMS as a specialty with respect to treatment rendered, referral patterns, and a general opinion of the specialty as a whole. A survey consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions was compiled and distributed to dental students through an on-line polling service (SurveyMonkey). A total of 5 dental student classes at a single dental school were polled using school-based electronic mail, including the graduating seniors. All answers were kept confidential, and no individual students were identified. The students were not able to retake the survey once completed. The final tallies of the survey results were compiled and submitted for statistical analysis. Statistically significant associations between the year of dental education and student perceptions of OMS were determined. As dental students progress through their undergraduate studies, their perceptions change with regard to the referral of dental implants. Periodontists were found to have statistically significantly greater rates of referral than oral and maxillofacial surgeons from dental students in the fourth year and recent graduates compared with younger dental students from the first, second, and third years for placement of dental implants. Statistically insignificant in terms of a changing dental student perception was the finding that third molar removal was within the domain of the oral and maxillofacial surgeon, as well as the management of cleft lip and palate deformities and mandibular fracture repair. Almost all the dental classes believed that the specialty of OMS was both medical and dental in nature and that it is a very important dental specialty. Dental student perceptions of OMS change throughout their undergraduate training. The reasons for such a change are multivariate and might include factors such as the amount of didactic training and clinical exposure. It is vital to both recognize and address this change at an undergraduate level of training in an effort to increase educated referrals to a surgeon who might provide the best treatment options for the patient. A stronger understanding of the dental students' perception of OMS provides an opportunity for the oral and maxillofacial academic faculty to better educate students and, ultimately, strengthen our specialty.

Tracionamento ortodôntico: possíveis consequências nos caninos superiores e dentes adjacentes. Parte 3: anquilose alveolodentária, reabsorção dentária por substituição, metamorfose cálcica da polpa e necrose pulpar asséptica

Canine forced eruption comprises one among a number of procedures that can be used in orthodontic treatment to ensure that cuspids are positioned in the dental arch in normal es-thetic and functional conditions. Canine forced eruption should be characterized as an orth-odontic movement. Unfortunately, in discussions of clinical orth-odontic practice some professionals are reluctant to indicate orthodontic forced eruption, especially of maxillary canines. These professionals believe that orthodontic forced eruption can cause many clinical problems during and after surgery. Among the most widely cited reasons for restricting the in-dication of orthodontic forced eruption are: 1) Lateral root resorption in lateral incisors and premolars.2) External cervical resorption of canines due to forced eruption.3) Dentoalveolar ankylosis of the canine involved in the process.4) Calcific metamorphosis of the pulp and aseptic pulp necrosis.In two previous works, we reviewed the first two topics. In this last article in the series we ad-dress the biological foundation of dentoalveolar an-kylosis, replacement resorption, calcific metamor-phosis of the pulp and aseptic necrosis cases either directly or indirectly related to the orthodontic forced eruption of canines.

Hamlet en la holocubierta (reseña)

This review presents Janet Murray’s book as a valuable document which contributes with a clearheaded investigation about expressive conditions of digital media. These conditions are related with the developments of Literature and Cinema, and provide a unique narrative form. With regard to, this article emphasizes in the fact that these esthetic conditions open the way to the construction of environments which allow personal learning to human being. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.

Root‐Coverage Procedures for the Treatment of Localized Recession‐Type Defects: A Cochrane Systematic Review

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of different root-coverage procedures in the treatment of recession-type defects. The Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched for entries up to October 2008. There were no restrictions regarding publication status or the language of publication. Only clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a duration > or = 6 months that evaluated recession areas (Miller Class I or II > or = 3 mm) that were treated by means of periodontal plastic surgery procedures were included. Twenty-four RCTs provided data. Only one trial was considered to be at low risk of bias. The remaining trials were considered to be at high risk of bias. The results indicated a significantly greater reduction in gingival recession and gain in keratinized tissue for subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs) compared to guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with bioabsorbable membranes (GTR bms). A significantly greater gain in keratinized tissue was found for enamel matrix protein compared to a coronally advanced flap (0.40 mm) and for SCTGs compared to GTR bms plus bone substitutes. Limited data exist on the changes of esthetic conditions as related to the opinions and preferences of patients for specific procedures. SCTGs, coronally advanced flaps alone or associated with other biomaterial, and GTR may be used as root-coverage procedures for the treatment of localized recession-type defects. In cases where root coverage and gain in keratinized tissue are expected, the use of SCTGs seems to be more adequate.

Can a Motivational Intervention Overcome an Unsupportive Environment for Walking—Findings from the Step-by-Step Study

Interventions to promote walking have rarely examined how their effects varied by the attributes of the physical environment. The purpose of this study is to examine whether perceptions of environmental walkability predicted change in walking behavior following an individual-based intervention to promote walking and whether the intervention buffered the effects of unsupportive environment for walking. Inactive adults (aged 30-65 years, 85% women) who completed a 3-month randomized control trial comparing the effect of a single mail-out of a theoretically based self-help walking program (WP, n = 102); the same program plus a pedometer (WPP, n = 105); and a "no-treatment" control group (C, n = 107). Measures included change in self-reported walking time for all purposes and in the proportion of people reporting regular walking (i.e., > or =150 min/week and > or =5 sessions/wk). Perceptions of environmental esthetics, safety from crime, proximity to destinations, access to walking facilities, traffic, streetlights, connectivity, and hilliness were assessed at baseline and dichotomized into "low" or "high" by the median score. Covariates were social support, self-efficacy, intention to change behavior, and sociodemographic characteristics. Adjusting for baseline walking, significant covariates, and study groups, walking time at follow-up was lower if streetlights or esthetics were perceived to be "low" (-24% and -22%, respectively) compared with "high" (p < 0.05). In "low" esthetic conditions, those in the WPP were significantly more likely than controls to increase total walking time (Exp (b) = 2.53, p < 0.01) and to undertake regular walking (OR = 5.85, 95% CI 2.60-12.2), whereas in esthetically pleasing environments, the between-group differences were nonsignificant. Walkability attributes can influence individual-based walking programs. Some environmental barriers for walking can be overcome by motivational aids.

Immediate implants placed into infected sockets: a case report with 3-year follow-up

The esthetics and functional integrity of the periodontal tissue may be compromised by dental loss. Immediate implants became a viable option to maintain the periodontal architecture because of their anatomic compatibility with the dental socket and the possibility of eliminating local contamination. This article describes the procedure of immediate implant placement in the anterior maxilla replacing teeth with chronic periapical lesions, which were condemned due to endodontic lesions persisting after failed endodontic treatment and endodontic surgery, and discusses the relationship between the procedure and periapical lesions. Surgical removal of hopeless teeth 11, 12 and 21 was performed conservatively in such a way to preserve the anatomy and gingival esthetics. A second surgical access was gained at the apical level, allowing the debridement of the surgical chamber for elimination of the periapical lesion, visual orientation for setting of the implants and filling of the surgical chamber with xenogenous bovine bone graft. After this procedure, the bone chamber was covered with an absorbent membrane and the healing screws were positioned on the implants. Later, a provisional partial removable denture was installed and the implants were inserted after 6 months. After 3 years of rehabilitation, the implants present satisfactory functional and esthetic conditions, suggesting that immediate implant placement combined with guided bone regeneration may be indicated for replacing teeth lost due to chronic periapical lesions with endodontic failure history in the anterior maxilla.

Reabilitação Protética em Paciente com Displasia Ectodérmica Hipohidrótica: Caso Clínico

The Ectodermal Dysplasia is an anomaly determined for genetic factors, capable to modify the ectodermics structures as teeth, skin, hair, nails and sweat and sebaceous glands. Have many variations of the Ectodermal Dysplasia (more than 120 types), being that, the Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia or Anidrotic X-linked chromosome is the most common type and dental care is one of the most important steps of the treatment. This article had as objective to display a clinical case of a patient of the masculine sex, 06 years of age, with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia, where its treatment consisted of the confection of a Complete Denture, in both arches, with the aim of improving the esthetic, functional and psychological conditions. This patient with the main complaint of “lack of teeth sincebirth” (sic). After anamnese, clinical and radiographic examinations, the diagnosis of Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia was established and the patient was directed for disciplines of Complete Denture with the purpose of confection two Dentures (upper/lower). The result was the rescue of the aesthetic, functional and psychological conditions of the patient, concludes that the precocious diagnosis and the prosthetic treatment are important factors for the physics, emotional and social needs of young patients with ectodermal dysplasia. The completure denture established a treatment option of oral rehabilitation for improved the masticatory and interrupted of digital suction.

Effects of Visible Light on the Skin†

Electromagnetic radiation has vast and diverse effects on human skin. Although photobiologic studies of sunlight date back to Sir Isaac Newton in 1671, most available studies focus on the UV radiation part of the spectrum. The effects of visible light and infrared radiation have not been, until recently, clearly elucidated. The goal of this review is to highlight the effects of visible light on the skin. As a result of advances in the understanding of skin optics, and comprehensive studies regarding the absorption spectrum of endogenous and exogenous skin chromophores, various biologic effects have been shown to be exerted by visible light radiation including erythema, pigmentation, thermal damage and free radical production. It has also been shown that visible light can induce indirect DNA damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, a number of photodermatoses have an action spectrum in the visible light range, even though most of the currently available sunscreens offer, if any, weak protection against visible light. Conversely, because of its cutaneous biologic effects, visible light is used for the treatment of a variety of skin diseases and esthetic conditions in the form of lasers, intense pulsed light and photodynamic therapy.

Mandibular deficiency syndrome

The mandibular deficiency syndrome is a constellation of abnormalities, including a spectrum of skeletal, neuromuscular, occlusal, and esthetic conditions. The extremes of this syndrome exhibit different skeletal and esthetic morphology and growth patterns. Different orthodontic and surgical approaches must be considered for optimal functional and esthetic correction in the three different facial types. Differentiation between cases with low, medium, and high mandibular plane angles and knowledge of the growth tendencies will permit different surgical and orthodontic considerations for each of the three basic morphologic types. Predictable functional and esthetic results can then be expected.