Establishment Of Narrative Research Articles

Wars of Historical Memory: Social Objectives

The article is a study of the wars of historical memory. The process of increasing use of the historical past in the public life of the present is considered. History has become a political tool through which one or another socio-political system is legitimized or delegitimized. In a number of countries, laws have been passed to punish those who write “wrong”. Real “wars of historical memory” have broken out in international relations. The ethnicization of history and the establishment of narratives about one’s own nation as exclusively a “victim of history” are gaining momentum, which requires special treatment and appropriate compensation. In particular, the initiators of the proclamation of “wars of historical memory” in different countries are not the same. Remembrance wars are often declared at the highest level, involving officials, including heads of state, who “rebuff” and “put in place the wrongdoers”, reminding the nation of the nation’s incurable wounds and the terrible crimes of its neighbors. 
 Objectively, the question of the social motives of the “wars of historical memory” is brewing. The authors share the view that the main reason is the escalation of the confrontation between Russia and the collective West. Historical politics, which has taken the form of “wars of historical memory”, is a symptom rather than a cause of this confrontation. It has been analyzed that the politicization of historical memory often leads to negative consequences, and there is no easy way out of this situation. And it is difficult to find that decisive link, undertaking which it would be possible to pull out the whole chain of pressing problems. At the same time, it must be acknowledged that the controversy over the role of the Soviet Union in World War II has not been annihilated, but has intensified amid escalating tensions between East and West. Summarizing the evolution of “wars of historical memory” to a sharp aggravation, Marlene Laruel noted: “I interpret the wars for historical memory between Poland, the Baltic states and Ukraine, on the one hand, and Russia, on the other, as narrative «related to the exclusion of Russia from Europe or inclusion in it”.

The thrill of the ‘chase film’: women, fairies, and narrativization in Jack the Kisser

There is a great deal at stake in discussing the 1907 Edison film, Jack the Kisser. As well as marking a significant stage in the evolution and establishment of narrative film, Jack the Kisser’s combination of a cinematically and socially resonant narrative with a dynamic and entertainingly spectacular visual style points to socio‐cultural motivations for the institution of narrative as a practice of representation. This particular film also serves to foreground the importance of intertextuality to the development of more ‘classical’ mainstream film narrative, thus emphasizing ways in which such narrativization can function to control and contain women, female impersonators, ‘fairies’, and related perceived threats to the dominant ideology of patriarchy. Certainly I argue that the chase film was crucially important to establishing marriage as both a ‘safe’ place (in which to escape from threatening femininity) and as a central element of narrative closure. Moreover, an analysis of Jack the Kisser – especially in relation to later genres such as horror and romantic comedy – illustrates that on some level, at least, the chase‐film could be said to have initiated the genre system in its working through of gendered cinematic space and in its establishment of diegetic narrative as the ‘norm’ for mainstream story‐films in the United States.

The Establishment of Narratives Concerning Pishamen-tian (VaisravaNa) in Eighth Century China

The Establishment of Narratives Concerning Pishamen-tian (VaisravaNa) in Eighth Century China