Establish Trust Relationships Research Articles

Enhancing Logistics Performance through Increased Trust and Collaboration in Supply Chain Risk Management: A Focus on the Distribution Network of Manufacturing Companies

This study aims to explore the significance of trust among companies within the supply chain and investigate its effect on collaborative supply chain risk management. In the current uncertain business environment, it is crucial for companies to establish trust relationships with their trading partners and collaboratively manage risks. This research seeks to understand how such trust relationships influence collaborative risk management and, subsequently, the effect of risk management collaboration on logistics performance. This study surveyed manufacturing companies in the Korean supply chain, and data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. The results of this study imply that cognitive trust, related to the partner’s expertise and capabilities, is more crucial than emotion-based affective trust in fostering collaborative supply chain risk management among companies within the supply chain, especially in the current unpredictable and complex business environments. Given the supply chain disruptions caused by uncertainties in the business environment, it is imperative to effectively manage risks and restructure the disrupted supply chain. Therefore, companies need to strive to demonstrate their expertise and capabilities to build cognitive trust and enhance logistics performance through supply chain risk management collaboration.

The history of the formation of "soft power" resources in the foreign cultural policy of the Italian Republic

The subject of the research in this article is the history of the formation of the resources of the "soft power" of the Italian Republic. The object of research in this article is the activities and experience of the Italian Republic in the XX century within the framework of foreign cultural policy to promote a positive image of the country on the basis of its own national culture and its components. The article aims to provide an overview of the development of the concept of "soft power", the history of its formation, as well as the study of Italy's experience in using its cultural heritage as tools for forming a positive image of its national culture abroad. The study of this issue in several directions, depending on the goals of the state, allowed us to consider in dynamics what was the basis for the current state and functioning of foreign cultural policy, in Italian practice based mainly on elements of national culture. One of the key aspects of the formation of Italy's soft power resources is its rich cultural heritage. Italy is known for its great works of art, architecture, music, cuisine and fashion. These cultural elements have become an important tool for attracting attention and respect to the country abroad. When using general scientific methods of information analysis and synthesis, observation, systematization, classification, interpretation and forecasting, the main milestones of the development of "soft power" in the Italian Republic are examined in detail, which makes it possible to trace on which resources the popularization of national culture is based and which areas have been allocated by the state over time to increase the attractiveness and prestige of the country, as well as establishing trusting relationships with potential partners. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that today the connection between national culture and soft power is an important aspect of the state's foreign policy, which arouses some interest in the topic. The interest in studying this aspect is also explained by the fact that today the skillful application of the policy of "soft power" comes to the fore in cultural diplomacy, which shows the country's ability to achieve its goals through the attractiveness of its lifestyle, values and culture, and not through military force, implying the emergence of certain threats. In connection with the conclusions obtained, it is possible to identify how the development of modern trends in the transmission of the image of national culture developed, which are now actively promoted by the Italian Republic through the policy of "soft power", contributing to the establishment of friendly relations, increasing prestige and increasing influence in the international arena.

A trustworthy data collection scheme based on active spot-checking in UAV-Assisted WSNs

The UAV-WSN systems integrates the flexibility of UAVs with the communication and sensing capabilities of WSNs, making them important means of information monitoring, collection, and analysis in various fields that has received widespread attention. However, various malicious attacks pose threats to the security of UAV-WSN systems, resulting in serious vulnerabilities in trustworthy data collection. Therefore, in this article, we propose an Active Spot-Checking-based Trustworthy Data Collection (ASC-DC) scheme, which makes the following main contributions: (1) A novel UAV-assisted active and verifiable node trust evaluation framework is proposed. It includes an active trust acquisition mechanism based on spot-checked factors of nodes and a node trustworthy interaction mechanism based on Authoritative Information Tables (AIT). Through actively spot-check nodes using UAV, this framework can rapidly and accurately evaluate node trustworthiness while assisting sensor nodes in establishing trust relationships quickly. (2) A layered trust computation model is proposed, where the primary trust computation and node security supervision tasks are offloaded to more powerful UAV, thereby reducing information congestion and node energy consumption caused by trust evaluation in the WSN. (3) An improved Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed to efficiently acquire UAV’s spot-checking flight trajectories. It reduces the cost of spot-checking nodes using UAV and improves the efficiency of trust verification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ASC-DC scheme can accurately evaluate node trustworthiness in an efficient way, ensuring reliable data collection in UAV-WSN systems.

The impact of green and low carbon agricultural production on farmers’ income in minority areas: a case study of Y Town, Zhijin County, Guizhou Province

Developing green and low-carbon agriculture is an important and effective way to promote farmers’ income growth. Given the country’s “dual carbon” goal, the study of the impact of green and low-carbon agriculture on the income of farmers in ethnic minority areas is crucial for China to achieve the goals of socialist modernization and common prosperity. Taking Y Town, Zhijin County, Guizhou Province as an example, this paper uses the OLS regression method to empirically study the impact of green and low-carbon agricultural production methods on the income of farmers in ethnic minority mountainous agricultural areas based on the field survey data of 881 farmers. The regression results indicate that there is a positive correlation between green and low-carbon agricultural production and the household income levels of farmers; adopting green and low-carbon agricultural production technologies can effectively promote the growth of farmers’ household income. In addition, education level, health status, and the new rural social pension insurance have all had a significant effect on the income of rural households, however, due to the difficulty in establishing trust relationships, agricultural service outsourcing has reduced the household income level of farmers. As an example, the land transfer behavior in Y Town has no significant effect on increasing farmers’ incomes. Finally, it is recommended to increase fiscal and financial support as well as effectively enhancing farmers’ policy awareness and perception of green and low-carbon agricultural production technologies by improving farmers’ general trust and institutional trust by strengthening farmers’ agricultural education and skills training while cultivating technology-based farming. At the same time, it is necessary to break the geographical restrictions on land transfer scale and achieve moderate-scale land management while promoting the use and adoption of green and low-carbon agricultural production technologies, thereby improving agricultural production efficiency and product quality, and increasing the sustainable growth of farmers’ income. The main contribution of this study is to expand the research scope of green and low-carbon agriculture to ethnic minorities and mountainous agricultural areas.

Interprofessional collaborative practice requirement embedded in a psychiatry clerkship for medical students

Embedding interprofessional education (IPE) into medical student curricula in clinically-relevant contexts can be challenging. The goal of this educational activity was to facilitate progression of interprofessional competencies in medical students as they completed a clinical clerkship in psychiatry. Third year medical students were provided with a menu of 18 patient-care activities that they could complete in conjunction with a non-physician member of the healthcare team (e.g. therapist, nurse, social worker, etc.) to advance collaborative practice knowledge and skills. Students were required to complete a minimum of two activities from the menu. Learning objectives focused on demonstrating respect for those with whom they worked (patients and staff); recognizing one's own limitations; engaging with other professionals to collaborate and integrate clinical care; using respectful language, and performing effectively as a team member. To assess the extent to which these objectives were attained, a rubric was developed for students to quantitatively and qualitatively self-reflect on the extent and manner in which they achieved the competencies. All students (n = 144) completed the clerkship assignment, and 82 students opted to allow their data to be used for research (57%). This cohort of students rated themselves highly (≥4.4 out of 5) on all competency statements. Written reflections detailed examples of ways the students demonstrated interprofessional competencies and what they learned from working alongside colleagues from other professions - including gaining new insights from collaboration with the health professionals, the importance of establishing trusting relationships, and the value that non-physician team members provide when caring for psychiatry patients. Clerkships are ideal opportunities for students to engage in interprofessional collaborative practice. Intentional practice experiences provide students with opportunities to execute IPE skills with colleagues while learning new knowledge, practicing new behaviors/skills, and gaining new insights about other professionals.

외국인 근로자의 조직 신뢰가 근로환경 만족도에 미치는 영향

As of 2022, the number of migrant workers entering the Korea through the Employment Permit System has surpassed 84,000, with the employment permit quota expanding to 110,000 individuals in 2023. These migrant workers mainly find employment in sectors typically shunned by domestic laborers, such as manufacturing, small and medium-sized enterprises, construction, agriculture, and fisheries. The Korean government has been implementing measures to mitigate the labor shortage in these industrial sectors due to a declining birth rate and an aging population, with a concerted effort to normalize the influx of foreign workers through policy support.
 Given that a substantial portion of foreign workers occupies roles in production settings, they often exhibit lower expectations regarding organizational responsibility and job engagement compared to their Korean workers. Language communication barriers and cultural adaptation issues further complicate the establishment of trust relationships in the workplace. Consequently, there exists a compelling need to comprehend the influence of organizational trust, trust in superiors, and job engagement—significant components of strategic human resource management measures—on satisfaction with the working environment, even in workplaces that employ foreign workers. This study seeks to enhance the working conditions and ensure occupational safety and health for foreign workers by examining the mediating role of job engagement and the moderating influence of trust to their supervisors in the relationship between the migrant workers' organizational trust and their satisfaction with the working environment. The main goal of this study is to offer practical insights for business preparations in their workplace.
 This study analyzed responses from 288 migrant workers collected through the 6th Working Environment Survey. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to assess the relationships among organizational trust, trust in supervisors, organizational commitment, and satisfaction with the working environment. The findings revealed that migrant workers' trust in their organization positively influences their overall satisfaction with the working environment. Additionally, organizational trust was found to significantly affect organizational commitment. Organizational commitment partially mediates the relationship between organizational trust and work environment satisfaction, and trust in immediate supervisors strengthens the positive relationship between organizational trust and commitment.
 These findings provide essential insights into the dynamics of organizational trust among migrant workers and its implications for job satisfaction and engagement. This research contributes to the development of practical strategies for employers and managers to enhance organizational trust and commitment among migrant workers. It also highlights the importance of safety behaviors and leadership in workplaces that employ a significant number of migrant workers, emphasizing the need for establishing a safety culture in these settings.

Data Sharing Scheme of Smart Grid Based on Identity Condition Proxy Re-Encryption

A large amount of high-value data are stored in smart grid data centers, but since the resource diversity of a single data center is limited, data sharing becomes especially important in conducting an effective data mining process. However, traditional data-sharing models often use centralized schemes without authentication of the shared objects, making it difficult to establish trust relationships and ensure data privacy. This makes it difficult to break through the problem of data islands. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a blockchain-based data-sharing incentive model for edge smart grid scenarios. First, the model uses blockchain and proxy re-encryption technology to achieve the security and traceability of the smart grid data-sharing process. Secondly, the data-sharing incentive algorithm is designed using game theory to maximize the willingness of data owners to share data. Finally, the model in this paper is compared and analyzed with other existing data-sharing models, and the designed performance test shows that the scheme in this paper has significant advantages over the other literature schemes in terms of functionality and computational overhead, and the increase in costs is not significant, and the model can meet the requirements for large-scale data sharing in edge smart grid scenarios.

Building trust in elementary schools: the impact of home school community collaboration

There is a general consensus among contemporary social scientists that social trust is important(Alexander, 2003; Coleman, 1990; Delhey & Newton, 2003; Huang, 2003; Putnam, 1993). In thecontext of education, trust was seen as a goal and a tool for school improvement (Meier, 2002; Brown, 1998; Schneider & Bryk, 2002). This paper examines teachers’ trust in schools and the factors related to their level of trust. Results of factor analysis show that 19 items measuring teachers’ trust can be categorized into four factors of relational trust: “teachers trust on students”; “parents trust on teachers”; “teachers trust on parent” and “teachers trust on parental involvement”. Results from descriptive analysis indicated that teachers in general hold a positive attitude toward the students and their parents, and majority of teachers are also quite positive towards parents’ support and the mutual respect between teacher and parents in Hong Kong. Results from the hierarchical regression analysis suggested that parent social background factors (SES), but not teachers’ background factors, has the strongest association with teachers’ level of trust. The results suggested that upper-class students are more likely to have higher level of trust on student, trust on parent and trust on parental involvement. However, teachers are more likely work harder to establish trust relationship with parents from working class students. Moreover, the seven types of home-school-community collaboration appears to have different contribution to the dimensions of relational trust in Hong Kong elementary schools even after background factors have taken into account.

Modeling and efficiency analysis of blockchain agriculture products E-commerce cold chain traceability system based on Petri net

The cold chain supply chain of e-commerce has the characteristics of long chain, dispersed production, heterogeneous information sources, etc., which is easy to cause the upstream and downstream information of the supply chain to be broken and opaque. Traditional traceability data is stored in each node enterprise, and there are problems such as low cooperation trust and poor authenticity in the upstream and downstream data transmission process of the supply chain, resulting in consumers' trust crisis on the authenticity of traceability information. Blockchain traceability system through the establishment of multi-party participation, joint maintenance of distributed database, and the use of cryptography and consensus mechanism to establish trust relationships, with data can not be tampered with, sharing of high credibility. On the basis of stochastic Petri net theory, this study constructed a blockchain e-commerce cold chain traceability model centering on the actual application of blockchain technology in logistics traceability to improve the reliability and validity of e-commerce cold chain traceability. Correlation matrix and invariants were used to analyze the validity of the model, and an isomorphic Markov chain was constructed to analyze the effectiveness evolution of the model. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the cold chain traceability system of blockchain e-commerce from the three aspects of the best optimization link, the best synergism scale, and the adaptive ability of the system to provide reference for the improvement of cold chain traceability ability by blockchain technology.

Main-Secondary Blockchain Framework: Cross-Domain Trust Management Mechanism Using Trust Ticket

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) can facilitate smart manufacturing and increase productivity through revolutionary techniques. As production processes are getting more sophisticated, an entire production process is usually completed collaboratively by multiple administrative domains (e.g., factories). Trust management is an effective solution to establish trust relationship between the devices from different administrative domains. Recently, many researchers integrate blockchain into trust management mechanisms. However, the existing methods have the shortcoming of low throughput, high delay and storage overhead, so cannot meet scalability requirements of large-scale IIoT multi-domains scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes a master-slave chain framework to realize a scalable cross-domain trust management mechanism (MSB-CTrust), where trust tickets are used to resolve the heterogeneity issue of trust evaluation methods in different domains. Besides, MSB-CTrust provides embedded salary distribution rules, which are used to encourage all devices to behave honestly based on a revenue strategy game. Performance evaluations in the experiments show the feasibility and effectiveness of MSB-CTrust.

Data Trusted Sharing Delivery: A Blockchain-Assisted Software-Defined Content Delivery Network

The 6G wireless network aims to forge new spectrum, high technical standards of high time and phase synchronization accuracy, and 100% geographic coverage to connect trillions of devices flexibly and efficiently in the future. However, as connectivity increases and applications become novel, it is a challenge to ensure the privacy and security of networks and applications. Blockchain is seen as a promising technology that can improve efficiency, reduce costs, mitigate security and privacy threats, and establish a trusted data-sharing environment. This paper presents a trusted framework based on block chain technology from the perspective of how to build a trusted software-defined content delivery network. As the peer node of blockchain, SDN (Software Defined Network) controller establishes trust between different regions and a wide range of participants, realizing peer autonomy and flexible business orchestration. The two main purposes of the architecture are to enhance the security of network communications and establish trust relationships between entities in different domains. It includes trusted communication based on routing sandbox, service choreography based on block chain, proxy server selection strategy based on MPC (model predictive control) and optimization consensus based on PBFT. Some simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the theoretical method.

Assessment of population satisfaction with the quality of general medical practice in the subject of the Russian Federation: pilot investigation

Introduction. Patient satisfaction is one of the most important indicators of the quality of the health care noted in the priority objectives of state policy this area. 
 The aim of the study was to assess satisfaction with the quality of medical care provided by a general practitioner (GP), using the example of the activities of the Stupino Regional Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Region. 
 Materials and methods. The international EUROPEP questionnaire was used. Statistical processing of the study materials was performed using Statistica 10 and SAS JMP 11.
 Results. Respondents highly evaluated the provision of medical care 17,87 ± 3,05 (17,04; 18,70, p = 0,05). High scores were obtained for the block «accessibility» of medical services, amounting to 21.76 ± 2.53 
 (21.07; 22.45, p = 0.05). Strong positive relationships «patient-GP» interactions (r = 0.9; p < 0.0001), joint decision making, and establishing trusting relationships (r = 0.73; p < 0.0001) were found. The level of trust relationship between patients and GPs was 18.94 ± 4.37 (17.75; 20.14, p = 0.05) and rated high. Problem areas were identified for individual issues in the management of medical care and recommendations for their adjustment were developed.
 Limitations. The research is limited due to a small sample due to the testing of the EUROPEP questionnaire and its adaptation for the Russian health care system. 
 Conclusion. On the example of EUROPEP questionnaire on the base of the the Stupino regional clinical hospital of Moscow region there were obtained high estimates of satisfaction with the quality of medical care, provided by GPs/FDs. The revealed problems in achieving the expected medical results refer to the making of joint decisions and are limited by the interpretation of confidentiality in GP-patient interaction. The applied survey procedure confirms the necessity of wide implementation of the adapted EUROPEP questionnaire in the management of the quality of medical care and for taking corrective measures at the regional level

КОУЧИНГОВИЙ ПІДХІД ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ДЛЯ ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ ДОВІРЛИВИХ СТОСУНКІВ МІЖ БАТЬКАМИ І ПІДЛІТКАМИ

The article reveals the problem of building a trusting relationship between parents and teenagers using a coaching approach. The article analyzes the psychological features of adolescence, briefly describes the conclusions of recent years' research on this problem. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the complexity of problems that arise in adolescence, in particular, in the relationship between parents and adolescents; the importance of providing psychological assistance to parents in the development of positive relationships with adolescent children; as well as the significance of the influence of parents on the formation of the personality of a teenage child. The authors highlight the topic of conscious parenthood; ways of increasing the level of competence of parents, developing their abilities of constructive behavior in interpersonal conflict are revealed; features of parents' use of the coaching approach as a tool for establishing trusting relationships with teenage children are described. The article describes three parenting roles: the role of parent-teachers, parent-administrators, and parent-coaches. Parents of teenagers can take advantage of the opportunity to become mentors, guides for their grown children, providing them with support. A coaching approach in relationships with children is maximum support, where there is no condemnation, evaluation, advice, negative past, but only the present and the future. These are skills that help build a positive dialogue with the child and give positive feedback, ask questions, plan actions, increase motivation and create a supportive environment. But parents need to be taught how to achieve this. And for this purpose, the authors have developed a training program in the coaching format "Being in contact". The task of the training is to help parents find contact not only with their child, but also with themselves, because only by understanding yourself can you better understand your child. The purpose of the training proposed by the authors, which was created and tested in practice: awareness and improvement of the level of psychological parental competence in interaction with teenagers; parents' understanding of their own needs and feelings; expanding the possibilities of understanding the needs, feelings and emotions of your child; mastering basic coaching competencies in raising children; building harmonious communication in the family and successful educational influence on the child in terms of trusting relationships.

Relationship Quality Between Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Partners During Threatening Times: The Role of Contact Frequency and Social Exchanges

ABSTRACT Purpose The United Kingdom’s European Union membership referendum, which marked the end of UK membership in the European Union, created much uncertainty amongst those British and European business practitioners who were accustomed to conducting trade with partners across The North Sea. This exogenous threat to business was subsequently compounded by another serious threat: the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowing that business-to-business (B2B) relationships are particularly important for the success of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and that exogenous threats in the business environment can threaten these relationships, the purpose of this study is to examine whether frequent contact and social exchanges between partners on a range of topics, during threatening times, are positively linked to the relationship qualities of trust, satisfaction, and commitment. Methodology/approach Guided by an explorative, expert interview with a Danish SME owner-manager (OM) who has a great deal of experience conducting business with UK partners, a questionnaire was developed to examine two variables which seemingly play central roles with regard to supporting business relationships during threatening times: contact frequency (how often partners are in contact), and contact scope (how often B2B partners talk together about topics which are social in nature). The questionnaire was administered to 193 Danish SME owners and managers who had British business partners at the time of the BREXIT referendum and the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings The questionnaire revealed a positive relationship between contact frequency and relationship satisfaction and commitment, as well as a positive relationship between contact scope and relationship commitment. However, no significant relationships were found between contact frequency nor contact scope, on the one hand, and the level of trust between business partners on the other. Research implications This study has underscored the usefulness of studying social exchanges, and not just information exchanges, as they are an important, relationship-strengthening aspect of B2B communication. Indeed, while the central role played by informational exchanges in building quality relationships, including trusting relationships, is well-documented, this study increases our understanding of the value of social exchanges to business relationship quality; in particular, their noteworthy link to B2B partners’ willingness to go to great lengths to maintain relationships during challenging times. Practical implications Our findings indicate that simply being in contact with B2B partners and speaking about topics that are not directly related to business is not, on its own, a sufficient means of establishing trusting relationships; however, it is nonetheless worthwhile to take the time to nurture personal relationships with B2B partners. Just a modest amount of contact is positively related to relationship satisfaction, as well as relationship commitment, which can be crucial when unforeseen and threatening times inevitably arise in the business environment. Contribution of the paper Besides enhancing our understanding of the value of frequent and social exchanges in terms of relationship quality, this paper also illustrates a useful means of studying social aspects of business relationships, which are notoriously difficult to study. This is accomplished via a questionnaire study in which respondents are asked to concretely reflect upon and report on the frequency and nature of their contact with specific B2B partners.

Trust-Aware Fog-Based IoT Environments: Artificial Reasoning Approach

Establishing service-driven IoT systems that are reliable, efficient, and stable requires building trusted IoT environments to reduce catastrophic and unforeseen damages. Hence, building trusted IoT environments is of great importance. However, we cannot assume that every node in wide-area network is aware of every other node, nor can we assume that all nodes are trustworthy and honest. As a result, prior to any collaboration, we need to develop a trust model that can evolve and establish trust relationships between nodes. Our proposed trust model uses subjective logic as a default artificial reasoning over uncertain propositions to collect recommendations from other nodes in the IoT environment. It also manages and maintains existing trust relationships established during direct communications. Furthermore, it resists dishonest nodes that provide inaccurate ratings for malicious reasons. Unlike existing trust models, our trust model is scalable as it leverages a Fog-based hierarchy architecture which allows IoT nodes to report/request the trust values of other nodes. We conducted extensive performance studies, and confirm the efficiency of our proposed trust model. The results show that at an early stage of the simulation time (i.e., within the first 2% of the number of transactions), our trust model accurately captures and anticipates the behavior of nodes. Results further demonstrate that our proposed trust model isolates untrustworthy behavior within the same FCD and prevents untrustworthy nodes from degrading trustworthy nodes’ reputations.

A240 "MY FEELINGS AND MY THOUGHTS ARE MY LIVED EXPERIENCE, NOT THE NUMBERS THEY SHOW ME ON A PIECE OF PAPER”: INDIGENOUS EXPERIENCES OF LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

Abstract Background Indigenous peoples in Canada face inequities in healthcare access due to historic and ongoing colonial systems and structures of oppression. Indigenous peoples face greater health challenges including acute/chronic disease and may require consideration for transplantation including liver, kidney, heart, and lung. In a renal transplant study, Indigenous patients were less likely to undergo transplantation compared to non-Indigenous patients on dialysis; the reasons for this disparity are not known. The experiences of Indigenous patients during the liver transplant process in British Columbia, and how transplant professionals perceive challenges faced by Indigenous people, has not been studied. Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore experiences of Indigenous patients during the liver transplant process in British Columbia, and how transplant professionals perceive challenges faced by Indigenous people. This work will provide foundational evidence for improving Indigenous patient care in the transplant process in British Columbia, in response to recommendations made to address systemic and interpersonal racism documented in the In Plain Sight report in 2020. Method Thirteen semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with Indigenous patients (n=7) and transplant care providers (n=6) across British Columbia, Canada. Interpretive description identified themes to inform clinical approaches and transplant care planning. Themes and related recommendations were validated by Indigenous health experts prior to contextualization. Result(s) Interviews were conducted via Zoom from April 2021-May 2022. Among liver transplant patient participants: transplants had occurred between 1992-2020; all were women; and the median age at the time of their interview was 58 years. Among transplant care provider participants, roles included nursing, social work, and surgery; 83% were women; and the median number of years in transplant care was ten. Three broad themes were identified: 1) Indigenous transplant patient participants had strong familial, cultural, and financial supports that were essential to accessing liver transplantation; 2) colonialism has created and perpetuated structural barriers preventing many more Indigenous peoples from being considered eligible for liver transplant; 3) anti-Indigenous racism and a lack of cultural safety and humility are barriers for Indigenous peoples who require timely care for liver disease and for establishing trusting relationships with care providers. Conclusion(s) To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore experiences of Indigenous liver transplant recipients and transplant care providers’ understanding of inequities uniquely experienced by Indigenous peoples. Addressing structural barriers to early linkage to care is needed and training for transplant clinicians on Indigenous histories, complex and intergenerational trauma, and cultural safety is strongly recommended. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Will executive equity incentives affect investor relations management: Empirical evidence from Chinese listed companies.

How to improve the level of investor relationship management of listed companies and establish trust relationship with investors is an important research issue for enterprises in the capital market. From the perspective of optimal contracting theory, we construct a theoretical model to assess how executive equity incentive plans (EEIPs) affect enterprises' investor relationship management. For the analysis purpose, this study looks into panel data issues in depth by using approaches the fixed effect (FE) method, and the study employs the propensity score matching (PSM), instrumental variable method, and core indicator substitution method to test the robustness of the conclusions. Based on the panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2019, our baseline results indicate that EEIPs improves investor relations. This positive effect mainly exists in stock options, rather than restricted stocks. In the sample of enterprises implementing EEIPs, the intensity of executive equity incentive is positively correlated with investor relationship management. Further research shows that EEIPs mainly through telephone communication, network communication and on-site communication to achieve the impact of listed companies investor relationship management. These findings enriches the economics of executive equity incentives from the perspective of investor relations management. At the same time, it has certain guiding significance for improving the design of the incentive system for corporate executives and improving the information efficiency of the capital market.

School Nurse–Parent Partnership in School Health Care for Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Hybrid Method Concept Analysis

To define school nurse-parent partnerships in school health care for children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and determine its attributes using a hybrid model. This method involves a three-phase process: theoretical, fieldwork, and analytical. A literature review was conducted during the theoretical phase. A literature search of articles from January 1991 to February 2020 was conducted using relevant electronic databases. Eighty-three articles that met the inclusion criteria were completely read. Fieldwork data were collected through individual interviews from February to July 2019 in South Korea. In the fieldwork phase, interviews were conducted individually with 22 mothers of students with T1D and 20 school nurses recruited by purposeful sampling. Inductive content analysis was conducted. The findings from the theoretical phase were integrated with those from the fieldwork phase, and the final concept was derived. School nurse-parent partnership in school health care for children with T1D has been defined as an interactive process of maintaining a balanced responsibility and providing tailored care to meet needs by establishing trusting relationships and communicating transparently and openly. This analysis yielded four attributes: trusting relationships, transparent and open communication, balanced responsibility, and providing tailored care to meet needs-this entails providing nursing actions by advocating for students and performing a negotiated role together or individually for student and family. The findings of this study add to the importance of an attribute of balancing responsibility for partnership in school health care. The results show that this partnership could contribute to the development of a scale, theory, and nursing intervention in school health care for children with T1D.

Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion—Utilizing Student Voices During Strategic Decision-Making Processes

Kinesiology administrators make a myriad of strategic decisions throughout their time in leadership. Effective leadership, particularly inclusive excellence leadership, is highlighted by the ability of an individual to utilize a diversity of constituent viewpoints, perspectives, and “voices” to guide their respective decision-making processes. This manuscript includes two students’ stories, as well as main points of discussion by American Kinesiology Association Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion workshop leaders. These perspectives provide not only foundational background information, including student identities, but also strategic actions that are necessary to develop all-inclusive and individualized programming that can successfully overcome systemic barriers. The main identified themes are (a) ease of access to accommodations, (b) a culture of inclusivity, (c) advocating, (d) establishing trusting relationships, (e) welcoming of Indigenous perspectives, and (f) flexible practices and community support.

Suicide Prevention in Nigeria: Can Community Pharmacists Have a Role?

Suicide is a global public health problem and is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Over 700,000 people die by suicide globally each year, affecting all ages, genders, and regions. Community pharmacists are easily accessible and trusted frontline healthcare professionals. They provide pharmaceutical care to the community, yet their role is still yet to be fully optimised. With the expanding role of community pharmacists and their constant accessibility to the local population, they could have a potential role in suicide prevention and awareness in Nigeria through restriction of means, signposting to services, and conversations with patients built on trusting relationships. In this commentary, we review the literature on the involvement of community pharmacists in suicide prevention. In addition, we discuss the potential role of community pharmacists in Nigeria through establishing trusting relationships with patients, clinical counselling, and medication gatekeeping, given the existing gaps in knowledge and awareness of suicide prevention within community settings. This commentary also outlines potential barriers and solutions, making suggestions for future research.