Establishment In England Research Articles

THE INVERNESS FRAGMENTS: MUSIC FROM A PRE-REFORMATION SCOTTISH PARISH CHURCH AND SCHOOL

DESPITE the recent proliferation of known sources of late medieval English church music, particularly those reconstructed from binding fragments, one area remains largely unknown. Most reliably attributed sources come from well-endowed ecclesiastical establishments in England, and copies made for such establishments were apt to be elaborate. Parish church communities, however, assuming that they had resources enough to sing polyphonic music of whatever level of sophistication, would presumably have had neither sufficient space nor particular inclination to preserve copies of music which had ceased to be used regularly. That the normal repertory of a parish church might be preserved is therefore unlikely, since copies would presumably have been regularly discarded and replaced. The provision for music in such establishments, especially those remote from supposed cultural centres, thus remains unclear. We know very little of the musical organization of Scottish ecclesiastical establishments, of whatever type, except hypothetically in terms of comparison with equivalent establishments in England. To questions about the musical organization and repertory of the ordinary pre-Reformation parish church and parish school the source described in the present article may not offer definitive answers, but it may help to provide the background essential to further enquiry. The source may in fact be from a Scottish parish church, probably that of Inverness, and its associated school; it preserves simple music for ritual use without concordances elsewhere, most of which is associated with the liturgy of Holy Week and the office of Compline during Lent. In particular it includes a sequence of settings for use during the procession on Palm Sunday. ' The fragments include, in addition, a substantial part of a secular breviary containing the Sanctorale for the first half of August, and a collection of six separate polyphonic faburden settings of the vesper psalm 'Laudate pueri Dominum' (112), which was sung in procession to the font at Second Vespers on Easter Day. These appear to come from the parish school. A number of smaller paper fragments include a single voice from a faburden setting of the Lenten Compline hymn 'Christe qui lux es et dies'; another

The state of english in the english state: Reflections on the cox report

This article discusses English teaching in relation to the rhetoric which surrounds the establishment in England and Wales of a National Curriculum. English teaching and questions of Standard Engli...

A study of agricultural lecturers' visits to research stations and attendance at research events

Abstract Fourteen state-funded agricultural research establishments in England and Wales were asked for information about visits received from agricultural lecturers. Forty-two lecturers, with visits covering five establishments, were asked for their views of the value of the visits. A graded analysis of the 27 replies is presented. An attendance survey of a national research event was made to determine attendance by lecturers relative to other categories of agriculturalists. Attendance data from a series of national technical conferences is presented for comparison. Recommendations are made for improving this aspect of staff development for agricultural lecturers.

Interaction between state-funded agricultural research and development establishments and agricultural education: Case studies in England and Wales

Nine state-funded agricultural research establishments in England and Wales were visited and the Scientific Liaison Officers interviewed for their views on the interaction of agricultural research and development (R and D) with agricultural education. A thematic analysis of the interview reports shows: research attitudes and policy on the communication of results; value and usage of the education channel by the research sector for the communication of research results and the potential for further development of R and D links with agricultural education. Recommendations are made for improving the interaction between the two sectors.

The Church and Emigration in Late Victorian England

IVIany English churchmen living in the era of imperialist expan sion blessed massive emigration as simple obedience to the will of God. Yet a great migration entailed problems intimately related to the great religious questions of the time and the future of the Establishment in England. Anglican emigration might help strengthen the Church of England in faraway places, but would it weaken it at home? If a large emigration was inevitable, should the Church attempt to guide and protect those leaving? If it was not inevitable, should the Church encourage a greater exodus, and by what means? What was the relationship between urban crowding and disbelief, and should missions to the poor in English cities include emigration assistance among their ameliorating activities?

Charles I's Flight to the Scots

One of the most dramatic events of the entire Civil War occurred on May 5, 1646, when the English King unceremoniously appeared in the camp of the Covenanting army. Although not unexpected, despite Scottish protestations to the contrary, this bold move could conceivably have transformed the war's character. That it had so little impact on the final outcome resulted not from the high hopes of the participants, Scots, Royalists, and French, but from inadequate planning and the failure to realistically anticipate consequences. Before very long the recognition that Charles' flight to the Scots was a massive blunder for all those involved became embarrassingly evident. The King was to be held virtual prisoner by the Covenanters, yet the Scots would gain little from their prize possession. How it came about that these two parties participated in such an act of desperation is the subject of this essay.The Covenanters' willingness in 1646 to resort to extreme measures resulted from the recognition that their position in England had seriously deteriorated. They had originally intervened in the Civil War on the side of Parliament because they feared that a triumph for Royalism would provide the King with another chance to impose a settlement on Scotland. It was hoped in Edinburgh that the favorable resolution of the conflict, which their highly regarded army was sure to bring, would allow the Scots to shape the terms of the peace, and ultimately to play a permanent role in English affairs. Of great importance to the Kirk was the establishment in England of a Presbyterian church similar to their own model. Here too, Scottish ministers, with their greater experience, would exert an ongoing influence in England.

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR AN ADVANCED WEAPON SYSTEM

Naval Engineers JournalVolume 75, Issue 3 p. 521-524 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR AN ADVANCED WEAPON SYSTEM HENRY H. PORTER, HENRY H. PORTER The author in 1940-42 was Executive Officer to Chairman of Section T, National Defense Research Committee; from 1942 to 1948 has held various supervisory assignments in the Applied Physics Laboratory. From 1948 to 1953 he was Supervisor of the Bumblebee Program. Since 1953 he has been Assistant Director, Applied Physics Laboratory. In 1949, 1951 and 1954 he made visits to Research and Development Establishments in England. From February to June, 1952 he was with the Operations Evaluation Group Representative to Commander, Naval Forces, Far East, Tokyo, and in 1959 was a Delegate to Atlantic Congress, London, England. He received his B. S. from Yale University, 1926. He has been awarded the Presidential Certificate of Merit and the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award.Search for more papers by this author HENRY H. PORTER, HENRY H. PORTER The author in 1940-42 was Executive Officer to Chairman of Section T, National Defense Research Committee; from 1942 to 1948 has held various supervisory assignments in the Applied Physics Laboratory. From 1948 to 1953 he was Supervisor of the Bumblebee Program. Since 1953 he has been Assistant Director, Applied Physics Laboratory. In 1949, 1951 and 1954 he made visits to Research and Development Establishments in England. From February to June, 1952 he was with the Operations Evaluation Group Representative to Commander, Naval Forces, Far East, Tokyo, and in 1959 was a Delegate to Atlantic Congress, London, England. He received his B. S. from Yale University, 1926. He has been awarded the Presidential Certificate of Merit and the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award.Search for more papers by this author First published: August 1963 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1963.tb04897.x AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume75, Issue3August 1963Pages 521-524 RelatedInformation

Trends in the National Health Service in England and Wales, 1949-60

T HE National Health Service Act of 1946 aimed at promoting establishment in England and Wales of a comprehensive health service, designed to secure improvement in the physical and mental health of the people ... and the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of illness. Treatment is freely available. The Service is financed by earmarked deductions from wages, employer contributions, taxation, and by charges for certain items. Charges are made for prescriptions (2s. Od., or 28 cents per item), dentures, eyeglasses, and other medical items. An initial charge of ?1, or $2.80, is made for dental treatment costing more than this. Children and expectant mothers are exempt from dental charges, and special arrangements are made to provide exemption from all charges in cases of financial hardship. Since the program began operation on July 5, 1948, the evolution na.tural in such a large-scale undertaking has brought changes in personnel and in the services provided by the Service as well as in the demands by the English people on some branches of the program. Recently the British Ministry of Health published summary data for England and Wales on the annual use made of services provided by the National Health Service and on personnel involved in the provision of services, together with some data on hospital service for the period 1949-60 (1, 2). To analyze what has been occurring, the material has been converted into annual rates per 1,000 population so that population growth could be eliminated as a factor in looking at the increased volume of services and need for additional personnel. The extent of changes in absolute numbers has been determined as well as changes in the rates per 1,000 population. The first measure of change is of interest in itself because it reflects both professional participation in the Service, and changes in patient use; the second measure shows the impact on the population. The tabulations of the Ministry of Health are discussed under seven headings, selected as most nearly conforming to the categories of health services familiar to us in the United States. In bending the material in this fashion it is recognized that the organizational structure of the National Health Service is no longer reflected in these data. Trends in the availability of facilities and personnel and in use of services were felt to be worth examining statistically at a time when the British approach to providing medical care is frequently being discussed. In the period from mid-1949 through mid1960 the population of England and Wales expanded by nearly 2 million, from 43,785,000 to 45,755,000. This expansion of 4.5 percent can be related meaningfully to the expansion in the absolute numbers of physicians, dentists, Mrs. Brewster is chief and Miss Seldowitz is a medical economist in the Health Economics Branch, Division of Community Health Services, Public Health Service.

Effect of the National Health Service of Great Britain on child care in England, Scotland and Wales.

THE NATIONAL Health Service is a plan to provide complete medical care for the entire population of Great Britain. It includes preventive medicine, family medicine, dental and nursing services, hospitalization, medicines and drugs and all appliances and equipment necessary for the complete care of everyone. The Minister of Health has "the duty to promote the establishment in England and Wales of a comprehensive health service"¹and is in supreme control. Under him is a Central Service Council of 41 members that serves in an advisory capacity. Serving the Central Council and advising it and the Minister are committees of specialists on various medical services. There is a Medical Distributing Committee which allots to the local committees the compensations for general practitioners, including traveling expenses. There is also the Medical Practice Committee which, with the local Executive Council and Medical Committee, decides where physicians should locate, and whether or not

Book Review: Establishment in England. Being Essays on Church and State

Book Review: <scp>Establishment in England</scp>. Being Essays on Church and State

Engineering Education in Japan

THE technical education of engineers is a subject which has engaged public attention for a long time past and is one of great national importance. It is somewhat singular that this country, foremost as it has always been in matters of engineering enterprise, should be so behindhand in the systematic education of its engineers, there being no establishment in England devoted to that object which is recognised by the profession. Under the system that has been in vogue up to a comparatively recent period a youth intended for an engineer is taken from school at the age of sixteen being thereby deprived of the most valuable years of his education, and placed in some engineering manufactory, where he remains, perhaps, till he is twenty. In those four years his so-called “training” consists in going through the manual routine of the various workshops and “picking up” what knowledge he can by keeping his eyes open and living on good terms with the workmen. His last year is usually spent in the drawing-office, where, by a similar process of “picking up,” he learns how to draw if not to design machinery or works of construction. At the end of that time his education is supposed to be complete, and he either remains as a draughtsman until something better is offered him, or he enters the office of another engineer for the purpose of improvement. All this time the far more important theoretical training is neglected altogether, no classes or examinations are held, no lectures or other instructions are given, and though some few energetic young men in some way make up this loss by private study they are a great exception, and the hours of manual work are usually so heavy (from 6 A.M. till 5 P.M.) as to render working in the evening both fatiguing and unprofitable.