Establish Construct Validity Research Articles

Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate Students Learning Needs using XR Technology

Abstract Background Extended Reality (XR) technology intends to combine or mirror the physical world, including innovative tools that can be applied in education increasing students’ engagement, improving comprehension, and leading to better outcomes. Under the umbrella of the PedXR project about an Extended Reality Learning Framework for Pediatric Nursing students in Higher Education (Erasmus +- 2023-1-EL01-KA220-HED-000161808), a survey was conducted aiming to validate a questionnaire to evaluate Students’ Learning Needs using XR technology (SLN-PedXR). Methods The questionnaire was developed by item generation through a literature review. The SLN-PedXR was validated in terms of content validity through PedXR Consortium (EL, CY, BE, BG) reviews. The psychometric properties of the final instrument were assessed in a sample of 106 nursing students of the Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens, Greece. Results The findings demonstrate high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .877). Principal component analysis was conducted to reduce dimensions and establish construct validity and internal consistency of the developed questionnaire. Following pilot-testing and consortium review, the final validated questionnaire consists of 45 items divided into 3 subcategories (current learning needs satisfaction, preferable learning modules, XR development). Conclusions The SLN-PedXR is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating students’ learning needs using XR technology. Key messages • In the rapidly evolving landscape of technological advancements, educational institutions must integrate innovative learning tools into their curricula. • The discernment of students’ learning needs and the formulation of tailored modules stand as pivotal determinants to optimize educational outcomes particularly within the domain of nursing education.

Takaful as an Islamic Alternative to Conventional Insurance: A Thematic and Bibliometric Review

Islamic insurance, or Takaful, offers a Sharia-compliant alternative to conventional insurance, circumventing the prohibitions on uncertainty, interest, and speculation. This study presents a bibliometric review of 228 Takaful research articles from the Scopus database, using RStudio® for visualization from 1989 - mid 2023. The analysis encompasses science mapping techniques such as co-citation analysis, bibliometric coupling, word analysis, and trending topics on alternative investments. The findings reveal Malaysia as the leading nation in Takaful research, with significant contributions from International Islamic University Malaysia and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Prominent journals in this domain include the Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, Journal of Islamic Marketing, and International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management. This study found the article entitled; “Establishing construct validity and reliability: Pilot testing of a qualitative interview for research in takaful (Islamic insurance)” written by Dikko (2016), as the most global cited document with 61 citations. Notably, the research focus has evolved from operational, shariah principles, and risk management to awareness, family Takaful innovations, micro-Takaful and relationship commitment. This study serves as a valuable resource for researchers, offering quantitative bibliometric insights and thematic analysis, and highlighting areas for future investigation.

Multimethods study to develop tools for competency-based assessments of implementation research training programmes in low and middle-income countries

IntroductionMethods and validated tools for evaluating the performance of competency-based implementation research (IR) training programmes in low–middle-income countries (LMICs) are lacking. In this study, we developed tools for assessing the...

Exploring Stroke Patients' Needs: A Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Modified Needs Assessment Questionnaire in a Greek Context.

Stroke survivors often face diverse unmet needs highlighting the significance of identifying and addressing these needs to enhance rehabilitation outcomes and overall quality of life. This study aimed to validate the modified Needs Assessment Questionnaire (mNAQ) as a reliable and valid tool for assessing the needs of stroke patients in the Greek context. Additionally the research sought to identify potential differences in the assessment of stroke patients' needs based on their stroke phase and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. A sample of 71 adult stroke survivors adhering to World Health Organization guidelines and providing autonomous consent participated in the study. The mNAQ comprising 141 items across 12 domains was utilized to evaluate stroke patients' needs. The NIHSS and Barthel Index (BI) were employed for functional independence and mobility assessment. Data analysis incorporated confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's reliability analysis to establish construct validity and internal consistency. Concurrent and known-groups validity analyses were conducted; and Spearman's rho correlation explored the relationship between mNAQ and BI scores. Non-parametric analyses were applied to identify differences based on stroke phase and NIHSS scores. The study revealed that the mNAQ initially lacked satisfactory psychometric properties in the Greek context. Subsequent modifications guided by confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses resulted in a refined three-factor scale encompassing 31 items in the domains of communication, mobility, and social functioning needs. This adapted measure effectively differentiated between acute and chronic stroke patients and those with minor and moderate strokes. In conclusion, the validated 31-item Greek mNAQ emerges as a crucial tool for comprehensively assessing the needs of stroke patients. Its application holds promise for optimizing post-stroke care improving functional outcomes and ultimately enhancing the overall well-being and quality of life for stroke survivors.

Aiming at Creativity and Ending up with a Range from Low‐Hanging Fruits to Foolishness: A Reflective Model of Creativity

ABSTRACTThe term “creative” is commonly used in everyday language and in academic discourse to discuss the nature of artistic and innovative productions. This usage inherently implies the existence of a variable of creativity that allows different creative works to be compared. The standard definition of creativity asserts that a production must possess both value and novelty in order to be considered truly creative. However, previous psychometric studies aimed at establishing the existence of such a creativity variable based on these two dimensions have produced results that seem to demonstrate their independence or even negative association, based on a weak to negative correlation between value and novelty. These widely replicated empirical results seem to call into question the notion of a single creativity variable associated with productions, leading to a paradoxical use of the term “creative” to describe the object produced. In our study, we aimed to reproduce these results while addressing methodological errors made in previous efforts to establish construct validity. This work led us to test the existence of a common cause for the observed variations in novelty and value. The higher order factor we obtain in our analysis encompasses subtle differences from the conventional creativity axis and interacts negatively with novelty, while correlating positively with value.

Establishing reliability and construct validity for the revised Emotional Social Screening Tool for School Readiness (E3SR-R)

School readiness assessments in South Africa still predominantly focus on the assessment of cognitive skills. The Emotional Social Screening Tool for School Readiness (E3SR) was developed to bridge the perceived gap in assessing emotional-social skills as a domain of school readiness. An emerging body of research reports exists on the psychometric properties and factor structure of the E3SR. An initial validation study recommended a 6-factor solution instead of the theoretical 9-factor model that was proposed in the development of the E3SR. The E3SR (Revised) was also reduced in length. We report here on a pilot study of which the aim was to establish the reliability and construct validity of the E3SR (Revised). A cross-sectional survey design was used to gather data from 9 pre-schools in Cape Town, South Africa. Pre-school teachers (n = 24) constituted the respondent group who completed the E3SR (Revised) screening questionnaires on Grade R learners (n = 394). Analysis was conducted on 321 completed screening questionnaires. With the data analysis we aimed to: a) summarise sample characteristics of teachers and children; b) establish reliability estimates; and c) establish construct validity and confirming the factor structure. Ethics clearance was given by the Humanities and Social Science Research Ethics Committee (HSSREC) of the University of the Western Cape. The study adhered to stipulated ethics requirements. Data failed to show multivariate normality; however, this violation of normality was expected and was theoretically supported. The sample size (n = 321) was sufficient for factor analysis of a 36-item scale. All subscales showed excellent reliability: Cronbach’s alphas ranged between .939 and .971. CFA results demonstrated a good model fit. The E3SR (Revised) was found to be reliable and valid for use. The use of a rigorous methodological process including the decision-making matrix represent good research practice that can be used in instrument development across cultures.

Development and validation of a tool to assess patient and caregiver satisfaction for minor pediatric surgical procedures

IntroductionPatient satisfaction questionnaires offer valuable perspectives on patient experiences and the quality of healthcare received. Despite their importance, a gold standard for measuring patient satisfaction in pediatric surgery remains elusive. This study introduces a patient satisfaction questionnaire designed to fill the gap in evaluating patient experiences specifically in pediatric surgical settings, aiming to create a standardized measure for assessing patient satisfaction. MethodsThe think-aloud method was used with patient advisors and an expert panel of hospital stakeholders to refine a novel patient and caregiver satisfaction tool. Through an iterative process, data was gathered, analyzed and the survey progressively revised. The final survey was then pilot tested. ResultsThree patient advisors and seven hospital stakeholders participated in the study. The think-aloud method was used to establish cognitive, content, and face validity. There were five distinct satisfaction domains established. Pilot testing included 30 participants and was used to establish construct validity and test-retest reliability. ConclusionsThis study addresses the existing gap in measuring patient satisfaction in pediatric surgery settings. The think-aloud method was used to ensure cognitive, content, and face validity ensuring multiple domains are addressed. Pilot testing of the tool showed feasibility in both the operating room and minor procedure room setting while also demonstrating test re-test validity. These results indicate that this questionnaire holds promise for use in a variety of pediatric surgical settings. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings in larger, more diverse populations and to assess its impact on improving patient care and experiences. Type of StudySurvey Development and Validation Study. Level of EvidenceIII

Telephone-based application of the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire in patients with Parkinson's disease

Abstract Background The Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ) focuses on assessing the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) based on the self-perception of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). A Brazilian Portuguese version of the questionnaire is available (ADLQ-Brazil), and further investigation is needed to fully assess its measurement properties. Objective To investigate construct and concurrent validity of the telephone-based administration of the ADLQ-Brazil with community individuals with PD. Methods There were 50 adults with PD (mean age: 68 ± 9.5 years) invited to answer the ADLQ-Brazil on two randomized occasions, face-to-face and by telephone, 7 to 10 days apart. Clinical-based measures including the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, Nine Hole Peg Test, Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test, Apathy Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, and Parkinson Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire were applied during the first session, to establish construct validity. Results The total scores on the ADLQ-Brazil were significantly associated with the clinical-based measures, thus providing evidence of construct validity. No significant differences were observed between the mean scores obtained with the face-to-face and telephone-based administration of the questionnaire (95%CI = 0.997). A high level of agreement was found in the total scores obtained between both applications of the ADLQ-Brazil (95%CI = 0.994–0.998), and most of the individual items had, on average, moderate agreement. Conclusion The findings provide psychometric support for the ADLQ-Brazil as a telephone interview to assess the performance of ADLs in individuals with PD.

Piloting a brief assessment to capture consumption of whole plant food and water: version 1.0 of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine Diet Screener (ACLM Diet Screener).

Despite the availability of various dietary assessment tools, there is a need for a tool aligned with the needs of lifestyle medicine (LM) physicians. Such a tool would be brief, aimed at use in a clinical setting, and focused on a "food as medicine" approach consistent with recommendations for a diet based predominately on whole plant foods. The objective of this study is to describe the development and initial pilot testing of a brief, dietary screener to assess the proportion of whole, unrefined plant foods and water relative to total food and beverage intake. A multidisciplinary study team led the screener development, providing input on the design and food/beverage items included, and existing published dietary assessment tools were reviewed for relevance. Feedback was solicited from LM practitioners in the form of a cross-sectional survey that captured information on medical practice, barriers, and needs in assessing patients' diets, in addition to an opportunity to complete the screener and provide feedback on its utility. The study team assessed feedback and revised the screener accordingly, which included seeking and incorporating feedback on additional food items to be included from subject matter experts in specific cultural and ethnic groups in the United States. The final screener was submitted for professional design, and scoring was developed. Of 539 total participants, the majority reported assessing diet either informally (62%) or formally (26%) during patient encounters, and 73% reported discussing diet with all or most of their patients. Participants also reported facing barriers (80%) to assessing diet. Eighty-eight percent believed the screener was quick enough to use in a clinical setting, and 68% reported they would use it. The ACLM Diet Screener was developed through iterative review and pilot testing. The screener is a brief, 27-item diet assessment tool that can be successfully used in clinical settings to track patient dietary intakes, guide clinical conversations, and support nutrition prescriptions. Pilot testing of the screener found strong alignment with clinician needs for assessing a patient's intake of whole plant food and water relative to the overall diet. Future research will involve pilot testing the screener in clinical interventions and conducting a validation study to establish construct validity.

Public Attitudes and Beliefs About Organ Donation: Development and Validation of a New Instrument.

Background and Purpose: The number of patients in need of lifesaving organ transplants continues to exceed the number of available. One of the most critical factors influencing peoples' practices and rates of organ donation is their attitude and beliefs. This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument that evaluates peoples' attitudes and beliefs about organ donation. Methods: A cross-sectional methodological study was used to guide the development of a questionnaire after reviewing the literature. Results: The initial items (n = 45) were evaluated by 15 nonexperts pilot to verify face validity; then, content validity was established by three experts, and exploratory factorial analysis established construct validity. Afterward, internal consistency was checked using Cronbach's α analysis. Eventually, 31 items were included in the questionnaire, comprising four subscales. Conclusion: According to the results, we found that the "Public Attitudes and Beliefs about Organ Donation" questionnaire has adequate validity and reliability to assess peoples' attitudes and beliefs about organ donation.

Construct Validity Testing of the Provider Co-Management Index to Measure Shared Care in Provider Dyads.

Co-management encompasses the dyadic process between two healthcare providers. The Provider Co-Management Index (PCMI) was initially developed as a 20-item instrument across three theory-informed subscales. This study aimed to establish construct validity of the PCMI with a sample of primary care providers through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants randomly selected from the IQVIA database across New York State. Mail surveys were used to acquire a minimum of 300 responses for split sample factor analyses. The first subsample (derivation sample) was used to explore factorial structure by conducting an exploratory factor analysis. A second (validation) sample was used to confirm the emerged factorial structure using confirmatory factor analysis. We performed iterative analysis and calculated good fit indices to determine the best-fit model. There were 333 responses included in the analysis. Cronbach's alpha was high for a three-item per dimension scale within a one-factor model. The instrument was named PCMI-9 to indicate the shorter version length. This study established the construct validity of an instrument that scales the co-management of patients by two providers. The final instrument includes nine items on a single factor using a 4-point, Likert-type scale. Additional research is needed to establish discriminant validity.

Analisis Dampak Investasi Cryptocurrency dan Volatilitas Pasar terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan Energi di Indonesia

This research investigates the impact of Cryptocurrency investments and market volatility on the profitability of energy companies in Indonesia through quantitative analysis. The study involved a sample of 200 participants, including Cryptocurrency investors and executives of energy companies. Analysis of measurement models establishes construct validity and reliability (Cryptocurrency Investment, Market Volatility, and Profitability), and analysis of structural models reveals significant relationships between these variables. Surprisingly, the results showed that increased Cryptocurrency investments and higher market volatility were associated with increased profitability of energy companies. The model fit index confirms the robustness of the proposed model. The findings have implications for investors, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, who emphasize the need for informed decision-making in navigating the ever-evolving landscape of cryptocurrencies and traditional industries.

Postpartum depression-an exploratory mixed method study for developing an indigenous tool

Background and objectiveMotherhood is considered to be a joyous occasion cross-culturally but can bring forth an array of issues including depression. In Asia, Pakistan is dangerously high on the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) with sporadic results ranging from 28 to 63%, which could be due to the use of non-indigenous tools.MethodsAn exploratory study-mixed method design was implied. During phase I mothers in the postpartum phase (up to 12 months) and experts were interviewed, items were generated, and pilot study was conducted. In second phase exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to establish construct validity, convergent and divergent validity was also established.ResultsA pool of 46 items was generated related to postpartum depression, which was reduced to 35 items as per the factor loading of 0.5 in exploratory factor analysis. Psychometric properties of the scale revealed good reliability (Cronbach α = 0.92) and factor structure of the scale. As per exploratory factor analysis five factors were revealed, explaining 58.07% variance, and the model was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The scale showed significant positive correlation with Edinburgh' postpartum depression scale, depression anxiety and stress scale; establishing convergent validity and significant negative correlation with satisfaction with life scale; establishing divergent validity of the scale.Conclusion and implications for translationQuestionnaire of postpartum depression scale is a reliable and valid tool that can be used to measure postpartum depression in Asian mothers and provide targeted interventions.

Development and Initial Validation of the Climate Change Counseling Scale

This study aimed to develop a scale to assess counselors’ ability to provide counseling to address the mental health impacts of climate change. Over three studies, we provide reliability and validity evidence for a Climate Change Counseling Scale (3CS) in a large representative sample of counselors across the US. In study one and two, an overinclusive item pool was developed using a theoretical framework and were subjected to exploratory factor analysis. In study three, confirmatory factor analytic models and corollary analysis were utilized to establish construct validity and convergent validity, respectively. Two factors with seven items each were supported across studies. The first factor represented Climate Change Knowledge. The second factor represented skills and abilities consistent with Climate Informed Counseling. Reliability and validity were acceptable by standard convention in all three studies. The 3CS represents the first measure to assess counseling skills to mitigate mental health impacts of climate change.

Development of a New Tool for Writing Research Key Information in Plain Language.

The complexity of research informed consent forms makes it hard for potential study participants to make informed consent decisions. In response, new rules for human research protection require informed consent forms to begin with a key information section that potential study participants can read and understand. This research study builds on exiting guidance on how to write research key information using plain language. The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable tool to evaluate and improve the readability, understandability, and actionability of the key information section on research informed consent forms. We developed an initial list of measures to include on the tool through literature review; established face and content validity of measures with expert input; conducted four rounds of reliability testing with four groups of reviewers; and established construct validity with potential research participants. We identified 87 candidate measures via literature review. After expert review, we included 23 items on the initial tool. Twenty-four raters conducted 4 rounds of reliability testing on 10 informed consent forms. After each round, we revised or eliminated items to improve agreement. In the final round of testing, 18 items demonstrated substantial inter-rater agreement per Fleiss' Kappa (average = .73) and Gwet's AC1 (average = .77). Intra-rater agreement was substantial per Cohen's Kappa (average = .74) and almost perfect per Gwet's AC1 (average = 0.84). Focus group feedback (N = 16) provided evidence suggesting key information was easy to read when rated as such by the Readability, Understandability and Actionability of Key Information (RUAKI) Indicator. The RUAKI Indicator is an 18-item tool with evidence of validity and reliability investigators can use to write the key information section on their informed consent forms that potential study participants can read, understand, and act on to make informed decisions. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2024;8(1):e29-e37.].

Exploring the factors in shaping investor’s financial decision-making

Purpose: This study examines how financial literacy affects undergraduate management students. The study examines how to improve management students’ financial literacy. Methodology: Management students in Bhubaneswar, India, are assessed on their financial knowledge, behavior, awareness, and satisfaction. Twenty measures were assessed for 230 individuals. A 5-point Likert scale self-administered questionnaire examined all factors. Research focused on scale validity. The independent-dependent variable relationship can be quantified through path analysis, and AMOS version 21 was used to estimate the CFA framework to establish construct validity. Results: Management students’ financial literacy and saving habits were strongly correlated. Originality: Financial education programs that assist individuals make better financial decisions, promote financial well-being, and lessen economic inequality should be clearly addressed in prior study. Thus, an inquiry on student management to explore these topics.

Outpatients’ perspectives of quality in rehabilitation – development and validation of a patient-reported experience measure (PREM)

Purpose This study aimed to develop and validate a patient-reported experience measure (PREM) to examine the patients’ perspectives on the quality of outpatient physiotherapy and occupational therapy rehabilitation. Materials and methods A systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cinahl was conducted to identify relevant themes for the questionnaire. Fourteen studies were analyzed through a systematic text condensation to identify quality aspects in the rehabilitation from patients’ perspectives. Further, based on the analysis, 13 items with answers on a five-point Likert scale were developed. Face validity and content validity were established during interviewing 14 municipality outpatients. Finally, to determine the construct validity and internal consistency, the questionnaire was distributed to 385 patients with various diagnoses. Results The final questionnaire, Outpatients’ Experience of quality in Rehabilitation (OPER), demonstrated good face and content validity and covered patients’ experience of quality in municipal rehabilitation. Data from 307 respondents established construct validity and high internal consistency and showed, in general, a positive experience of outpatient rehabilitation. Conclusions The OPER demonstrates satisfactory psychometric properties based on an extensive development and validation process. By assessing outpatients’ experience of the rehabilitation process, OPER offers a measurement of the quality of therapists’ practice of patient-centered rehabilitation.

Using Simulation-Based Learning (Gamified Educational Network) to Provide Micro-credentialing for Dementia Care Workers

Background:Dementia care is a critical area of need in the community and institutional settings, with estimated one-third of seniors younger than 80 years of age with dementia living in institutional settings and this proportion increases to 42% for those 80 years and older in Canada. It is of critical importance to promote excellence and best practices in dementia care by preparing for well-trained dementia workforce through capacity building.Methods:This project developed a dementia care micro-credential education to enable competency development of new graduates and upskilling of workers through simulation-based learning. This micro-credential program leveraged interdisciplinary partnership, to develop nine core modules related to best practices in dementia care, facilitated with a Gamified Educational Network (GEN). GEN is an evidence-based learning management platform that provides learners with a simulated and immersive experience to engage them in a virtual learning environment that allows for rich experiential interaction with other users and its content.Outcome:Face and content validity was established by an inter-professional committee including geriatric psychiatry, nursing, social work, occupational therapy, behavioral therapy, knowledge mobilization and simulation education experts. Next phase will begin to establish construct validity. It is expected that GEN will have a positive impact on increasing learner’s motivation and engagement in the educational tasks, as well as improving learner’s competencies and outcomes through its multi-modal approaches, including gamification (usage of game-based elements in a non-game context to engage learners and promote learning), active observational practice, independent hands-on practice, case-based discussion, peer-to-peer assessment, expert facilitated feedback, skills debriefing and reflective practice.Conclusion:This micro-credential program will provide an enhanced dementia care curriculum for building capacity of existing workers, and those entering into the workforce to promote a dementia-friendly environment for older adults.

Çocuklar İçin Dijital Bağımlılık Ölçeğini Türkçeye Uyarlama Çalışması

The aim of this study is to adapt the 'Digital Addiction Scale for Children,' developed by Hawi, Samaha, and Griffiths (2019), into Turkish to create a valid and reliable measurement tool for determining the levels of digital addiction among 4th-grade primary school students. For the adaptation of the scale into Turkish, 771 4th-grade primary school students from the central districts of Mersin province were included in the study using a convenient sampling method. First, the translation of the scale into Turkish was carried out with the support of language and field experts. Subsequently, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to establish construct validity. According to the results of the conducted CFA, it was found that the structure of the 'Digital Addiction Scale for Children', consisting of 25 items and 9 subscales, had good model fit indices. The Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient for the reliability of the scale was calculated as .95 for the entire scale. Based on the findings obtained in the study, it can be stated that the 'Digital Addiction Scale for Children' is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine the levels of digital addiction among primary school students in Turkey.

Comparing forced-choice and single-stimulus personality scores on a level playing field: A meta-analysis of psychometric properties and susceptibility to faking.

Forced-choice (FC) personality assessments have shown potential in mitigating the effects of faking. Yet despite increased attention and usage, there exist gaps in understanding the psychometric properties of FC assessments, and particularly when compared to traditional single-stimulus (SS) measures. The present study conducted a series of meta-analyses comparing the psychometric properties of FC and SS assessments after placing them on an equal playing field-by restricting to only studies that examined matched assessments of each format, and thus, avoiding the extraneous confound of using comparisons from different contexts (Sackett, 2021). Matched FC and SS assessments were compared in terms of criterion-related validity and susceptibility to faking in terms of mean shifts and validity attenuation. Additionally, the correlation between FC and SS scores was examined to help establish construct validity evidence. Results showed that matched FC and SS scores exhibit strong correlations with one another (ρ = .69), though correlations weakened when the FC measure was faked (ρ = .59) versus when both measures were taken honestly (ρ = .73). Average scores increased from honest to faked samples for both FC (d = .41) and SS scores (d = .75), though the effect was more pronounced for SS measures and with larger effects for context-desirable traits (FC d = .61, SS d = .99). Criterion-related validity was similar between matched FC and SS measures overall. However, when considering validity in faking contexts, FC scores exhibited greater validity than SS measures. Thus, although FC measures are not completely immune to faking, they exhibit meaningful benefits over SS measures in contexts of faking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).