Estadual Paulista Research Articles

Update: The way back journey: islands as sources of biodiversity

news and update ISSN 1948‐6596 update The way back journey: islands as sources of biodiversity Until very recently, biogeographers and ecologists considered continents as the main source of biodi‐ versity for islands. This notion of islands as the end of the colonization journey was held mainly for two reasons (Bellemain and Ricklefs 2008). First, species colonizing islands from the mainland may lose dispersal ability making the process of reverse colonization less likely. Second, continen‐ tal populations evolve under intense interspecific competition and a high diversity of predators and pathogens, whereas island taxa usually evolve in a low‐competition environment and in the absence of such natural enemies; this makes mainland habitats more difficult to invade by island popula‐ tions. However, Bellemain and Ricklefs (2008) sug‐ gested that the way back journey to the continent should happen more often than previously thought, and this may be crucial for the mainte‐ nance of biodiversity on continents. A recent study by Hutsemekers et al. (2011), based on population genetic analysis of the spore‐producing moss Platyhypnidium ri‐ parioides from North Atlantic archipelagos, pro‐ vided strong evidence that (i) this bryophyte had not lost dispersal ability in island populations; (ii) the migration rates from continent to islands and vice versa were statistically similar; and (iii) conti‐ nental, instead of island populations, experienced a severe bottleneck during the last glacial maxi‐ mum. According to their analyses, the sea is not a major barrier for migration by island mosses. They did find a geographical pattern in genetic diversity in P. riparioides within the archipelagos of the Azores, Canary Islands, and Madeira, but it was not different from the isolation by distance pat‐ tern found for the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. Moreover, although present air currents have fa‐ vored island colonization, the emergence of sea‐ mounts in the region may have acted as stepping stones between the archipelagos and the conti‐ nent. The major implications of their findings go beyond the biogeography of spore‐producing plants. Although bryophytes can be regarded as among the best candidates to show reverse colo‐ nization—due to their high dispersal ability and widespread distributions—these results alto‐ gether suggest that islands have the potential to act as refugia. Population size on islands can re‐ main constant in periods of intense disturbance on the continent, and such refugial biodiversity can be the source for recolonization of mainland areas. This link was made by Hutsemekers et al. (2011) by showing that, opposed to what hap‐ pened in the archipelagos, there was a decrease of suitable areas in the Iberian Peninsula during the last glacial maximum, and that island‐ continent air currents might have predominated during the arid phases of the last glaciation. The challenge now is to test for similar patterns for other groups—especially those with active disper‐ sal such as birds, bats and insects—and other ar‐ chipelagos with varying distances to the continent to test the generality of these findings. Testing the ‘way back journey’ and other emerging hypothe‐ ses in oceanic island biogeography has the poten‐ tial not only to improve our understanding about the factors that affect diversity across insular com‐ munities, but also to help the development of a comprehensive new model of biogeography (Heaney 2007). Tadeu Siqueira UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Ecologia, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. tsiqueira@rc.unesp.br References Bellemain, E. & Ricklefs, R. (2008) Are islands the end of the colonization road? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23, 461–468. Heaney, L.R. (2007) Is a new paradigm emerging for oceanic island biogeography? Journal of Bio‐ geography, 34, 753–757. Hutsemekers, V., Szovenyi, P., Shaw, A.J., Gonzalez‐ Mancebo, J.‐M., Munoz, J. & Vanderpoorten, A. (2011) Oceanic islands are not sinks of biodiver‐ sity in spore‐producing plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 108, Edited by Marcus Cianciaruso frontiers of biogeography 4.2, 2012 — © 2012 the authors; journal compilation © 2012 The International Biogeography Society

What is your diagnosis? Hepatosplenomegaly in a howler monkey (Alouatta fusca)

(Alouatta fusca) Fabrizio Grandi, Lidianne N. Monteiro, Breno S. Salgado, Rafael M. Rocha, Suely Nonogaki, Noeme S. Rocha Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil; Laboratory of Investigative and Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil and Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Acúmulo de nutrientes em gérbera de vaso em função de fontes e doses de potássio

Entre as várias espécies ornamentais cultivadas de importância econômica encontra-se a gérbera, uma planta com boa durabilidade, resistência ao transporte e muito apreciada pelos consumidores. Apesar da expansão na produção comercial de plantas ornamentais, a pesquisa não tem acompanhado esse ritmo de crescimento, principalmente em relação à nutrição e a adubação. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o teor e acúmulo de macronutrientes em plantas de gérbera em dois estádios da cultura (período vegetativo e reprodutivo), com o uso de diferentes concentrações e fontes de potássio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da UNESP em Botucatu (SP). O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, empregando o esquema fatorial 2x5, duas fontes de potássio (silicato e cloreto) com cinco concentrações (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1 de potássio, via solução nutritiva), quatro repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. Foi utilizada a cultivar Red, com centro escuro, para cultivo em vaso. Avaliaram-se os teores de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) nas folhas durante o período vegetativo e nas folhas e flores (inflorescência + haste) ao final do período reprodutivo. O acúmulo foi determinado através do produto do teor de nutrientes pela fitomassa seca das mesmas e o acúmulo total, pela soma do acúmulo nas folhas e flores (inflorescência + haste). O silicato de potássio promoveu maior teor e maior acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas sem uma dose distintiva. A ordem decrescente para a absorção de nutrientes das plantas de gérbera foi de K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S para cloreto e silicato de potássio, ao final do período vegetativo e reprodutivo para as folhas e acúmulo total. Na inflorescência a ordem de absorção foi de: K>N>P>Ca>S>Mg para as duas fontes utilizadas.

Análise da produtividade científica dos docentes da Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus de Marília/SP

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar/quantificar a produtividade científica dos docentes pertencentes à Universidade de Estadual Paulista (UNESP), campus de Marília/SP. Para cada professor, analisamos o número total de artigos na plataforma Lattes, no ISI Web of Science e no SCOPUS. Além disso, verificamos o total de livros publicados, capítulos de livros publicados e orientações em Programas de Pós-Graduação (PPG). A análise dos nove departamentos da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências (FFC) mostrou que o Departamento de Ciências Políticas e Econômicas possui uma média elevada (21,42) de artigos na Plataforma Lattes, quando comparado aos outros departamentos. Entretanto, o Departamento de Fonoaudiologia apresentou médias mais altas em artigos indexados pelo ISI (2,61) e SCOPUS (4,39), bem como o índice-h, nessas plataformas. Em relação aos programas de pós-graduação, o Departamento de Administração e Supervisão Escolar foi o que apresentou a maior média de orientações em andamento e/ou concluídas. O desempenho mais baixo, em relação aos artigos publicados pelo ISI e SCOPUS, pelos departamentos na área de Humanas/Humanidades pode estar associado às características do campo da concentração e da cobertura limitada do banco de dados ISI e SCOPUS, indicando que o índice-h é muito sensível ao campo de concentração.

Detection and molecular analysis of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum from dogs with neurological disorders

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are related Apicomplexa parasites responsible for systemic diseases in many species of animals, including dogs. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of T. gondii and N. caninum infections in 50 dogs with neurological signs that were admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Estadual Paulista, City of Botucatu, Brazil. All animals were screened for antibodies using an immunofluorescent antibody test for both parasites. Tissues of positive animals were bioassayed in mice (T. gondii) and gerbils (N. caninum), and DNA was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples for T. gondii by PCR were typed using restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR for 11 markers: SAG1, SAG2 (5'-3'-SAG2 and alt.SAG2), SAG3, Btub, GRA6, L358, c22-8, c29-6, PK1 and Apico, and CS3 marker for virulence analysis. Specific antibodies were detected in 11/50 (22%; 95% confidence interval (CI95%), 12.8-35.3%) animals for T. gondii and 7/50 (14%; CI95%, 7.02-26.3%) for N. caninum. In the bioassay and PCR, 7/11 (63.6%; CI95%, 34.9-84.8%) samples were positive for T. gondii and 3/7 (42.9%; CI95%I, 15.7-75.5%) samples were positive for N. caninum. Three different genotypes were identified, but only 1 was unique. These data confirm the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum in dogs from Brazil, indicating the importance of this host as a sentinel of T. gondii for human beings, and the genotypic variation of this parasite in Brazil.

Functional Aesthetic Treatment of Patient With Phenytoin-Induced Gingival Overgrowth

Gingival overgrowth (GO) may be related to the frequent use of certain medications, such as cyclosporin, phenytoin (PHT), and nifedipine, and is therefore denominated drug-induced GO. This article reports a case of a patient who with chronic periodontitis made use of PHT and presented generalized GO. A 30-year-old man with GO was referred to the clinic of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil. The complaint was poor aesthetics because of the GO. The patient had a medical history of a controlled epileptic state, and PHT was administered as an anticonvulsant medication. The clinical examination showed generalized edematous gingival tissues and presence of bacterial plaque and calculus on the surfaces of the teeth. The diagnosis was GO associated with PHT because no other risk factors were identified. Treatment consisted of meticulous oral hygiene instruction, scaling, root surface instrumentation, prophylaxis, and daily chlorhexidine mouth rinses. After this stage, periodontal surgery was performed, and histopathologic evaluation was made. The patient has been under control for 3 years after the periodontal surgery, and up to the present time, there has been no recurrence. It can be concluded that PHT associated with the presence of irritants favored gingival growth and that the association of nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapies was effective in the treatment of GO. Besides, motivating the patient to maintain oral hygiene is a prerequisite for the maintenance of periodontal health.

Diferenciação in vitro de células-tronco mesenquimais da medula óssea de cães em precursores osteogênicos

O objetivo principal da nossa pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial de diferenciação osteogênica de células-tronco mesenquimais (MSC) obtidas da medula óssea do cão. As MSC foram separadas pelo método Ficoll e cultivadas sob duas condições distintas: DMEM baixa glicose ou DMEM/F12, ambos contendo L-glutamina, 20% de SFB e antibióticos. Marcadores de MSC foram testados, confirmando células CD44+ e CD34- através da citometria de fluxo. Para a diferenciação osteogênica, as células foram submetidas a quatro diferentes condições: Grupo 1, as mesmas condições utilizadas para a cultura de células primárias com os meios DMEM baixa glicose suplementado; Grupo 2, as mesmas condições do Grupo 1, mais os indutores de diferenciação dexametasona, ácido ascórbico e b-glicerolfosfato; Grupo 3, células cultivadas com meios DMEM/F12 suplementado; e Grupo 4, nas mesmas condições que no Grupo 3, mais indutores de diferenciação de dexametasona, ácido ascórbico e b-glicerolfosfato. A diferenciação celular foi confirmada através da coloração com alizarin red e da imunomarcação com o anticorpo SP7/Osterix. Nós observamos através da coloração com alizarin red que o depósito de cálcio foi mais evidente nas células cultivadas em DMEM/F12. Além disso, usando a imunomarcação com o anticorpo SP/7Osterix obtivemos positividade em 1:6 células para o Meio DMEM/F12 comparada com 1:12 para o meio DMEM-baixa glicose. Com base nos nossos resultados concluímos que o meio DMEM/F12 é mais eficiente para a indução da diferenciação de células-tronco mesenquimais caninas em promotores osteogênicos. Este efeito provavelmente ocorre em decorrência da maior quantidade de glicose neste meio, bem como da presença de diversos aminoácidos.

Nitrogênio em cobertura na cultura do milho em preparo convencional e plantio direto consolidados

O nitrogênio é o nutriente exigido em maior quantidade pela cultura do milho, sendo o que mais frequentemente limita a produtividade de grãos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar, em área com vinte anos (1985-2005) de estudo de sistemas de manejo de solo, na Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu (SP), a resposta do milho à produtividade, características agronômicas e eficiência de uso de nitrogênio (N), em função da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, nos sistemas de preparo convencional e plantio direto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram representadas por preparo convencional do solo e plantio direto e as subparcelas por doses de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1 e 160 kg ha-1). A adubação nitrogenada de cobertura promoveu acréscimos significativos nas características agronômicas e nutricionais do milho, com a produtividade máxima de grãos obtida com 151 kg ha-1 de N. Nas doses de 90 kg ha-1 e 145 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura, os valores da eficiência agronômica e de recuperação foram semelhantes, para o preparo convencional do solo e plantio direto, respectivamente. As produtividades de grãos e as características agronômicas e nutricionais do milho não foram afetadas pelo tipo de preparo do solo.

Evaluation of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as Parasitoid of the Sarsina violascens Herrich-Schaeffer (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

This is the first report on the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis, genus Eulophidae, found in the field parasitizing pupae of defoliating eucalyptus. Lepidopterous pests occur in eucalyptus plantations in Brazil, reaching high population levels. Due to the complexity of pest control in eucalyptus forests, alternative control methods have been proposed, for instance biological control through use of parasitoids. Natural enemies play an important role in regulating host populations because their larvae feed on the eggs, larvae, pupae or adults of other insects. The parasitic Hymenoptera are important agents in biological control programs against forest pests, and may provide economic and environmental benefits. The generalist endoparasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) can develop in its host’s pupae, which overcome the host’s physiology and can therefore be used for biological control of agricultural and forest pests. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of P. elaeisis as a pupal parasitoid of S. violascens in providing a potential alternative to chemical control of the pest and creation of an alternative host. The experiment was developed in the Laboratory for Biological Control of Forest Pests, Universidade Estadual Paulista

Granular cell tumor presenting as a tongue nodule: two case reports

IntroductionGranular cell tumor is an uncommon neoplasm that can occur in any part of the body, including the orofacial region. The tumor is usually benign, but there are reports of cases in which the tumor shows a locally aggressive behavior, malignancy, and distant metastases. The most widely accepted hypothesis is that granular cell tumor arises from the altered metabolism of Schwann cells. The tumor is typically asymptomatic and appears as a nodule that does not exceed 3 cm.Case presentationIn case 1, a 26-year-old Caucasian man was seen at the Oral Medicine out-patient clinic of the São José dos Campos Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, with a 'small blister on the tongue', which he had noted approximately three years ago. The nodule was located on the dorsum of the tongue, measured about 1.5 cm in diameter, and was not tender to palpation. Treatment consisted of an excisional biopsy performed on the basis of the diagnostic hypothesis of granular cell tumor, which was confirmed by microscopic analysis. In case 2, a 31-year-old Caucasian woman attended the out-patient clinic of the São José dos Campos Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, with a five-year history of a 'painful lump on the tongue'. Intra-oral examination revealed the presence of a nodular lesion measuring approximately 0.8 cm in diameter, which was located deep in the submucosa of the right lateral margin of the tongue. Treatment consisted of an excisional biopsy performed on the basis of the differential diagnosis of neurofibroma and granular cell tumor. Microscopic analysis defined the final diagnosis of granular cell tumor.ConclusionsGranular cell tumor is an uncommon tumor that must be carefully diagnosed and treated correctly.

Correlation between balance and the level of functional independence among elderly people

As the overall number of elderly people increases there is a corresponding rise in the number of older persons with disabilities. In order to examine whether there is any relationship between balance and activities of daily living, we evaluated balance and daily activities among elderly people living in the community. Cross-sectional study at Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil. The study included 70 community-dwelling elderly people aged 65 and over. Balance was evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and physical independence in daily activities was evaluated using the Barthel Index (BI). The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between the parameters evaluated. Significance was set at the level of 5% (P < 0.05). The population's mean age was 70.5 ± 5 years. The mean BBS score was 50.9 ± 4.1, whereas the mean BI score was 98.1 ± 2.8. Statistically significant relationships were found between the BBS and BI (r = 0.41; P = 0.0004); between age and BI (r = -0.24; P = 0.04); and between age and BBS (r = -0.57; P = 0.0001). The results showed that among elderly people, there are correlations between age, balance and independence level.

Teor de macronutrientes na parte aérea e sementes de plantas de alface em função de doses de composto orgânico com e sem adição de fósforo ao solo

This study was conducted in the São Manuel experimental Farm, in São Manuel-SP, which belongs to the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA) of the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP Campus, in order to evaluate the influence of organic compost doses, with and without added phosphorus to the soil, on the levels of macronutrients in plants and seeds of the lettuce cultivar Veronica. The experimental design was randomized blocks with ten treatments (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 Mg ha-1 of organic compost, with and without 400 kg ha-1 P205 added to the soil) and four replicates. The content of macronutrients in plants and seeds was evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. The decreaning order of macronutrient content in plants was potassium&gt; calcium&gt; nitrogen&gt; magnesium&gt; phosphorus&gt; sulfur and in seeds it was nitrogen &gt; phosphorus&gt; potassium&gt; calcium&gt; magnesium&gt; sulfur. The nitrogen content in seeds, was about three and a half times higher than in plants, the sulfur was one and half times higher, while phosphorus content was approximately five times higher.

Vida-de-prateleira de goiabas, cv. Sassaoka, minimamente processadas e armazenadas em diferentes embalagens

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar frutos de goiabeira da cultivar Sassaoka, submetidas ao processamento mínimo e armazenadas em dois tipos de embalagens por seis dias. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, localizado na Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Câmpus de Ilha Solteira - SP. Os frutos foram levados ao laboratório e posteriormente lavados, desinfectados, descascados, escorridos e acondicionados nas embalagens. Os tratamentos foram: embalagem PET e em bandeja de isopor com filme plástico (14 µm), em quatro tempos. Os frutos foram armazenados durante seis dias, sob temperatura de 8ºC e umidade relativa de 80%. A cada dois dias de armazenamento refrigerado, foram retiradas três amostras de cada tratamento para as avaliações. Foram avaliados perda de massa, pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, vitamina C e aparência visual. A embalagem de isopor (bandeja) com filme plástico proporcionou melhor conservação quando comparada com a embalagem PET, mantendo os frutos em boas condições por até quatro dias após processados. A embalagem PET apresentou tendência de acumular água dentro da embalagem, desde o segundo dia de armazenamento, sendo inadequada para essa finalidade. Os teores de vitamina C e sólidos solúveis foram maiores no final do armazenamento na embalagem PET, assim como o pH e a acidez titulável.

Genome characterization of a Eucalyptusnatural mutant

Background Eucalyptus genetic improvement is time-consuming mainly because its long time to reach reproductive maturity along with its mixed mating system [6]. As a result, the production of pure lines as in maize is impracticable. The heterozygous status hides deleterious recessive genes that, when in homozygosity can reduce seedling survival due to physiological changes, resulting in considerable loss in seedling production [6]. Therefore, it would be important to identify the gene(s) associated with inbreeding depression. There are very few studies involving the characterization of deleterious recessive genes in Eucalyptus. We detected an anomaly in the offspring obtained from a controlled cross of Eucalyptus grandis. The anomaly appears in a ratio of one abnormal to three normal seedlings, suggestive of a Mendelian segregation. Based on the segregation ratio, we hypothesized that the character is controlled by a single gene, with a homozygous genotype for the recessive allele showing abnormal seedlings. The parents showed normal phenotype and they have no relationship, excluding the possibility of inbreeding depression due to identity by descent. The abnormal seedlings die in a few months and show different characters: high shoot branching, height reduction, leaf area reduction, and changes in leaf shape (Figure 1). In this scenario, we aimed to characterize the genomic and genetic causes of the observed anomaly. Methods The full-sib individuals generated at Suzano Papel and Celulose SA company were divided into normal and abnormal seedlings. The ratio between normal and abnormal seedlings was tested by chi-square analysis. DNA was extracted according to Ferreira and Grattapaglia [1]. The DNA concentration was quantified using a spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific NanoDropTM 1000), and subjected to electrophoresis in 1% agarose gel and stained with ethidium bromide. DNA from ten normal individuals were randomly selected and mixed, creating the normal bulk, and the same was performed to create the abnormal bulk. The bulks were amplified with random primers (kits AD, AE, AF, AJ, and AK – Operon Technologies, Inc.). Amplicons were submitted to electrophoresis in 1% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. Polymorphic markers detected by RAPD were converted to SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions) markers. DNA fragments from polymorphic marker were purified from agarose gel using the illustra GFX PCR DNA (GE Healthcare), cloned into vector pGEM-T Easy (Promega) and inserted into UltraMAX DH5a-FT competent Escherichia coli cells (Life Technologies). DNA was sequenced in an ABI3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). SCAR primers were designed based upon the above mentioned sequencing and further used to amplify DNA fragments from bulks and six individuals: three anomalous, one individual from normal bulk; and two normal individuals of unrelated populations (BAC and Brasuz). Amplicons of the six individuals were purified, cloned into vector pGEM-T Easy (Promega) and inserted into DH5acompetent E. coli cells (Life Technologies). Six colonies from each individual were amplified with the SCAR primerss. Purified product of amplification was sequenced by ABI3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). SCAR * Correspondence: mceciliapf@yahoo.com.br Departamento de Genetica, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubiao Jr s/n CEP 18618-000, Botucatu (SP), Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Fuchs et al. BMC Proceedings 2011, 5(Suppl 7):P65 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1753-6561/5/S7/P65

Seedling growth of Schizolobium parahyba on different substrates and irrigation levels

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the behavior of seedlings of Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake growing on different substrates and irrigation levels, and to study the use of urban waste compost in substrates. The experiment was carried out in the College of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Department of Agricultural Engineering, Jaboticabal Campus, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design used was completely randomized, consisting of 30 treatments in a factorial design with 15 substrates and two irrigation levels in four replicates. The substrates were composed of different materials: urban waste, Plantmax(r), dry cattle manure, vermiculite and soil. For the study of seedling growth, the following characteristics were evaluated: height (H), root-collar diameter (D), number of leaves, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, H/D ratio, Dickson's quality index, and the ratio between height and shoot dry weight (H/SDW). Assessments of the first three characteristics were carried out 20, 35, 50 and 65 days after sowing. Results showed that urban waste compost increased the growth of Schizolobium parahyba. There were significant differences for the irrigation levels tested; with better results for 150% ET compared to 100% ET irrigation level.

ARTE E EDUCAÇÃO: RE-CONSTRUINDO O PRESENTE

This research is on the line training process, Difference and Values Graduate Program (Master of Education), Universidade Estadual Paulista Presidente Prudente Faculty of Science and Technology, is entitled “Arts education re building-the present. It is a theoretical research with documentary analysis and literature review. We aim to understand how they are present in the National Curriculum Parameters for Third and Fourth Round Elementary School in the Art and Curriculum Proposal of the State of Sao Paulo Art in the 5th and 6th grade of elementary school, the teaching of visual arts and contemporary art experiences. Towards this goal, we draw a historical overview about the development of teaching art in Brazil and the formation of the artist mainly carried out in schools and monasteries in the colonial period and later in the ateliers of the artists. In education officer tried to follow its historical development, from the Academia Imperial de Belas Artes until the contemporary period, examining the methodological mainstream of art teaching which influenced the teaching of art in school. To understand the importance of art and cultural education in contemporary society appealed to thinkers of the Frankfurt School, especially Marcuse and their discussions of affirmative culture in society and given to the concepts of Cultural Industry and Halbbildung Theodor Adorno which assists us in understanding the aspects that hinder the formation today. The results from the analysis of documents (NCP and PCESP) tell us that the teaching of art in those is structured in the production, enjoyment and contextualizing the work of art, languages, visual arts, performing arts and music, trying to understand works of art devoted to modern and contemporary.

What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis?

Departments of Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rubiao Junior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-000

Afecções ortopédicas dos membros pélvicos em cães: estudo retrospectivo

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as afecções ortopédicas dos membros pélvicos em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP Botucatu (São Paulo - Brasil), durante um período de 7 anos. De um total de 889 animais avaliados, 31,9% apresentaram fraturas dos ossos longos, 15,1% displasia coxofemoral, 13% luxação de patela, 11,7% ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial, 11,5% fraturas da pélvis e 7,9% luxação coxofemoral. As doenças com menor prevalência (4,4%, n=39) foram as luxações tíbio-társica e tarso-metatarsiana, a necrose asséptica da cabeça do fêmur, a osteomielite e os tumores ósseos, entre outras. As fraturas de tíbia/fíbula (14,5%) foram mais comuns que as do fêmur (14,2%,), sendo os machos (54,2%) mais afetados que as fêmeas (45,8%). Na displasia coxofemoral, 67,9% dos cães tinham idade entre 2 e 12 anos e a raça de maior prevalência foi o Pastor Alemão (21,6%), seguida pelo Rottweiler (17,2%) e Labrador (11,2%), sendo que os cães sem raça definida compreendiam 15,7% do total. Dos casos de luxação patelar, 89,6% foram classificadas como medial, com 36,2% pertencentes à raça Poodle, 16,4% sem raça definida e 12,9% da raça Pinscher. A ruptura do ligamento cruzado foi mais observada naqueles das raças Pit Bull (14,4%), Boxer (11,5%), Poodle (10,6%) e Rottweiler (10,6%), com 29,8% do total sem raça definida. Quanto à idade, 62,5% deles tinham menos que 7 anos. A causa principal da fratura da pélvis foram os acidentes automobilísticos (89,2%), sendo 52,0% dos cães com idade menor que 3 anos e 45,1% machos. Em 86,3% dos casos, a pélvis estava polifraturada. Das luxações coxofemorais, 57,1% foram associadas a atropelamentos, com idade de apresentação variando de 2 a 18 anos, e maior prevalência nos cães sem raça definida (44,3%), seguido pelos da raça Poodle (32,9%). Baseado nos dados obtidos, foi possível concluir que, na população estudada, em ordem decrescente, as doenças ortopédicas mais prevalentes foram: fraturas por acidentes automobilísticos, displasia coxofemoral, luxação de patela medial, ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial, polifratura da pélvis e luxação coxofemoral traumática.

Aumento da incidência de carcinoma basocelular em hospital universitário: 1999 a 2009

The incidence of basal cell carcinoma is increasing worldwide. An ecological study was conducted using the pathology reports from 5169 cases of basal cell carcinoma diagnosed at the Botucatu School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) between January 1999 and December 2009. The mean increase in the incidence of basal cell carcinoma over this period was 90.6%, suggesting that one case of basal cell carcinoma could be expected for every 15 patients referred to dermatology. This trend was also found when the incidence was indexed according to the absolute number of histopathology exams, the total number of hospital consultations, the total number of dermatological consultations and the population of the town of Botucatu.

Sa1600 Colonoscopy As a New Tool in Determining the Transition Zone in Endoanal Pull-Through in Hirschsprung's Disease - Preliminary Results

Colonoscopy As a New Tool in Determining the Transition Zone in Endoanal Pull-Through in Hirschsprung’s Disease Preliminary Results Erika P. Ortolan, Pedro L. Lourencao, Gisele O. Orsi, Bonifacio K. Takegawa Surgery, Botucatu Medical School UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil Background: Surgical treatment of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) has changed in recent decades, with attempts to reduce extensive surgical dissections. Independent of the technique used, the surgery consists in colectomy of the aganglionic region, beyond the transition zone. Since De la Torre & Ortega first described the exclusive transanal endorectal pull-through (TEPT) technique in 1998, it has become the technique of choice, especially in short aganglionic segments. However, recognizing the transition zone during TEPT is very difficult, leading to a procedure involving several frozen section biopsies and that requires an experienced pathologist. Kohno et al (2005) described the use of colonoscopy in determining a landmark for the location of pull-through with relatively accuracy, denominated the “shorebreak” finding, based on the principle that while normal bowel exhibits peristaltic movements, aganglionic bowel does not. He developed a retrospective study comparing the shorebreak finding in colonoscopy marked with India ink with pathological findings in frozen section biopsies. Based on this single report, our group decided to test this new approach, in a prospective study. The purpose of this work was to report our preliminary results concerning the prospective use of colonoscopy as a new tool to determine the transition zone in HD. Patients and Methods: Colonoscopy was prospectively performed on four patients with HD diagnosis, previously confirmed by anorectal manometry, contrast enema and suction biopsies. The exam was performed just prior to TEPT, using the same anesthetic and bowel prep procedure. The area marked with India ink was chosen following observation of colon motility during colonoscopy, in which the absence of motility identified the beginning of the aganglionic area. For endoscopic tattooing, physiological saline was injected locally submucosally to raise the mucosa, followed by the injection of India ink. All the exams were performed by the same pediatric surgery team member (main author), who was unaware of the contrast enema results. Informed consent to perform the exam was obtained. Results: In all patients, the shorebreak finding marked with India ink was equivalent to the aganglionic segment length and transition zone in contrast enemas. The patients were submitted to TEPT beyond this marked area. The excised colon was opened and the transition zone was macroscopically equivalent to the marked area. These results were confirmed by anatomopathological findings using HE, acetylcholinesterase and calretinin stains. Conclusion: Given these preliminary results, it is our conclusion that endoscopic marking of the shorebreak finding provides an important new tool for determining the point of TEPT in the treatment of HD, especially in hospitals that cannot depend on intraoperative frozen sections or experienced pathologists.