Establishment Of New Regions Research Articles

Europeanization as the Reterritorialization of the State: Towards Conceptual Clarification

AbstractIn connection with the so‐called territorial dimension of the cohesion policy promoted by the European Commission, a gradual Europeanization of territorial organization can be observed in EU member states. Two main approaches can be identified in literature describing this phenomenon: scholars in European studies discuss the issue in terms of the notions of governance, while planners tend to focus on the priorities of regional development. What is missing is a unified conceptual understanding that includes the diverse aspects of these processes. This article offers an innovative view of the Europeanization of territoriality. Its key argument is that there are two ways of studying the Europeanization of territoriality: (1) as changes in the spatial organization of member states and the establishment of new regions (a static component of the polity); and (2) as changes in relations between actors of governance in consequence of the new territorial arrangement (a dynamic component of politics).

The Evolution of Geospatial Aspects in the Law on the Establishment of New Regions (Autonomy) Pre and Post Broad Autonomy in Indonesia

Expansion or establishment of new regions (Provinces, Regencies/Cities) is a consequence of the politics of decentralization implemented in Indonesia. The development of decentralization in Indonesia underwent fundamental changes after the reformation in 1998. Inception of UU No 22 tahun 1999 concerning regional government has given a new color to the administration of government in Indonesia or what is called broad autonomy. Restructuring regional governments that provide discretion in the form of broader authority in running their government in accordance with regional needs has created many implications for the region, one of which is stretching and the spirit of the region to bloom. In determining the boundaries of forming new regions, the geospatial aspect is an important and strategic aspect. Problems related to geospatial aspects such as maps of regional boundaries, area size, etc are issues that need to be clearly defined and calculated in the new (autonomous) regional (Province, Regency/City) determination. But in fact the law on the formation or establishment of regions in the period 1950-1999 on the geospatial aspect did not become an important part so that it caused problems later which could potentially trigger social conflicts such as regional boundary disputes. Post-reformation, the development of the role of the geospatial aspects has evolved a little more advanced, such as the existence of regional boundary maps in the appendix to the law on the formation or expansion of new regions, such as UU No 7 tahun 2002, UU No 2 tahun 2003, and others. However, there is still something that must be evaluated regarding the map in the attachment to be in accordance with the geospatial rules. A very progressive development in terms of the geospatial aspect is in UU No 20 tahun 2012 concerning the formation of the Kalimantan Utara province that utilizes geospatial data properly

أثر سوء الفهم للنص الشرعي في انتشار الإرهاب

This research entitled (The Problematic Establishment of the Regions in Iraq and the extent of their Effect on the relationship of the Kurdistan Region to the federal authority) analytical study, contain an introduction and three paragraphs followed by a conclusion. This study aims to clarification the problem of the formation of the federal state in Iraq and the extent of the effect of one region within Iraqi Federal Framework and the opposition to establishing new Regions in Iraq despite of the existence of the constitutional and legal foundations for the establishment of regions in Iraq, on the future relationship between the Kurdistan Region and the federal authority, And therefore the survival and continuance of the federal system in Iraq. In general, this study includes various aspects related to the subject of the research in legal, political and constitutional stand point, and I reached some facts, conclusions and proposals, one of the most important of conclusions which is that the Iraqi government and other Iraqi components, Especially the Shiaa component has retreated from the federal system which is approved by the Iraqi Constitution of the year 2005 and that strongly opposed the establishment of new Regions in Iraq so as not to achieve the Federal Union in Iraq and return to the simple state, so we find that the thinking became more serious in the Kurdistan Region towards independence by holding a general referendum on 25/9/2017

The Role of Expansion Movement in the Establishment of New Region in Indonesia: A Study of Parigi Moutong Regency

The study explains the dimension of the structure of resource mobilization in the political movement of new region establishment in Indonesia. The establishment of new regions has been seen only in the utilization of formal structures. In fact, the involvement of non-formal organizations also contributes to the importance and determines a region expansion. The study employed a qualitative approach with the support of primary and secondary data related to the establishment of Parigi Moutong Regency. The data was obtained through in-depth interviews with the group figures of the expansion. The secondary data was obtained from mass media and government agencies as well as personal documentation. The theory used was the dimension of the resource mobilization structure of the political opportunity structure (POST) theory. The study reveals that the success of the expansion movement in Parigi Moutong Regency for their structure resource mobilization by civil society organizations or non-formal to formal institutional build up pressure by using lobbying based on personal, professional and primordial networks. The influence of national political reforms motivated and mobilized the mobilization of movement resources as a repetition of the movement that had taken place in the previous expansion movement in Parigi Moutong Regency.

Historical perspectives on invasive grasses and their impact on wildlife in Australia

In recent years, there have been declines of varying severity in many vertebrate species across much of the sparsely populated savannas of northern Australia, and adding to the dismal record of extinctions from arid and semi-arid central Australia since European colonization. It is likely that multiple factors are responsible for the current wave of extinctions, but they are occurring in areas of sparse human population in extensive, seemingly unmodified landscapes. Habitat change is one likely contributing factor, with invasive exotic grasses an important component in some regions. Historically, conservation of native vertebrates has been poor in Australia, with many species being considered vermin under legislation. As late as the 1960s much scientific research was aimed at controlling species that are now considered threatened under legislation. Through the 20th century substantial efforts to introduce exotic pasture species saw the introduction for trial of twice as many species of grasses and legumes as occur naturally on the whole Australian continent. The legacy of these programs is the spread of grasses that, through a range of processes, lead to simplification of floristic structure and reduction in plant species diversity and habitat suitability for many native mammals. Management of these invasive species should focus on preventing their spread into and establishment in new regions, and controlling them where they are established. State and transition models may provide a framework for considering the management and environmental triggers that could lead to re-establishment of native grasses. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.

Recorded and potential alien invertebrate pests in Finnish agriculture and horticulture

It is assumed that climate change will promote pest invasions and their establishment in new regions. We have updated the list of current alien invertebrate pest species in Finland and produced a list of potential new alien pests using a self-organizing map (SOM) that ranks species in terms of their risk of entry into Finland. The 76 pest species recorded included 66 insects, 5 nematodes, 2 mites and 3 slugs. Nearly half of the alien species appeared to have invaded Finland during the last 48 years. The SOM analysis is considered a viable tool for identification of potentially high-risk invasive pests from among the multitude of potential alien invaders, and represents a useful complement to local expert knowledge-based risk assessment of potentially invasive pests. Along with the comparisons with databases of current and potential pest species, SOM analysis suggests that in the changing climate, the habitats at greatest risk from exotic pests in Finland are horticultural: orchards, ornamental hardy-nursery stocks, landscape and ornamental tree nurseries, and greenhouses.

Uncoupling secretion and tip growth in lily pollen tubes: evidence for the role of calcium in exocytosis

Cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and extracellular calcium (Ca2+o) influx has been studied in pollen tubes of Lilium longliflorum in which the processes of cell elongation and exocytosis have been uncoupled by use of Yariv phenylglycoside ((beta-D-Glc)3). Growing pollen tubes were pressure injected with the ratio dye fura-2 dextran and imaged after application of (beta-D-Glc)3, which binds arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). Application of (beta-D-Glc)3 inhibited growth but not secretion. Ratiometric imaging of [Ca2+]i revealed an initial spread in the locus of the apical [Ca2+]i gradient and substantial elevations in basal [Ca2+]i followed by the establishment of new regions of elevated [Ca2+]i on the flanks of the tip region. Areas of elevated [Ca2+]i corresponded to sites of pronounced exocytosis, as evidenced by the formation of wall ingrowths adjacent to the plasma membrane. Ca2+o influx at the tip of (beta-D-Glc)3-treated pollen tubes was not significantly different to that of control tubes. Taken together these data indicate that regions of elevated [Ca2+]i, probably resulting from Ca2+o influx across the plasma membrane, stimulate exocytosis in pollen tubes independent of cell elongation.