Establishment Of Industry Research Articles

The Development of Industrial Agglomeration in Industrial Designation Areas and its Impact on Land Use Change (Case Study: Pringsurat Subdistrict and Kranggan Subdistrict, Temanggung Regency)

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Industrial agglomeration refers to the clustering of industries in a specific region, where they are in close proximity and have interconnections. This phenomenon not only stimulates the growth of industrial activities, but also influences the development of other economic sectors. As industrialization expands, it gradually extends into rural areas that usually have abundant undeveloped land primarily used for agriculture. Consequently, this trend prompts a transition from agricultural to industrial land use. Pringsurat subdistrict and Kranggan subdistrict are located in Temanggung Regency, Central Java Province. Both of these subdistricts are designated as Industrial Designation Areas (KPI) according to the Temanggung Regency Spatial Plan 2011-2031. The plan has implications for the rapid development of large and medium industries. The purpose of this study is to examine the growth of industrial agglomeration in Pringsurat subdistrict and Kranggan subdistrict and their impact on agricultural land conversion. This research was conducted from 2023 to 2024 and utilizing data from 2021 and 2022. The approach of this research is descriptive quantitative and utilizes spatial analysis with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the results of the analysis, there is an agglomeration of large and medium industries in Pringsurat subdistrict and Kranggan subdistrict. The growth of agglomeration encourages the establishment of new industries and industry linkages. Furthermore, agglomeration growth has led to changes in land use, an increase in the variety of land uses, and an increase in land prices. Results of the analysis also show that there are regulatory changes in the development of industrial agglomeration that will affect to local government decision in the future. </span></p></div></div></div>

The Role of Small Industries in Achieving Sustainable Development in Qassim Region (KSA)

Small industries are one of the most important pillars of sustainable development. Accordingly, many governments have supported the establishment and growth of small industries. In this respect, Saudi Arabia has taken great steps ahead to ensure the spread and growth of this important economic sector. This study sought to know the role of small industries in achieving sustainable development in Qassim (KSA). It used the historical, inductive and spatial analysis approaches. The population included all small industries in Qassim, and this study was applied to the entire study population, which resulted in 112 small industries. The findings revealed that small industries in Qassim have achieved sustainable economic and environmental development, yet they have failed to achieve sustainable social development. Thus, this study recommends that small industries in Qassim should increase the rate of national workforce so as to achieve sustainable social development.

ANALYSIS OF THE HOTEL INDUSTRY ESTABLISHMENTASSORTMENT POLICY: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS

Objective. The objective of the article is the analysis of theoretical and practical principles of the hotel industry establishment assortment policy evaluation. Methods. The following research methods and techniques are applied in the research process: analysis, synthesis (to substantiate the existing theoretical approaches to evaluating the assortment policy of the hotel industry establishment), generalization and systematization (to identify the available scientific approaches, identify trends in the hotel industry establishment services assortment management under study), comparison (when assessing the competitiveness of the assortment policy of the investigated hotel industry establishments), ABC analysis (to assess the range of services of the investigated hotel industry establishment), survey (to find out the portrait of consumers of hotel services and their satisfaction with the assortment policy of the investigated hotel industry establishment), abstract-logical method (to formulate conclusions), graphic and tabular methods (to visualize research results). Results. Improving the assortment policy of a hotel industry establishment is an important aspect in the modern hotel industry, especially in conditions of constant changes and growing competition. The content analysis of the scientific literature showed the absence of a single approach to the analysis of the assortment policy of the hotel industry. It has been established that different methods can be used to evaluate the assortment policy of the hotel industry establishment, which focus on different aspects of the analysis and answer various questions regarding the optimization of the assortment. For the analysis of the assortment policy of the hotel industry establishment, an author's methodology is proposed, which allows to comprehensively investigate various aspects of the assortment policy of the hotel industry establishment, which makes it possible to identify existing problems, develop and make more reasonable management decisions regarding the formation of the optimal assortment of services of the hotel industry establishment. Approbation of this technique is implemented on the basis of the hotel complex «Health Resort & Medical SPA Panorama Morska». Based on the results of the conducted research on the effectiveness of the assortment policy of the hotel the problems are systematize and options for their solution are proposed.

URBAN UPGRADE IN BISKRA’S SHANTYTOWNS SAMPLE: THE NEIGHBORHOODS OF SIDI GHAZEL AND SIDI ROUAG (ALGERIA)

The shantytowns or slum area started to appear in the urban fabric within town zones in Algeria during the colonial period. This situation endured after the independence, in particular during the seventies of the last century. The reasons : a population growth and an increasing urbanization in big and intermediate cities, in addition to the industrial establishment resulting from the development choices. This latter wasn’t supported by balanced development. The impact was obvious on the urban development of the Algerian cities. Hence, the slum areas increased outside the town urban perimeter, where the public lands and the lands inconvenient for urbanization such as river shores, old quarries and hills. The citizen, in cause of that, stood in a permanent conflict with the relevant authorities, in particular municipalities, to settle the situation or to remove definitively the house. Hence, this situation leads to a degradation in the urban fabric and planning of numerous cities. The Governorate of Biskra was also affected by this phenomenon starting from the 1970s. It results, among other reasons, from its elevation to the status of Governorate in 1974 following the second administrative structuring in Algeria after the independence.

Search of opportunities for digitalization of infrastructure and establishment of industry 5.0 based on the application of artificial intelligence: regional aspect of digital transformation

The consistent practice of digitalization shows the ‘emergence’ of a new quality of work of development institutes, businesses. The further development of the infrastructure, taking into account innovations and ‘digits’, will make it possible to fulfill important tasks in the partial implementation of the directions of progressive digital development of the regions of Ukraine outlined by the government in the post-war period. The purpose of the article is research and data analysis in terms of sub-indices of digital transformation of the regions of Ukraine with the aim of finding opportunities for digitization of infrastructure and working business processes. The authors consider three stages of the development of artificial intelligence through the prism of digitalization of the economy and virtual reality, namely: basic artificial intelligence, universal artificial intelligence, artificial super intelligence. The article attempts to present the opportunities created as a result of industry digital transformation, the development of the Internet, the penetration of basic e-services, the introduction of a paperless regime, and the development of centers for the provision of administrative services. The sub-index ‘Penetration of basic e-services’ shows positive dynamics. Improvement of this sub-index indicates an improvement in terms of connection to the Unified Information System of the Social Sphere; availability in all departments of the State Registration of Civil Status Acts, maternity hospitals e-Malyatko; connecting the Technical Inventory Bureau to the State Register of Property Rights. It was concluded that the new virtual reality in combination with the ever-present application of the latest information and communication technologies is the driving force behind the formation of Industry 5.0, innovations are ‘born’, and new types of digital services appear. The IoT, big data analytics, AI, communicativeness and networking of interactions, diffusion of innovations and Internet technologies become the impetus for digital and innovative changes in all sectors of the economy.

Will Congo move up the battery supply chain? Strategic capitalism, friendshoring, and localized manufacturing in the time of the green transition

In recent years, countries where extraction of so-called green minerals occur have increasingly asserted themselves. Negatively dubbed as resources nationalism, these political decisions are more akin to a willingness to increase in-country value added for regions often suffering from centuries of colonial extractivism. In the battery sector, these strategies led to cobalt, lithium, and nickel producers aiming to develop local manufacturing of battery components. This article provides a prospective analysis of these dynamics and takes the example of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the recent announcement to establish the country as a supplier of cathodes materials and potentially even manufactured batteries. However, the road to becoming a midstream supplier is long and the current state of infrastructures presents significant barriers to a shift in the country's industrial base. Throughout this article, informed by ethnographic work, I address these challenges in the context of the low-carbon transition. The sustained post-colonial state of Congo's extractive complex and its location at the core of geopolitical competitions constitute a significant obstacle to the establishment of this new industry, while the metal-rich country tried to find its way and raison d'être in the volt rush currently underway.

The First Report on Saprolegnia parasitica and Neoparamoeba perurans Isolated from Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Reared in Korea

This study is the first report of parasite and fungal disease separated from domestically reared Atlantic salmon in Korea; the characteristics of the pathogens were identified, and histopathological analysis was conducted. Fungal and parasitic diseases were detected in Atlantic salmon and were isolated as Saprolegnia parasitica and Neoparamoeba perurans based on morphological and genetic analysis. External symptoms observed in Atlantic salmon infected with S. parasitica include fin ulcers and hemorrhage, abdominal hemorrhage, and necrosis of the gills and gill covers. The histopathological analysis results showed necrosis, hemorrhaging, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the abdominal muscles, while only inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the gill covers. The clinical symptoms observed in Atlantic salmon infected with N. perurans included excessive mucus secretion in the gills, a dense amoebic presence on the gill filaments, respiratory distress, and opening of the mouth and gill covers after death. Through histopathological analysis, we observed lesions in epithelial cells, characterized by the proliferation of epithelial cells and the fusion of secondary lamellae. Numerous lamellae were observed to be attached or fused with each other. To ensure the successful establishment of the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry in Korea, it is essential to swiftly quarantine infected fish based on the morphological characteristics of S. parasitica and N. perurans revealed in this study, along with the external symptoms of Atlantic salmon infected with these pathogens. Developing disease control strategies based on the findings of this research is imperative.

Identification and prioritization of risks for new entrants in automobile sector using Monte Carlo based approach

The automotive industry serves as a crucial support system for the economies of industrialized nations in their pursuit of international market competitiveness. Despite this industry's importance, most developing countries face the challenge of acquiring a reasonable economic position at the global level in the automotive sector for various reasons. The most salient reasons include inconsistent government policies, multiple taxes, investor insecurity, political instability, and currency devaluation. Identifying risks is crucial for a new entrant in the already-established automotive industry. The researchers have used multiple (qualitative and quantitative) techniques to identify and prioritize risks in setting up manufacturing plants. The efforts to tackle these identified risks are undertaken at the domestic and government levels to smoothen the establishment of industry. The risks are first identified, in the current study, by reviewing the previous literature and conducting interviews of the various stakeholders (automotive dealers, managers, and customers). Then this study uses Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) approach and develops a risk exposure (high, medium, or low) matrix for the automotive industry of Pakistan. The findings reveal that the depreciation of local currency against the foreign exchange, oligopoly nature of competition, and low market acceptability of new entrants due to their products' image are the most critical risks the automobile industry faces. These findings will help automotive research institutes in developing national policies that specifically aim to support new players in the automotive industry, particularly in addressing high-priority hazards. The results may also provide valuable insights for new participants seeking to identify and address the key challenges in the Pakistani automotive industry before entering it.

Impact of Post-Harvest Losses on the Profitability of Rice Production Amongst Smallholder Farmers in Liberia

Crop losses, especially along the post-harvest value chain, have been identified as one of the major causes of food shortages in most developing countries including Liberia. Rice farmers often record a great amount of loss which translates to a waste of resources, a reduction in their income, and ultimately their welfare. This study examined the effects of post-harvest losses on the profitability of rice production among smallholder rice farmers in Liberia. The analytical tools used in the study include descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and multiple regression models. The gross margin analysis results revealed that the average gross margin with post-harvest loss was 3,512.475 Liberian Dollars, lower than the average gross margin without post-harvest 8,826.114 Liberian Dollars. This implied a 39.79% reduction in the gross margin of rice farmers valued at over 2.8 million Liberian Dollars. The results also found the Value of Post-Harvest Loss, Market Participation Rate, Quantity Harvested, Quantity sold, and Education Level significantly affect the per-capita gross margin of farmers. The study recommends that farmers engaging in rice production be adequately trained on post-harvest crop handling techniques whereas, priority be given to investment in post-harvest processing technologies and the establishment of processing industries especially in the major production areas.

FACTS Devices as a Solution to Power Industries Problems: A Review

With an ever-increasing demand for power and establishment of new industries with high load demand, the need to for constant upgrade of powers system network is high. Such transmission networks are prone to external disturbances from loads, environment and other sources which leads to low power quality. Sudden application or removal of large loads. Large loads are known to draw more reactive power than the generated reactive power which lead to reactive power imbalance which can lead to total system collapse. In this paper, a critical review of how Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices are used to mitigate such issues to ensure power quality is done. Previous work on the integration of different FACTS devices were review to establish the advantage of FACTS devices over conventional solutions to power transmission problems.

Strategic mapping of onion supply chains: a comprehensive analysis of production and post-harvest processes in Northwest Ethiopia

IntroductionOnion is a significant vegetable crop in Ethiopia, serving as a source of income for smallholder farmers. However, various challenges in the production and post-harvest handling processes impede a consistent supply and marketing of the crop. This study focused on a comprehensive analysis of the onion supply chain, ranging from production to post-harvest handling, to address the existing production and marketing processes. The research initiative was undertaken to map the onion supply chain from farmers to consumers, intending to establish an improved marketing system in northwest Ethiopia.MethodsThe study area covered three onion-producing districts of the Amhara Region. Data collection involved interviews, observations, and market assessments using a structured questionnaire. Sampling followed a multistage technique. The analysis included descriptive statistics and food system analysis to map the supply chain and estimate marketing margins.Results and DiscussionPost-harvest loss in onion production presents a major obstacle in the farming sector, impacting its growth. The study identified six alternative channels for onion marketing where different actors are involved throughout the supply chain. Key stakeholders include farmers, local collectors, brokers, transporters, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. Packaging and sorting activities are implemented at different supply chain stages to minimize post-harvest losses. Farm-level activities, including curing, sorting, grading, and ventilating, are crucial for reducing losses. The perishable nature of onion bulbs and the existing production and handling challenges exacerbate post-harvest losses. Efforts to address this challenge demand a comprehensive approach, integrating interventions across the value chain, from improved cultivars and storage infrastructure to enhanced market access strategies. Hence, stakeholders and governmental organizations are urged to promote onion value-addition technologies, including the establishment of processing industries. Such endeavors promote collaborative efforts across the onion supply chain, ensuring sustainable benefits for producers and traders.

A hierarchical analysis of social perceptions of energy system risks

In response to the evolving energy landscape and heightened environmental concerns, our study meticulously evaluated the public perceptions on energy system risks in Japan by employing the analytic hierarchy process within a unique project management framework. This novel approach allows for a detailed, hierarchical examination of risk factors by directly engaging with a diverse demographic through an extensive survey of 3750 participants. Our findings highlight critical priorities such as supply stability, environmental response, industry establishment, and regional support, alongside the nuanced variations in perception across different demographic and professional backgrounds. This research underscores the importance of incorporating public sentiment into energy policy development, offering actionable insights for creating more inclusive and effective energy strategies. The study's innovation lies in its methodological rigor, the scale of participant engagement, and its focused application to Japan's distinct energy context, making a substantial contribution to the discourse on sustainable energy futures and risk communication. This work not only addresses a gap in existing literature by blending technical risk assessment with public perceptions but also sets a precedent for future research and policy-making in the global energy sector.

Буковинському м'ясному скотарству – 25 років!

The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the meat cattle industry in the Carpathian region of Bukovyna. It is shown that domestic herds of a new population of the Bukovyna zonal type of hornless Simmental beef cattle have been formed, which are characterized by the following selection and production indicators: live weight of cows 550–650 kg, milk yield for 210 days 215–235 kg, intensity of growth of young animals on suckling in summer 950–1500 g/day, daily gains for the entire growing period 900–950 g, carcass weight at the age of 18–24 months 265–275 kg, slaughter yield 60.1–61.2%, reduction in the cost of maintenance – 8–12%, profitability of 17–21% with an economic effect of UAH 950 per year without state support for obtaining cheap beef in the Carpathian zone. According to the research results, it was established that in the past the following bulls-progenitors were widely used: Forest 0899, Ivor 1001 of line Achilles 369; Micron 3981 and Major 1351 of line Abricott 58311; Apollon 1843, Maskit 1822, Svitiaz 1865, Anthracyt 1868, Exterier 4865, Kaban 1856 of line Signal 120; Khmuryi 9967 of line Zelott 016040491 and others, which ensured obtaining average daily gains of 950–1150 g at feed costs of 7.1–7.5 feed units for the entire growing cycle in the conditions of different climatic zones of the Carpathian region

Evaluating Industrial Areas with Spatial Multicriteria Analysis (SMCA)

The assessment of industrial areas stands as a pivotal challenge, increasingly recognized for its urgency across various regions. The industrial sector is a cornerstone of national economic development, contributing significantly to growth and enhancing community welfare. Nonetheless, the establishment of industries also poses environmental and societal risks, primarily due to potential pollution. This study focuses on evaluating the suitability of industrial zones in East Cikarang District, Bekasi Regency, through spatial analysis, benchmarking findings against government-regulated industrial areas as outlined in the Bekasi Regency spatial plan for 2011-2031. Employing Spatial Multicriteria Analysis (SMCA) via ILWIS software, this research aims to deliver a comprehensive assessment of industrial locations by considering variables such as proximity to roads, rivers, settlements, land slope, and alignment with designated industrial zones in the regional spatial plan. The analysis reveals a nuanced classification of industrial suitability, with 48.55% of the area deemed highly suitable, indicating a substantial portion of East Cikarang District is favorable for industrial development. Conversely, a smaller segment falls into the less suitable or unsuitable categories. Overall, the study concludes that 55% of the region qualifies as suitable for industrial purposes based on the SMCA-derived spatial model, with 98.1% of the assessed area aligning with the criteria for designated industrial zones. These insights are intended to guide industrial planning and environmental management strategies, fostering sustainable development within the region.

Mineral and bioresource exploitation for transformation and sustainability of the chemical industry in Zambia

Zambia depends mainly on copper mining and imports the bulk of chemicals needed for academic, domestic, and industrial consumption. The country has never had an economically viable chemical industry despite having vast minerals and bioresources key to the stimulation of a sustainable chemical industry. This paper proposes a theory of change model for the establishment of the chemical industry in Zambia to enhance economic growth. Availability of minerals and bioresources have been assumed as a strong driver to establish an economically viable chemical industry in Zambia. The paper discusses the economic status of Zambia, explains current economic drivers and proposes establishment of a chemical industry as a critical missing link to transform the economy. Briefly a thorough literature desk review was done with cue search words such as “Chemistry professionals Zambia”, “Policy Chemicals industry Zambia”, “Chemical industry Zambia”, “National Development Plan Zambia”, “Petrochemicals Zambia”, “Specialty chemicals Zambia”, “Gross Domestic product Zambia” in the Google scholar search engine. Results revealed that exclusion of chemical industry in policy formulation and implementation, lack of political will in promoting chemistry, underutilization of available mineral and bioresources remains part of the main reason for lack of growth of the chemical industry and serial failure of the seven national development plans to adequately plan for this since independence in 1964. The period from 1961 to 2021 was considered and the 2006 to 2021 comprising the fifth, sixth and seventh national development plans was isolated, and analysis of variance done for the three plans with respect to gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP per capita. There was a statistical significance for both parameters. A p = 0.0004 for GDP and 0.0003 for GDP per capita values showed that there was negative or almost no growth within each period of the national development plan. None of the seven development plans addressed a deliberate setting up of the chemical industry to reduce capital flight in terms of huge imports. Hence, we opine that the chemical industry in Zambia is desperately needed to provide agrochemicals and other specialty chemical feedstocks.

EFFECT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE PROJECT ON WEALTH CREATION AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

The study investigates the impact of the Community Development Initiative (3i’s initiative) on wealth creation among rural households in Ondo State, Nigeria. The 3i’s initiative, focusing on Infrastructure, Institution, and Industry, aims to engage local communities in sustainable development projects. Using a community-driven development approach, the initiative ensures active participation from rural inhabitants in identifying and prioritizing their needs. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews across 12 communities within the state. Key findings reveal that infrastructural projects, such as water facilities and health centers, significantly enhance community wealth by reducing health expenses and saving time. Training programmes improve local capacity in project management and record-keeping, fostering a sense of ownership and accountability. However, the establishment of industries under the initiative has been limited, affecting the potential for large-scale economic transformation. Overall, the 3i’s initiative shows a moderate to high positive impact on community wealth, suggesting the necessity for continuous support and scaling of such development programmes to bridge the urban-rural economic gap effectively. The study recommends that there should be a synergy between government and community collaboration to ensure the sustainability and scalability of development projects in rural Nigeria.

Performance of Milk Co-Operatives and its Impact on Milk Production, Marketing, Income and Employment in Vellore District - An Analytical Study

Milk co-specialists are an essential piece of the milk exhibiting and dairy improvement program in India. prominently known as the “Activity Flood,” which was initiated in July 1970 by the Indian government in collaboration with the United Nations Food Program. The activity flood is one of the largest ever implemented rural development programs and focuses on the establishment of a cutting-edge dairy industry to meet India’s rapidly expanding demand for milk and its products and prepare it for sustainable growth. Action flood helped dairy farmers to facilitate their own new development, putting control of the resources they make in their own hands. A public milk network joins milk creators generally through India with clients in more than 700 towns and metropolitan networks, diminishing periodic and common expense assortments while ensuring that the producer gets fair market costs in a clear manner reliably. The town milk producers, which obtain milk and provide sources of information and services while evaluating the accessibility of current administration and technology, have served as the foundation of the activity flood. Movement flood targets integrate (a) Addition milk creation (“A Food of Milk”) (b) Extend common jobs (c) Reasonable expenses for customers. Movement flood has made a public milk structure associating milk creators generally through India with customers in excess of 700 towns and metropolitan networks, diminishing periodic and regional expense assortments while ensuring that the producer gets a critical part of the expense purchasers pay, by eliminating merchants. It has assisted dairy ranchers in coordinating their own events and taking control of the assets they produce by reducing misbehavior.

A review on sustainable utilization of bauxite residue (red mud) for the production of mortar and concrete

The establishment of many industries produces a large amount of by-products in solid, semi-solid, and liquid form because industrial waste can be toxic or non-toxic in nature, causing serious damage to the environment. India has a vast network of existing industries, and in the future, many more will produce millions of tons of various by-product materials. Pollution and disposal problems can be reduced by using these materials effectively in civil engineering projects. This paper examined the evaluation of red mud produced in the alumina processing industry to determine its suitability as a construction material based on physical, chemical, and other civil engineering properties. Red mud is the fine-grained residue that remains after alumina has been extracted from bauxite ore. About 10 million metric tons of red mud waste is generated every year in India, causing very serious and alarming environmental problems. Neutralizing this red mud would be very beneficial, as it would reduce pollution. In addition, the neutralized red mud could be reused in construction mixes and as a raw material. The physical, chemical, and geotechnical characteristics of these waste materials were critically evaluated for this purpose. It was found that red mud can be used as building material.

The Role of the Second Pahlavi Government in the Establishment and Promotion of the Tourism Industry in the Persian Gulf

The tourism industry, in its modern form, emerged in Iran for the first time during the Pahlavi era. Initially, in 1935, an office titled "Office for Foreign Travelers and Publicity" was established, and its activities were limited to publishing tourism brochures and guidebooks. The growth and development of this industry were realized through the establishment of the "Tourism Attraction Organization" in 1966 and the formation of the "Ministry of Information and Tourism" in 1974. One of the destinations that has always been attractive and of interest to tourists is the southern ports and islands of Iran. These places, with their various historical, environmental, and cultural attractions, have always drawn tourists to them. Among these regions, Kish Island, with features such as favorable weather, beautiful nature, historical sites, and rare plant and animal species, became one of the islands receiving special attention for tourism development in southern Iran during the Second Pahlavi period. In the present research, based on sources such as memoirs of Pahlavi officials and available documents, and using a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to answer the question of how the tourism industry grew and developed in the Iranian ports and islands of the Persian Gulf during the Second Pahlavi era, particularly Kish Island, which became an international tourist island during this period.

ІММІГРАЦІЯ ЧЕХІВ НА УКРАЇНСЬКІ ЗЕМЛІ В ДРУГІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ ХІХ СТ.

The late 60s and early 70s of the nineteenth century were a favorable period for the settlement of Czechs in the Volyn lands. The immigration of Czechs from Moravia to Volyn was caused primarily by economic factors. The impoverishment of Czech peasants, artisans, and workers forced them to seek a better life outside of the Czech lands. Ukrainian lands, in particular Volyn, became one of the destinations of emigration at that time. The appearance of Czech settlers in Volyn was connected with the desire of some Polish nobility to get rid of their property and leave the Russian Empire. The situation in the Ukrainian lands after the January Uprising opened up the possibility for Czechs to buy land for settlement. At first, land purchases were uncontrolled and often took place in violation of the law. Unfair treatment by intermediaries who tried to profit from those wishing to buy land was not uncommon. For the Russian authorities, the appearance of Czechs in Volyn became a form of pressure on Catholic Polish people. Support, benefits, preferences, and accelerated acquisition of Russian citizenship by the Czechs were steps taken by the Russian government. Separate settlements and districts were created for the Czechs. As for the religious issue, there was a “soft coercion” to convert from the Roman Catholic to the Orthodox Church. However, the Czechs were not particularly concerned about the religious issue, as the arrangement of their own economy, the establishment of private small industries, and the creation of decent living conditions were the priority tasks they set for themselves. Over time, the Russian authorities began to gradually limit benefits and reduce concessions to the Czechs. Seeing that the political plans to create a powerful anti-Catholic force out of the Czechs did not materialize, in 1884 a decree was issued prohibiting Czech immigrants from buying land in Volyn. For a time, Czech immigration to Ukrainian lands stopped, but at the same time, Czech immigrants who had already settled down became an important component of the development of industry and entrepreneurship in the late nineteenth century.