Esteem Scores Research Articles

Caregiver-Reported Quality of Life in Youth with Down Syndrome

To describe caregiver-reported quality of life (QOL) in youth with Down syndrome (DS) and to examine the role of obesity on QOL. Caregivers of youth with and without DS aged 10 through 20 years completed questionnaires examining QOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire) and weight-related QOL (Impact of Weight on Quality of Life - Kids). Age- and sex-specific z scores were generated for body mass index. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥95th percentile for age and sex. Caregiver-reported Total QOL, Physical Health, and Psychosocial Health summary scores were all lower in the DS group compared with the non-DS controls (P < .001). Social and School Functioning were also lower (P < .001), but Emotional Functioning did not differ between DS and non-DS groups (P = .31). Physical Functioning (P = .003) and Total scores (P = .03) differed between youth without DS with and without obesity, but no differences were reported between youth with DS with and without obesity. On the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life - Kids, caregivers of youth with DS reported greater Body Esteem (P = .020) and Social Life scores (P = .03) than caregivers of non-DS youth. Caregivers of youth with obesity, regardless of DS status, reported significantly lower weight-specific QOL scores than caregivers of youth without obesity. Caregivers reported lower QOL in youth with DS compared with youth without DS with the exception of emotional functioning. Obesity influences most domains of weight-related QOL in youth with and without DS; therefore, providers should address weight concerns in youth with obesity even in the presence of DS. NCT01821300.

Sleep quality and occupational stress relationship analysis of 1413 train drivers in a railway bureau

Objective: To investigate sleep quality status of train drivers. Methods: By using cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1413 train drivers (including passenger train drivers 301, freight train drivers 683, passenger shunting train drivers 350, and high speed train drivers 79) from a railway bureau. The occupational stressors, strains, personalities and sleep quality were measured using occupational stress instruments and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire. Results: The train drivers of poor sleep quality was 48.34%. Sleep quality scores among different among different job category (job title) , exercise, smoking and drinking were statistical significance (P<0.01) . Differences of sleep quality among different educational level, marry status, age, length of service groups weren't statistical significance (P>0.05) . Correlation: analysis revealed that sleep quality score was related negatively to job satisfaction, reward, working stability, promotion opportunities, positive affectivity, esteem and self-esteem scores (r: -0.454, -0.207, -0.329,-0.170, -0.291, -0.103, -0.139, P<0.01 or P<0.05) , positively to social support, effort, role conflict, conflict between groups, conflict in groups, responsibility for person, responsibility for thing, psychological needs, physiological needs, daily stress, negative affectivity, depressive symptoms scores (r: 0.338, 0.524, 0.226, 0.094, 0.182, 0.210, 0.247, 0.190, 0.615, 0.550, 0.345, 0.570, P<0.01) . Nonparametric test found that train drivers of group with high sleep quality score reported higher scores for physiological need, psychological need, effort, role conflict, conflict between groups, social support, daily stress, depressive symptoms, responsibility for person, responsibility for thing, negative affectivity and coping scores than the group of lower sleep quality score (P<0.01) . But reword, job satisfaction, positive affectivity, self-esteem working stability and Promotion opportunities scores were lower than the group of lower sleep quality score (P<0.01) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the risk for more physiological needs, more effort, more depressive symptoms and more daily stress for drivers occured the risk of poor sleep quality were more than two times as high as that of drivers with less physiological needs, less effort, less depressive symptoms and less daily stress (OR=2.905~2.005) . Conclusions Different types of locomotive drivers get different level of sleep quality. Sleep quality was affected by occupational stress largely. Reducing the occupational stress may contribute to improve the sleep quality of train drivers.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN STRATEGI REALITA DALAM KONSELING KELOMPOK TERHADAP RASA RENDAH DIRI SISWA KELAS XII-IPA SMA Dr. SOETOMO SURABAYA

Abstract: Low self esteem is a feeling which happens of the individual because of his judgment that himself is underestimating and also does not have valuable ability. The purpose of this research is to know the significance influence of the used of reality strategy in group counseling to students’ low self esteem at grade XII-Science of SMA Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. It is because the high of low self esteem is behavior which is not realistic and not responsible.The research design used Pre-Experimental research which the plan is One Group Pretest-Posttest. The population was from grade XII- Science students of SMA Dr. Soetomo Surabaya which amount 80 students, from these population was taken 6 students for research sample which used purposive sampling technique, the choosing of this sample chose based from the high of the low self esteem score result in filling low self esteem- measuring scale.The data collection method was using measuring scale which done the validity test and reliability test alpha cronbach..The results of the validity test measuring scale of low self esteem between 0.052-0.557, while the result of reliability test alpha cronbachs is 0.783. The research data was analyze using non parametrik statistic with the technique is Wilcoxon test in SPSS for Windows 16.0 version which got asymp.sig = 0,028. Because of the value asymp.sig = 0,001 &lt; α = 0,028.From the result of this research was found that there is a positive influence which significance from the use of reality strategy in group counseling to low self esteem at grade XII-Science students of SMA Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Reality strategy, Group counseling, Students’ low self esteem.

Social support and occupational stress relationship analysis of 1 413 train drivers in a railway bureau

Objective: To investigate the social support status of train drivers. Methods: Using cluster sampling, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1 413 male train drivers (including 301 passenger train drivers, 683 freight train drivers, 85 guest scheduling train drivers, 265 cargo adjustable drivers, and 79 high-speed train drivers) from a railway bureau depot. The survey included individual factors, social support, occupational stressors, strains, personalities, and coping strategy using occupational stress instruments and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire. We compared the difference in social support scores between different drivers, who were divided according to job type and age. Additionally, the correlation between social support score and job strain-related factors was analyzed. The influence of depressive symptoms and job satisfaction were analyzed using a non-conditional logistic multivariate model. Results: The overall average age P(50) (P(25),P(75)) of 1 413 train drivers was 33.92 (27.83,43.58) years. The overall average length of service 12.25 (5.25,22.75) years. A significant difference in social support scores was observed according to job type (H=23.23, P<0.001). The specific scores were passenger driver(27 (23,32)), freight train driver (26 (22,30)), guest scheduling driver (27 (24,30)), cargo adjustable driver (26 (22,31)), and high-speed train driver (30 (26,36)) (P(50)(P(25),P(75))). Additionally, social support scores among different age groups were significantly different (H=6.64, P=0.036). The specific scores were ≤30 years (26 (22,31)), 30-40 years (27 (23,33)), and >40 years (27 (22,31)). Correlation analysis revealed that the social support score was negatively associated with job satisfaction (r=-0.43), reward (r=-0.22), working stability (r=-0.23), promotion opportunities (r=-0.12), positive affectivity (r=-0.31), esteem (r=-0.21), and self-esteem (r=-0.20) scores (P<0.001). The social support score was positively associated with sleep disorders (r=0.33), external effort (r=0.21), pay within (r=0.12), role conflict (r=0.20), conflict between groups (r=0.17), conflict in groups (r=0.06), responsibility for the others (r=0.06), responsibility for things (r=0.08), physiological needs (r=0.39), psychological needs (r=0.19), daily stress (r=0.29), negative affectivity (r=0.23), and depressive symptoms (r=0.44) scores (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed social support had a great influence on depressive symptoms and low job satisfaction. Compared with high social support, low social support resulted in depressive symptoms (OR=4.12, 95% CI:3.19-5.33) and low job satisfaction (OR=2.18, 95%CI:1.65-2.88). Conclusion: Train drivers obtained various levels of social support. Social support greatly affected occupational stress. High social support was related to reduction in the occurrence of occupational stress, depressive symptoms, and low job satisfaction. Social support is related to mental health of train drivers.

Assertive behaviour and self esteem among adolescent girls

As adolescent health has become an increasingly important focus for governments, foundations, and behavioral researchers in contrast to other age groups. Mortality and morbidity rates for 10-25 year olds have been increasing in the past few decades. Self esteem is the most dominant and powerful predictor of happiness and life satisfaction but it is estimated that up to a half of adolescents will struggle with low self esteem and research had shown that, teens self esteem levels drop markedly in girls more than boys. To study the effectiveness of assertiveness training on self esteem and assertive behavior among adolescent girls of selected government schools, investigator developed a conceptual framework based on the Nola Pander's Health Promotion Model. The research approach adopted for the present study is a quantitative approach and the design selected was a quasi-experimental design (non equivalent pre test post test control group). Purposive sampling technique used to gather 40 adolescent girls in experimental and control group each. Data collected using socio-demographic variables and with standardized Rosenberg self esteem scale (r=0.94) and Rathus assertiveness schedule(r=0.732). Assertiveness training given for 5 days and post test-1 done after 15 days. Then the investigator administered the same intervention to the wait list control group. Post test-2 in experimental group assessed after two months of intervention. The mean post test-1 self esteem score in experimental group was 20.78 as compared with the mean post test self esteem score in control group was 13.55. The mean difference found was 7.225. Secondly, considering for assertive behavior mean post test-1 score in experimental group was 23.28 as compared with mean post test assertive behavior score in control group - 4.23 and the mean difference shown 27.5. While comparing the post test-1 and post test-2 in experimental group, both self esteem and assertive behavior increased a little. It is concluded that the assertiveness training is effective in building the level of self esteem as well as improving the assertive behavior among adolescent girls and the findings also reveals that it improve while time progress.

Associations of Anthropometric, Behavioral, and Social Factors on Level of Body Esteem in Peripubertal Girls.

Lower body esteem may decrease self-esteem and lead to adverse health effects in children. This study explored the role of anthropometric, behavioral, and social factors on body esteem in peripubertal girls. We evaluated associations of body esteem (measured by the Revised Body Esteem Scale) with body mass index (BMI), mother's BMI, puberty, physical activity, role models for appearance, and screen time among girls (ages 9 and 10) participating in the Jersey Girl Study (n = 120). Linear models were used to evaluate differences in body esteem scores. Overweight/obese girls had a significantly lower mean body esteem score compared with underweight/healthy weight girls {14.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.53-15.27) vs. 17.17 (95% CI: 16.87-17.43)}. Girls who were physically active for at least 7 hours per week had a significantly higher body esteem score than those who were less active, after adjusting for BMI (17.00 [95% CI: 16.62-17.32] vs. 16.39 [95% CI: 15.82-16.86]). Girls whose mothers were overweight/obese, who had entered puberty, and who cited girls at school or females in the media as role models had lower body esteem scores, but differences disappeared after adjusting for girl's BMI. A trend of higher body esteem scores was found for girls whose mothers were role models. Lower BMI and higher levels of physical activity are independently associated with higher body esteem score. Having classmates or girls/women in the media as role models may detrimentally affect girls' body esteem, but having mothers as role models may have a positive effect.

Investigation of the Effects of Eight Weeks of Pilates and Step-Aerobic Exercises on Physical Performance and Self Esteem Scores of Females

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of step- aerobics and pilates training on sturctural, biomotor and psychological variables of sedentary women. A total of 20 women (39.5±3.7 years average age) participated in the study voluntarily. Participants were randomly divided into two experiment groups (step aerobics n:10, pilates n:10). Body height and body weight, flexibility, balance, leg and abdominal strength, and selfesteem scale (Marsh 1994) were measured before and after the eight week training. SPSS was used for analysis. The results showed statistical differences in flexibility, balance, leg strength, abdominal strength, BMI, health, general physical condition, appearance, strength and self confidence in comparisons of the pretest – posttest measurements of the pilates group (p 0.05). In conclusion, it is possible to say that eight weeks of step aerobics and pilates training has positive and similar effects on structural, biomotor and psychological variables of sedentary women.

The analysis of self-esteem level of the school of physical education and sports students participating in intercollegiate football contests

In this study, it is aimed to analyze self-esteem levels of the male and female students in the School of Physical Education and Sports in different provinces between 2015-2016 years who participated in football contests in Balıkesir University. The sample of the analysis is formed with 76 female and 54 male football players for a total of 130 individuals participated on a voluntary basis, who are students of Physical Education and Sports in different provinces of Turkey.In this study, individuals have been applied two-part questionnaire. In the first part demographic features and in the second part Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Inventory consisting of 25 items have been used. The obtained data have been recorded in silico by using a packaged software named SPSS 20. On the purpose of testing hypothesis of the study; normality tests, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, credibility analysis, MWU test and Kruskal Wallish H tests have been applied.As seen in Kruskal Wallis H test table, self-esteem scores do not differ according to age. (p&gt;0, 05). In MWU test result, there is no significant difference between male and females in terms of self-esteem scores. (p&gt;0, 05). Self-esteem scores do not differ according to the alma mater in statistical terms. (p&gt;0, 05). As a result of Krushkal Wallis H test carried out to determine if self-esteem scores differ according to the participants who do sports in different frequency, it is identified that self-esteem scores significantly differ according to frequency of doing sports. (p&lt;0, 05). In order to determine between which groups have difference in question, with Mann Whitney U test; potential all pairwise comparisons have been done and rarely sports doer’s self-esteem scores averages are quite low when compared to the on occasion and regularly doers; it is determined that there is no significant difference in terms of self- esteem scores between participants who do sports in a club and who do not. (p&gt;0, 05).As a result, individuals studying at Physical Education and Sports schools’ self-esteem scores do not differ from each other according to their ages, gender, doing sports in clubs but differ according to frequency of doing sports. Physical education and sports’ being positive provides a chance to get closer to self-esteem concept. It is taught that it is important in terms of determination of self-esteem levels.

The Effects of Family-Centered Problem-Solving Education on Relapse Rate, Self Efficacy and Self Esteem Among Substance Abusers.

Background:The success of drug abuse treatment and relapse prevention methods depends widely on not only pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical therapies but also self efficacy and self esteem promotion.Objectives:The current study attempted to clarify the effects of Problem Solving Education (PSE) on relapse rate, self efficacy and self esteem among drug abusers.Patients and Methods:This non-controlled clinical trial (quasi-experimental) assessed 60 opium and heroin abusers who were willing to quit and were referred to the Mehr Center of Addiction Treatment and Rehabilitation Facility. The patients were allocated to two groups of 30 (intervention and control groups). While both groups received the routine care of the clinic, the intervention group also attended eight 45-minute family-centered PSE sessions. The Coopersmith Self esteem Inventory and Quit Addiction Self efficacy Questionnaire were filled out for all subjects before and after the intervention. Drug relapse was investigated four times with two-week intervals. The two groups were compared using chi-square and Student’s-t tests. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine factors affecting drug relapse.Results:A total of 45 individuals (21 and 24 in the intervention and control groups, respectively) completed the study. At baseline, the two groups had no significant difference regarding their mean scores of self esteem and self efficacy (P = 0.692 and 0.329, respectively). After the intervention, however, the mean changes of self esteem scores were 20.10 ± 3.75 for the intervention group and 4.50 for the control group (P < 0.001). The mean changes of self efficacy scores in the mentioned groups were 34 34.17 ± 5.19 and 9.03± 2.04, respectively (P < 0.001). Drug relapse after two weeks was correlated with age (OR = 1.216; P = 0.026; 95% CI: 1.024-1.445) and implementation of the intervention (OR = 0.036; P = 0.003; 95% CI: 0.004-0.322).Conclusions:According to our findings, supplementing drug abuse treatment with cognitive behavior therapy, particularly PSE, can reduce relapse rate and enhance self efficacy and self esteem among patients.

간호대학생의 임상실습 감정노동과 자아존중감, 전공만족도 관계

본 연구는 간호대학생의 임상실습에 대한 자아존중감, 감정노동과 전공만족도 관계를 파악하고자 실시되었다. 연구대상자는 B광역시와 K도 소재 임상실습을 경험한 199명의 간호학생을 대상으로 하였으며, 연구기간은 2015년 8월 3일부터 8월 17일까지이었다. 자료 분석결과 간호대학생의 자아존중감, 감정노동, 전공만족도는 3.53, 3.26, and 3.46점(5점 척도)이었고, 상관관계 분석에서 자아존중감은 전공만족도에 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면 감정노동은 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 전공만족도에 영향을 미치는 회귀분석결과는 대학생활만족도, 학업성적, 자아존중감 이었다. 이들 변수의 설명력은 34%였다. 따라서 간호대학생의 전공만족도를 위해서 대학생활만족도, 자아존중감, 학업성적 관리가 요구된다. This study was done to identify the relationship between emotional labor, self-esteem, and major satisfaction of clinical practice among nursing students. Participants were 199 nursing students who had clinical practice that located in B- city and K- do during the period from August 3rd to 17th, 2015. The average mean scores for self esteem, emotional labor, and major satisfaction were 3.53, 3.26 and 3.46 (5 scale). Pearson's correlation revealed self esteem had a significant positive effect on major satisfaction, while emotional labor had a negative effect on major satisfaction. Factors having a significant influence on major satisfaction included self esteem, satisfaction of college life, and level of academic scores. These factors explained 34.0% of variance in major satisfaction. Thus, the satisfaction of college life, self esteem, and academic score were required to manage for major satisfaction of nursing students.

How does self stigma differ across people with psychiatric diagnoses and rheumatoid arthritis, and how does it impact on self-esteem and empowerment?

Self stigmatising attitudes have been found in people who have psychiatric diagnoses, however, research assessing self stigma in physical illnesses is rare. It is known that receiving a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can affect a person’s identity and self esteem. This study aimed to compare levels of self stigma, self esteem and empowerment between people diagnosed with psychiatric illnesses and people diagnosed with RA to establish whether self stigma, and specifically endorsement of negative stereotypes, is associated with self esteem and empowerment across these two groups. A total of 202 participants (psychiatric group n = 102; RA group n = 100) were interviewed using the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness scale (ISMI), or the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale- Rheumatoid Arthritis (ISMI-RA), the Index of Self Esteem (ISE) and the Mental Health Confidence Scale (MHCS). Overall, the psychiatric group had higher self stigma scores (2.5 vs. 2.2, p < .01), lower self esteem (48.7 vs. 36.8, p < .001) and lower empowerment scores (3.8 vs. 4.3, p < .001) than the RA group. However, sizable proportions of both groups had high self stigma scores. ISMI/ISMI-RA was associated with the ISE and the MHCS. The stereotype endorsement subscale of the ISMI/ISMI-RA was not related to self esteem or empowerment in either group. Interventions that aim to decrease self stigma and increase self esteem could focus on alienation.

Using a mindfulness–based approach to weight loss: A brief pilot

The aim of this pilot study was to assess the benefits of using a brief mindfulness meditation approach to weight loss. Twenty participants (21 per cent men, mean age 31 years) with a BMI between 25 and 39.9 kg/m2were randomly assigned to one of three groups: mindfulness; healthy eating; or weigh–in only. Weight, BMI, self–esteem and mindfulness measures were taken on three occasions (pre– mid– and postintervention). Reductions in weight and BMI were found across all three groups, as were increases in participant’s self–esteem and mindfulness scores. No significant group differences were found. It is likely that this is a result of the small sample size and brevity of the intervention, therefore longer lasting interventions with a larger sample need to be trialled.

Self Esteem among Adolescents in Nigerian Secondary Schools: A Neglected Issue

Background: Self esteem among adolescents is a neglected issue in pediatrics, especially in this part of the world. Females ages fourteen to seventeen seemed to have positive self-esteem and so do the males but self esteem is low at middle ages. Females tend to have a low self esteem than males Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of self esteem among adolescents and associated factors. Original Research Article Chinawa et al.; BJMMR, 5(1): 98-106, 2015; Article no. BJMMR.2015.011 99 Methods: The study was carried out among adolescents attending secondary schools from two cities; (Enugu and Abakiliki located in south eastern part of Nigeria) within age range of 10-19 yr. A structured self administered questionnaire developed from self esteem scores was used for data collection. Pearson’s chi-square was used to test for relationship between categorical variables while student ttest was used to test significant relationship between continuous variables. Test of significance was set at p<0.5. Results: The self esteem questionnaire used was classified into two major questions with several sub questions. The first group is about self confidence, self fulfillment and self worth and confidence, the second group include depression, hopelessness, loneliness, and suicidal thoughts. We enrolled 507 adolescents in this study. The mean age of all participants was 16.3 (1.2) yr. Total mean self esteem score for all respondents is 15.77±2.769. Low self esteem was observed in 3.6% of the respondents with 4.3% of females and 2.5% of Males. Low self esteem is mostly seen in older adolescents aged 18-19 (44%) and rare among (adolescents less than 11 yr (0%). Low self esteem was more common among the female respondents in all the age ranges. Conclusion: Self esteem is high among adolescents, though this is may be overemphasized as more research is needed in this area.

Relationship of emotional intelligence with self- esteem among adolescents

Adolescence is a time in which adolescents give way to intense emotional relationships and find self concept and build self esteem. Literature reports that 55%-63% of adolescents are at low level of emotional intelligence which results in low self esteem. The present survey was conducted to assess the relationship between emotional intelligence and self esteem among 200 randomly selected (lottery method) students from six conveniently selected schools of dist. Faridkot, Punjab by using the emotional intelligence scale (EIS), Rosernberg self- esteem rating scale and socio demographic data sheet. Emotional intelligence scores were compared with self esteem scores. The Pearson's product moment correlation, t-test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that emotional intelligence and self esteem had significant positive correlation at the level of 0.01. Study concluded that emotionally intelligent adolescents have high self esteem. Adolescents should be early identified early for emotionally immaturity and can be managed with help of school health nurse in school setting by providing different strategies for emotional intelligence and thus enhancing the self esteem.

The Relationship between Self-esteem and Exposure to Physical Violence in Adolescents in a Semi-rural Area of Malatya [Malatya'da Yari Kirsal Bir Bolgede Ergenlerde Ozsaygi Ile Fiziksel Siddete Maruziyet Arasindaki Iliski

Abstract Adolescence and young adulthood are periods that increase in violent behaviors. Perceived by the victims directly and those who witness the violence is important for the development personality, attitudes and behaviors. The aim of this study is to invesitigate the relationship between self-esteem characteristics of adolescents and exposure to physical violence in a semi-rural area. This is the cross-sectional survey was conducted in a semi rural area of Malatya. Hekimhan District Centre and randomly selected three town 410 adolescents were included in the study. The researc data was collected a survey and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale”(RSS) developed by Cuhadar (1986) was applied under supervision. Unpaired t-test and regression analysis were used for data analysis. 60.2% male and 39.8% were female of 410 adolescents. 33.7% primary and 66.3% high school education of adolescents has been attending. From the adolescents 41.3% at home, 41.9% in school, 41.5% in the street, stated that they had experienced physical violence. Self-esteem scores of 58.3 % of male adolescents were in the range of 0-2 (high), of 35.2 % was in the range of 3-4 (moderately) and of 6.5 % in the range of 5-6 (low). Scores of 65.0 of female adolescents were in the range of 0-2, of 25,8 % was in 3-4 and of 9.2 % in 5-6 respectively. There was no statistical difference between self –esteem scores of adolescents and gender (p>0.05). The low but there was a significant correlation between self-esteem of adolescents and exposure to physical violence at school (r = 0.13, p = 0.05).The standardized regression coefficient is interpreted, as a one-unit increase at the self-esteem score were lead to, an increase of 11.2 % the exposure to physical violence in school adolescents (F = 7.892, p = 0.005 In contrast, there was no a relationship between self-esteem levels of adolescents and exposure to physical violence at home (t=-.303; p=0.762). As conclussion; in this study was found a significant relationship between self-esteem levels and physical violence at school. The consciousness-raising programs for adolescents, parents and teachers are needed. Key Words: Adolescents, physical violence, self-esteem

Prevalence of and Gender Differences in Weight, Body, and Eating Related Perceptions among Lebanese High School Students: Implications for School Counseling

Backgroundresearch about body image and eating related issues among high school students in Lebanon is rather limited. Objectives, to explore the prevalence of and gender differences in weight, body, and eating related perceptions among Lebanese high school students as a first step toward identifying school counseling strategies to help students develop healthier body image. Methodsthe sample consisted of 426 high school students (214 males and 212 females) who completed a cross sectional, self-report questionnaire measuring perceptions related to body size, social pressure, social comparison, body esteem, weight change, emotional eating, and binge eating. Frequencies, cross tabulations, chi square tests, and t-tests were used to analyze the data. Resultsthe BMI cut-off points indicated that .9%, 85%, 8.9%, 5.1% of males; and .5%, 83%, 12.7%, and 3.8% of females were classified respectively as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. As compared to males, females scored higher on emotional eating and binge eating measures and were more likely to engage in dieting and weight loss attempts, compare their appearances to others in social gatherings, feel pressure from family to lose weight, and select thinner body sizes for actual weight, ideal weight, and the female shape attractive to males. Males were more likely to engage in weight gain attempts. The modal figure chosen for both actual weight and ideal weight was silhouette 3 for girls and silhouette 5 for boys. Concerning body dissatisfaction, it seems that boys and girls were equally unhappy about their body shape. The largest majority of boys (44%) showed a desire to gain weight while the grand majority of girls (59.4%) wanted to lose weight. In addition, overweight individuals were more likely to report engaging in binge eating behaviors whereas normal weight adolescents had higher body esteem scores. Overweight adolescents, compared to normal weight peers, reported larger actual and ideal body shapes, expressed more body dissatisfaction and annoyance by the actual-ideal gap, engaged in more weight loss attempts, and felt more family pressure to lose weight. Conclusionsthese results have implications for identifying prevention and counseling strategies that school counselors can use to promote positive body image in adolescent boys and girls.

Evidence of Self-Informant Agreement in Ethnic Identity

Ethnic identity is considered to be a psychologically important characteristic that is associated with adjustment outcomes. However, little is known about the degree to which ethnic identity manifests itself in characteristics that are observable to others. This study is the first to evaluate self-other agreement in ethnic identity and to use a multimethod approach for testing the associations between ethnic identity and adjustment outcomes. Results provide evidence of agreement across self and informant reports of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, the most widely used measure of ethnic identity in the literature. We also find evidence for shared method effects across informant reports of life satisfaction and ethnic identity. Finally, we find evidence for an association between latent ethnic identity and latent life satisfaction and self esteem scores, suggesting that the association between ethnic identity and both life satisfaction and self-esteem is more than just shared method variance.

과학영재 고등학생과 일반계 고등학생의 자아존중감과 풍경구성법 반응특성에 관한 비교 연구

본 연구는 과학영재 고등학생 집단과 일반계 고등학생 집단의 자아존중감과 풍경구성법의 반응특성을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 과학영재 고등학교와 일반계 고등학교 2학년 학생 113명을 연구대상으로 선정하여, 자아존중감 척도검사와 풍경구성법을 실시한 후 SPSS.PASW18을 사용하여 분석하였다. 첫째, 과학영재 고등학생 집단과 일반계 고등학생 집단의 자아존중감 척도를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 일반계 고등학생 집단보다 과학영재 고등학생 집단의 자아존중감이 전체적으로 높았다. 둘째, 풍경구성법에 나타난 과학영재 고등학생 집단과 일반계 고등학생 집단 간의 반응특성을 살펴보았다. 풍경구성의 통합성, 원근과 공간감 표현, 추가 항목 수, 문과 창문의 유무 4개 항목에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구 결과 과학영재 고등학생 집단과 일반계 고등학생 집단 간의 자아존중감과 풍경구성법 반응특성에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine self esteem and reactions on LMT projective technique to a group of scientifically gifted high school students and general high school students. For that purpose, 113 participants from scientifically gifted high school and general high school were asked to fill out self esteem questionnaire and draw a LMT. The results were analyzed by using SPSS.PASW18. The results are as follows: First, overall self esteem of gifted students were higher than general students. Second, reactions on LMT of gifted students and general students were examined. As a result, there were statistically significant differences in four items; integration of landscape composition, expression of distance and space, number of additional items, existence of doors and windows. The result of this study showed significant differences between the two groups in self esteem and LMT scores.

The Efficacy of Training Life Skills on the Students' Self Esteem

The current research was conducted with the aim of the efficacy of training life skills on the Payame Noor students' self esteem, Saghez branch. The research population includes all the Payame Noor students, Saghez branch who were studying in the educational year of 2013-2014. In this research 40 students were selected through the random sampling method available as the research sample volume. From among this number, 20 students were selected through the random sampling method available as the research sample volume who was participating in the educational workshop of life skills and 20 more students were also chosen as the control group. The method applied in this research is semi empirical with two groups of experiment and control. The experiment group was placed under 8, 120 minute sessions of training life skills. To collect data the 58 item Cooper Smith questionnaire was used. To analyze data, the descriptive statistics (Average, standard deviation,…) as well as inferential statistics (covariance analysis) were applied. Results indicated that the average self esteem scores in the experimental group posttest is higher than that of the posttest in the control group.

Perceptions of Indian dental hygiene students toward their profession and its relationship with their explicit self-esteem scores.

Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions toward the profession, the level of explicit self-esteem (ESE) of Indian students pursuing the course of dental hygienists, to evaluate the relationship between the two and to develop educational strategies to positively influence students’ perceptions. We also wished to evaluate the level of satisfaction of the students to the current status of professional employment in the country.Materials and Methods:Students in the second year of the dental hygienist 2-year course were asked to participate in a cross-sectional survey study. An instrument was used to obtain students’ perceptions about the profession by estimating the dimensions of “Motivation,” “Expectation” and “Environment”. Their self-esteem was evaluated using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Relationship of self esteem scores with perceptions towards profession was then evaluated.Results:Scores for dimensions including “Motivation,” “Expectation” and “Environment” were significantly high, as were the self-esteem scores. The level of ESE was positively correlated with their perceptions of the profession.Conclusions:The perception of the Indian dental hygienist students was significantly high and positively correlated to the ESE scores. We also conclude that environmental factors may be more influential than innate cultural factors for the development of self-esteem.