Business Establishments Research Articles

Understanding women entrepreneurship in Vietnam: motivators and barriers through integration of two theoretical frameworks

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore the motivators and barriers faced by successful women entrepreneurs in Vietnam, a country with high rates of early-stage and established business ownership by women. By integrating the push-pull theory with macro, meso, and micro-level factors, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the factors influencing female entrepreneurship in this context.Design/methodology/approachThe data for this exploratory qualitative study were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 31 successful female entrepreneurs in Vietnam. The analysis was conducted using NVivo software, employing thematic analysis to identify the motivators and barriers associated with women’s entrepreneurship.FindingsThe findings indicate that women are motivated to start businesses by push factors like job dissatisfaction, economic improvement, and family support, as well as pull factors such as time flexibility, autonomy, and personal development. Barriers are identified at different levels: micro-level challenges include lack of financial support, inadequate skills, and work-life balance issues; meso-level barriers involve insufficient training programs, and macro-level barriers are shaped by gender prejudice. Notably, specific to the sectors, the lack of business training is a major challenge for women in consultancy, tourism, and retail sectors, alongside financial constraints in retail and services.Originality/valueAs a theoretical contribution, this study presents a novel model that integrates push/pull theory with macro, meso, and micro-level factors to analyze the motivators and barriers for female entrepreneurship. This integrated model offers a comprehensive view of women’s entrepreneurship in Vietnam’s transitional economy, enhancing understanding of their motivations and challenges, addressing existing gaps, and suggesting practical implications.

You’ve Got Mail! The Late 19th Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance

This paper examines the impact of the expansion of the U.S. Postal Service in the late 19th century on firm creation and performance. Utilizing newly digitized archival data on historic business establishments, post office locations, and road networks in California, our study identifies a positive relationship between the expansion of the Postal Service and the emergence of new firms. To address endogeneity concerns, we leverage an unexpected change in the Postal Service route network. Our findings suggest that the Postal Service played a significant role in facilitating firm entry by acting as a carrier of specialized knowledge rather than as a financial service or mass communication infrastructure. We further reveal that, although increased competition from new entrants generally exerted downward pressure on incumbent firms, those relying on specialized knowledge and public technology inputs significantly benefited from local Postal Service access. Taken together, our study underscores the critical role played by the Postal Service in knowledge diffusion and local economic development by enabling the sourcing of specialized knowledge and technologies from other geographies. Overall, our results contribute to a broader understanding of how communication and knowledge dissemination infrastructure can drive entrepreneurship and firm growth, carrying important implications for contemporary discussions on infrastructure development, its potential to stimulate entrepreneurial activity, innovation, and foster local economic communities. This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations. Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Harvard Business School Division of Research and Faculty Development. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03369 .

Strategic management factors within the organization of the tourism service business in the capital city of Prabang, Luang Prabang province, case study: hotel-resort business

This research aims to study the business conditions of the hotel-resort business in Prabang capital, to study the strategic management factors within the organization of the hotel-resort business in Prabang capital, and to study the marketing management strategic factors of the hotel-resort business in Prabang capital. The population used in the research was entrepreneurs or hotel-resort business executives within 74 business units. The research tool is a questionnaire with a reliability value of 0.986, the statistics used for data analysis are: frequency value, mean value, standard deviation and binary regression coefficient analysis. The research finds that: The operation condition of hotel-resort business in Luang Prabang are mostly business establishment by registration under the form of sole proprietorship, business establishment between 1 - 5 years, employing between 6 - 50 people, the main customers are internal customers, the provision of ancillary services is catering services. The sale of services through online social media is available. There is a marketing promotion through online social media. And all of the business are a business that has become a member of a business group/business project. The management factors within the organization found that the strategic factors of management within the organization as a whole are important to the operation of the hotel-resort business in the capital city of Prabang at many levels, which include: strategic factors are most important to business operations in the first order and followed by organizational structure factors are most important. In this form factors, work performance system factors, knowledge/skills factors, personnel factors and shared value factors are very important to business operations. The marketing management factor is given importance to be applied in the operation of the business as a whole at the highest level including: the service process factor, the service channel factor, the personnel factor, the price factor and the physical aspect management factor, which is the factor that the business gives importance to the operation at the most level. And for the service marketing management factor and the marketing promotion factor are the factors that the business gives importance to the performance at many levels.

"Without a man's decision, nothing works": Building resilience to Rift Valley fever in pastoralist communities in Isiolo Kenya.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that affects both livestock and humans. Men and women in pastoralist communities are vulnerable to RVF risk exposure because of their different roles and reliance on livestock products. This study sought to understand how ownership and decision-making in pastoralist male and female-headed households influence coping mechanisms and resilience to Rift Valley fever (RVF), using the three resilience capacities of absorptive, adaptive, and transformative. This study was conducted in two sub-counties (Garbatulla) and Merti), Isiolo County, Kenya. Data were collected through 16 focus group discussions and 13 key informant interviews with pastoralists and animal and human health stakeholders. The findings indicate that traditionally, men have the final say on decisions related to livestock ownership and make overall household decisions. Pastoralist men and women employ different approaches, including hygiene practices and mosquito nets, community knowledge dissemination, establishment of new businesses, utilization of healthcare, and indigenous medicines, to reduce the effects of RVF in both humans and livestock. They also collaborated with community disease surveillance initiatives to strengthen disease surveillance networks and gain access to county government support. This process fosters resilience, community empowerment, and transformative and sustainable adaptation responses to RVF.

California Warehouse Industry Worker Injury Rates in the Occupational Health and Safety Administration's Injury Tracking Application, 2018-2023.

Occupational health and safety surveillance in the US relies primarily on federal and state administrative data sources which all have limitations created by underreporting and different sampling frames. To begin closing data gaps, in 2019 the federal Occupational Health and Safety Administration began requiring many US business establishments to submit injury and illness data to the Injury Tracking Application (ITA). We present an example use of these data by characterizing injuries in the California warehousing industry. Yearly ITA data for 2018-2023 were obtained and cleaned to exclude invalid records, resulting in 3717 records from California General Warehousing and Storage (GWS, NAICS 493110) establishments. Annual rates of total reportable injuries and cases of injuries requiring days of job transfer or restriction (DJTR) were calculated. Total injury rates peaked in 2021, with 5.87 injuries per 100 workers. While total injury rates subsequently declined, 2023 DJTR rates remained elevated over 2018 rates (3.21 vs. 1.84 per 100 workers). The primary analytical limitations were potential bias due to underreporting, and difficulty in identifying warehouse establishments. The ITA data are a valuable addition to existing administrative data sources, with several limitations similar to those in other administrative datasets. The findings of consistently elevated total and DJTR injury rates in California's warehousing industry are consistent with previous research and indicate that outreach and enforcement efforts should be expanded to protect the health and safety of warehouse workers.

Risking established businesses: Does the green capital city encourage sustainable green entrepreneurship pioneering?

In the context of establishing businesses in a new region, neglecting environmental orientation may lead to the omission of crucial motives for entrepreneurs’ migration and the subsequent course of their businesses. This present study aims to investigate the effect of green space quality (GSQ), green campaign (GC), and green attitude (GA) on green entrepreneurship pioneering intention (GEPI). Further, national pride (NP) was added as a moderator. This study utilized a cross-sectional approach using a survey method targeting small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners who will be relocated to the new capital city. Partial least square structural equation modeling was employed in the data analysis. The results revealed that GSQ, GC, and GA positively influence GEPI. Also, NP moderates the positive influences of GC and GA on GEPI. Entrepreneurs were motivated to pioneer green entrepreneurship in the new region due to environmental factors. Furthermore, their nationalism reinforces the connection between environmental motivations and the aspirations to undertake such pioneering endeavors. The findings present valuable insights for governments to formulate policies that encourage entrepreneurs to migrate internally and establish new economic nodes. Further, the results demonstrate how nationalism encourages green business pioneering endeavors in an untapped market.

Impact of Foreign Employment on Entrepreneurial Activities in Pokhara Metropolitan City

This research investigates the influence of foreign employment on the business establishment in the home countries of labour migrants through mediating roles of increased income, skill acquisition, and experience, within the context of entrepreneurial economics. Employing a descriptive and analytical research design, the study utilises primary quantitative data to analyse the relationships among these variables rigorously. The findings demonstrate that experience and skills acquired abroad significantly influence the likelihood of business establishment upon return. In contrast, the anticipated positive effects of increased earnings resulting from foreign employment were found to be statistically insignificant in driving entrepreneurial activity. These findings underscore the pivotal role of human capital development, particularly through skill acquisition, experience and education, in fostering entrepreneurship among returning migrants, as opposed to relying solely on financial aspects. This research contributes to the existing literature by elucidating the complex interplay between foreign employment, remittances, and entrepreneurial outcomes, thereby providing valuable insights for potential interventions to foster entrepreneurial activities.

The ecology of business environments and consequences for crime

AbstractResearch has typically focused on how certain types of business establishments are associated with the location of crime on street blocks. Studies in this genre, however, often have not accounted for the general business context of the block on which a business is located. This study uses a large sample of blocks in Southern California to test whether the context of businesses matters. We assess whether a nonlinear relationship exists between the total businesses on a block and crime, whether differences exist based on broad categories of businesses—consumer‐facing businesses, blue‐collar businesses, and white‐collar businesses—and whether the mixing of businesses on a block impacts crime. The study finds strong evidence that blocks with more business mixing have higher levels of crime. A 1 standard deviation increase in business mixing is associated with 35%–95% more crime. The relationship between business mixing and crime is moderated by the size of the population on the block. Evidence also shows differences in relationships with crime between consumer‐facing and white‐ or blue‐collar businesses. Only modest evidence shows that specific business types are related to crime levels after accounting for this general business context.

INTEGRATED APPROACHES, NEW TRENDS AND INNOVATIONS IN MENU DEVELOPMENT FOR THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY

The article examines modern approaches to menu development in restaurant business establishments, highlighting its pivotal role in shaping an establishment's image, attracting customers, and improving financial performance. The study explores marketing, technological, creative, ecological, and customer-oriented approaches, each contributing to the menu's attractiveness and relevance. The primary functions of a menu are analyzed, including its informational, marketing, managerial, quality control, and customer satisfaction roles. Key trends are discussed, such as the incorporation of local and seasonal ingredients, healthy dining options, innovative cooking techniques, and interactive elements. The article underscores the importance of adapting menus to shifts in demand, evolving gastronomic trends, and changing customer preferences. Emphasis is placed on the role of innovation in enhancing the competitiveness of food service establishments. Current trends influencing menu development are also highlighted, including the rising demand for local and seasonal products, healthier food choices, vegan and vegetarian options, and exotic ingredients. Additionally, the importance of continual menu adaptation to dynamic market needs, customer preferences, and emerging culinary trends is stressed. This adaptability is essential for restaurants to maintain their competitiveness and relevance in the ever-evolving food service industry.

Socio-Economic Impacts of Energy Poverty on Households in Ikorodu Communities, Lagos State, Nigeria

The study investigated the Ikorodu community's energy poverty status by adopting the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index to assess each sub-community, as it centers on energy poverty. The study used both quantitative and qualitative assessments of data obtained from primary and secondary sources. The primary data was sourced from a questionnaire administered to households while secondary data was sourced mostly from the National Bureau of Statistics’ Nigeria Living Standard Survey (NLSS) dataset. Additional secondary data was obtained from the Lagos State socio-economic data survey which included the Ikorodu subset. The result showed that about half (42%) of the community was energy-poor while more than half (58%) were energy-non-poor. The study revealed energy poverty has a huge impact on the economic development of the studied communities, as there was a positive and significant correlation between energy poverty and educational, health, and economic activities. More specifically, energy poverty reduces social inclusion, diminishes the education level of the residents of the communities, lessens the quality of life and healthcare, and discourages business activities and the establishment of new businesses in the area. Given these findings, the study emphasizes the need for government intervention and public awareness to increase access to electricity through renewable energy sources. Additionally, it recommends promoting- clean and cost-effective energy alternatives to address the pressing issue of energy poverty within the community.

Strengthening The Independence of The King Saguna Jaya Sea Shell Artisan Group in Increasing Production Towards Export Markets in Serangan Village, South Denpasar District

Especially handicrafts in Bali Province are experiencing very rapid development. The developments in question include dynamic forms, interests and production. Crafts from the island of the gods have a uniqueness in the form that can be seen from their very diverse types and reflect the culture and society of the island of Bali. In addition, the handicraft industry on the island of Bali is not only produced by established businesses, but also household-scale craftsmen who produce products with excellent quality. Along with the development of social media, resulting in the increasing popularity of Balinese craftsmen, this triggered an increase in handicraft orders from all over the world. One of the unique things is handicrafts in the form of handicrafts made from sea shells produced by craftsmen in Serangan Village There are several sea shell craft business groups in the Serangan area, one of which is a self-help business group initiated by I Made Kanan Jaya under the name King Saguna. The King Saguna group is a target group for PKM activities consisting of 13 shellfish artisans. This craft utilizes seashells including shell powder to become a craft that is worth selling. The raw materials for making them use local materials by buying from the public or fishermen. Not only environmentally friendly, but it can also help the economy of the surrounding community.Based on the results of observations of shellfish artisan partners, there are several problems that hinder partners in developing their businesses, including a lack of understanding of production input and output management , very limited production support facilities, lack of understanding to export, where craftsmen are constrained by information and access to start the export process; and lack of understanding of adequate bookkeeping. The purpose of the implementation of this partnership program is to support the increase in production and increase interest towards the export market., artisan groups are starting to be able to prepare the necessary documents for the prerequisites for permission to ship abroad if at any time is needed as well as study market trends through social media.There are three activities carried out in the community partnership program, namely mentoring and training for independent management of production inputs and outputs, and socialization of procedures for exporting. Counseling and training on bookkeeping The results of the program implementation show that after mentoring and socialization activities, partners are able to carry out financial recording to be more structured, thereby reducing errors during the financial recording process, increasing understanding of business management from the production side, as well as the desire to increase sales towards the international/export market .

Research on the Comprehensive Cost of Secondary Demand Inventory Model

In this inventory model, we developed an inventory system having the time varying demand. The deterioration of items is not considered in this inventory model. The rate of inventory is a combined effect of time and demand. Shortages are also not considered in this model. Holding cost, ordering cost are major effective costs in this model. My aim in this model to study of the total cost to minimize with reference of parameters used in this model, that is major objective of any industry for establishment of business. For validation of the model, the numerical example is also illustrated in the end of study.

Retaining the Workforce: A Study on the Preferences of Selected Business Establishments in Retaining their Employees

Retaining the Workforce: A Study on the Preferences of Selected Business Establishments in Retaining their Employees

Vocational Education Administration, Bilateral System under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Kalasin Province

Background and Aims: Vocational education administration Dual system of educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission. It is a professional education arrangement that arises from an agreement between an educational institution and a business establishment. The main objective is to develop and train professional skills for students. To prepare for future work the objectives of this research are to study the following: (1) Level of administration of vocational education, dual system, of vocational education in Kalasin Province. According to the standards for managing vocational education in the dual system of the Vocational Education Commission. To assess the quality and efficiency of operations at the operational level. 2) Compare the level of vocational education administration in the dual system of vocational education in Kalasin Province. To find differences in management in various areas and the use of various approaches to develop educational quality. (3) Study guidelines for promoting or developing the administration of vocational education, a dual system, of educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Kalasin Province. To suggest ways to improve and develop educational administration to be more efficient. Methodology: In this research the sample group used was a total of 196 people. The research tool was a questionnaire with a 5-level rating scale, which had a confidence value of 0.81 and an internal consistency (IOC) in the range of 0.6-1.00. This questionnaire was designed to inquire about the administration of vocational education. Dual system of educational institutions under the Kalasin Provincial Vocational Education Institute. For data analysis use basic statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and statistical tests used to compare differences, including t-test and F-test. Results: The results of the research found that: (1) Vocational education administration overall, it was at a high level. (2) Results of comparative analysis of opinions regarding vocational education administration classified by position, educational level, and size of educational institution found that there was no difference. (3) Guidelines for developing vocational education administration It is necessary to be supported and encouraged to be able to develop and adapt to the changes in today's industrial world. The various areas that should be developed include: 1) Quality of graduates: They must have knowledge and abilities that are accepted by the industry. 2) Curriculum development: Curriculum should be developed together with entrepreneurs and other stakeholders. 3) Measurement and evaluation: An effective measurement and evaluation system should be developed. 4) Cooperation between Educational institutions and business establishments: There should be strong relationships and cooperation in developing students. Conclusion: Vocational education administration Dual system of educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Kalasin Province. It is necessary to strengthen cooperation between educational institutions and enterprises. By giving the private sector an opportunity to participate in setting criteria and guidelines in various areas to be clear and consistent with the needs of the labor market. In this regard, there should be an effective evaluation process in order for management to be systematic and produce good results.

Skills of Educational Institution Administrators in the 21st Century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Pathum Thani Province

Background and Aims: The world in the 21st century has undergone marked changes from the 20th century, especially in the advancement of digital technology. This makes our world noticeably borderless or narrower. This change has a huge impact on all sectors. Including administration in educational institutions in the new era educational administrators in the 21st century must therefore play an important role in setting directions, policies, and leading educational institutions to success. With outstanding characteristics such as high intellectual skills professionalism in management Having a creative mind, a good attitude, and a broad vision. This research has the following objectives: (1) Study the level of skills of educational institution administrators in the 21st century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province. (2) Compare the level of opinions of personnel on the skills of educational institution administrators in the 21st century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province. Classified by educational level, position, and work experience. (3) Study guidelines for developing the skills of educational institution administrators in the 21st century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province. Methodology: The sample group used in the research was 348 personnel under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province, in the academic year 2023, which were obtained by stratified random sampling. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire that was a 5-level rating scale with an IOC value in the range of 0.80 - 1.00 and a confidence value of 0.88. In addition, a structured interview was used as a secondary tool to supplement additional information. For the statistics used in data analysis, such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, T-test, F-test and pairwise difference test using Scheffe' method. Results: The results of the research found that (1) skills of educational institution administrators in the 21st century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province overall, it was at the "high" level. When considering each aspect, it was found that the skills of school administrators in the 21st century were at the "high" level in every aspect. (2) Results of a comparative analysis of the skills of school administrators in the 21st century, classified by educational level, position, and work experience found that: 1) Skills of educational institution administrators according to educational level and position Overall, the differences were statistically significant at the .05 level. 2) Skills of school administrators according to work experience. Overall, they are not different. (3) Guidelines for developing the skills of school administrators in the 21st century. It was found that administrators organized workshops to provide teachers with knowledge and understanding about using the curriculum. As well as developing a competency-based teaching curriculum in collaboration with business establishments and outside agencies. There is also personnel development to create innovations, technology, and inventions for teaching and learning. Use technology to learn and there are adequate learning resources with information technology systems available Promote and support teachers and instructors to have knowledge and understanding and be able to follow measurement and evaluation regulations correctly. Conclusion: Skills of educational administrators in the 21st century. Administrators understand principles and concepts. management theory Able to apply and manage according to the situation effectively, able to manage resources efficiently, systematically and to maximum benefit.

Factors Affecting Personal Attitude of Undergraduate Agricultural Students to Start a Business

This study investigates the relationship between access to resources, subjective norms sociocultural forces; and the personal attitude of undergraduate agricultural students towards establishing a business. This relationship was looked at from a family-business status viewpoint. Data was collected from students of the six universities in South Africa registered for various agricultural programmes. Data analysis was computed using SPSS version 29. The study confirmed that subjective norms and sociocultural forces predict personal attitude towards starting a business, but not access to resources. The moderating role of family business status was not statistically significant for all factors. However, undergraduate agricultural students' access to resources and family business status relationships from families not owning a business were statistically significant. A significant relationship was also found between subjective norms and the family business status of agricultural students. The entrepreneurial syllabus should expose students to these extrinsic factors, as this shapes their attitude towards engaging in entrepreneurship. A positive personal attitude will likely lead to business establishment. Farming and entrepreneurship can address youth unemployment, employment creation, economic growth, and fighting poverty. Entrepreneurship is influenced by access to resources; however, agricultural students aren't finding it significant. Therefore, entrepreneurial education is essential for students to gain knowledge of this important business start-up factor.

Enforcement of the Skill Development Promotion Act B.E. 2545 of Business Establishments in Samut Prakan Province

Enforcement of the Skill Development Promotion Act B.E. 2545 of Business Establishments in Samut Prakan Province

Features of the restaurant market and consumer behavior in the Moscow restaurant business segment: study results

The article presents a comprehensive study results aimed at identifying peculiarities of the restaurant market and consumer behavior in the Moscow restaurant business segment. Within the framework of the research three stages have been realized. At the first stage the Moscow restaurant market macroenvironment has been analyzed to identify external factors of influence on modern restaurant business. The external factors of positive and negative impact on the restaurant industry development have been structured and described. At the second stage to identify the main trends of the Moscow restaurant market the method of content analysis of the Moscow restaurant business establishments sites with high rating indicators based on the Yandex neural network data was used. The main trends of the Moscow restaurant market are: restaurants’ focus on preparing healthy food and vegetarian cuisine; use of farm products and local ingredients in prepared dishes; technological innovations implementation that simplify consumer experience; focus on the principles of sustainable development and environmental friendliness in the business model; restaurant formats variety. At the third stage of the study, a survey has been conducted among visitors to Moscow restaurants and cafes to identify consumer behavior. The identified consumer practices in the restaurant market indicate, on the one hand, active involvement of the audience in visiting Moscow restaurants, cafes, and bars, and on the other hand, the use of restaurant meal delivery services via restaurant websites or mobile applications. The dominant influence of rational factors in consumers’ choice of a restaurant to visit and changes in the consumer motivation structure when visiting restaurants and cafes have been revealed.

Financial performance of new circular economy companies in rural settings

AbstractThis study examines how rural conditions affect the establishment and performance of new circular economy (CE) companies—those that reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover materials in their processes—focusing on their longevity, financial performance, and distribution of economic value to stakeholders. We hypothesize that while rural conditions generally lead to fewer business establishments, the liability of rurality is less severe for CE companies than for others. We also anticipate that new CE companies will grow more slowly but achieve better performance, resulting in higher survival rates compared to those in other sectors. Our empirical analysis includes all CE companies established in Spain over the past decade. The results indicate that rural CE companies have higher survival rates than their urban counterparts, even after controlling for factors like subsidies and personnel costs. Although rural CE companies exhibit slower growth, they achieve greater profitability. Thus, the CE sector in rural areas demonstrates sustainability not only through its circular practices but also in financial terms, offering significant implications for investors seeking sustainable ventures.

Effects of electric vehicle charging stations on the economic vitality of local businesses

Electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) are essential for promoting cleaner transportation by facilitating electric vehicle recharging. This study explores their broader economic impact on nearby businesses, analyzing data from over 4000 EVCS and 140,000 business establishments in California. Results show that installing one EVCS boosts annual spending at a nearby establishment by 1.4% ($1,478) in 2019 and 0.8% ($404) from January 2021 to June 2023. The effect is more pronounced when a point of interest (POI) is within 100 meters of an EVCS, with spending increasing by 2.7% in 2019 and 3.2% from January 2021 to June 2023 for that POI. Public EVCS tend to attract higher-income, exploratory visitors, and local residents. Moreover, they notably enhance businesses in underprivileged areas, defined as disadvantaged and/or low-income areas designated by both California and Justice40, indicating the importance of expanding EVCS in such communities. This study highlights EVCS as drivers of local economic growth and stresses the economic benefits of multi-host EVCS setups.