Establishment Of Quality Standards Research Articles

One-to-Nine Single Spectroscopic Intelligent Probe for Risk Assessment of Multiple Metals in Drinking Water.

26% of the world's population lacks access to clean drinking water; clean water and sanitation are major global challenges highlighted by the UN Sustainable Development Goals, indicating water security in public water systems is at stake today. Water monitoring using precise instruments by skilled operators is one of the most promising solutions. Despite decades of research, the professionalism-convenience trade-off when monitoring ubiquitous metal ions remains the major challenge for public water safety. Thus, to overcome these disadvantages, an easy-to-use and highly sensitive visual method is desirable. Herein, an innovative strategy for one-to-nine metal detection is proposed, in which a novel thiourea spectroscopic probe with high 9-metal affinity is synthesized, acting as "one", and is detected based on the 9 metal-thiourea complexes within portable spectrometers in the public water field; this is accomplished by nonspecialized personnel as is also required. During the processing of multimetal analysis, issues arise due to signal overlap and reproducibility problems, leading to constrained sensitivity. In this innovative endeavor, machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed to extract key features from the composite spectral signature, addressing multipeak overlap, and completing the detection within 30-300 s, thus achieving a detection limit of 0.01 mg/L and meeting established conventional water quality standards. This method provides a convenient approach for public drinking water safety testing.

Identifikasi Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Air Sumur Gali di Wilayah Produksi Terasi di Dusun Jor Desa Jor Kecamatan Jerowaru Kabupaten Lombok Timur

This research aims to determine the physical and chemical quality of dug well water in the area where shrimp paste (terasi) is produced at Jor Hamlet, Jor Village, Jerowaru Subdistrict, East Lombok Regency. The research method used was experimental, focusing on parameters such as temperature, pH, TDS, and hardness based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) guidelines. Three sampling points of community dug well water were selected with sampling conducted twice, considering the sampling points based on the distance between the dug wells and the shrimp paste production area being less than 10 meters, and due to the absence of proper wastewater disposal systems at the shrimp paste production site. From the results of the examination of the physical and chemical water quality around the shrimp paste production area in Jor Hamlet, Jor Village, Jerowaru Subdistrict, East Lombok Regency, it was found that several parameters met the requirements according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation Number 32 of 2017 concerning the Standard of Environmental Health Quality and Health Requirements for Hygiene, Swimming Pools, Solus Per Aqua, and Public Bathing. Parameters such as temperature, pH, and TDS met the standards. However, the examination revealed that the hardness of the dug well water exceeded the standard in one out of the three sampling points. Specifically, samples A and B met the standard for hardness, whereas sample C did not meet the standard because it exceeded the established quality standard of 500 mg/l.

PEMANFAATAN EKOENZIM DARI KULIT BUAH-SAYUR UNTUK PENINGKATAN KUALITAS AIR DANAU BATUR DI KECAMATAN KINTAMANI BANGLI, BALI

Eco enzyme production through the fermentation process of household waste, such as leftover fruit and vegetables can also be a solution to minimize waste from its source. This research aims to determine the effect of a mixture of organic materials, fruit and vegetable waste eco enzyme on pH, and the effect of eco enzyme dosage on improving the water quality of Lake Batur, Kintamani Bali. Making eco enzymes using vegetable and fruit waste. water, molasses in a ratio of 3: 10: 1. The liquid is fermented for 3 months while observing the fermentation process. Eco enzyme is harvested and filtered, ready for testing to improve the water quality of Lake Batur. The results of observations of making eco enzyme can be explained that in the first 4 weeks, there was a change in colour with shades of brown to reddish, after the fourth week the colour was relatively stable (no colour change. Changes in pH during the process of making eco enzymes were related to variations in the composition of organic material (vegetable residues. There was a decrease in pH). with an average of up to 1 digit, the highest reduction occurred in ingredients containing papaya, mango and mustard greens. Eco enzymes can improve water quality as indicated by several water quality parameters, but are not enough to achieve conformity with the established quality standards. Keyword: Eco Enzyme; Water Quality; Batur Lake

LC-MS based metabonomics study on protective mechanism of ESWW in cerebral ischemia via CYTC/Apaf-1/NDRG4 pathway

BackgroundErshiwuwei Zhenzhu pills was originally recorded in the Tibetan medical book Si Bu Yi Dian in the 8th century AD and is now included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020). The pills can calm the nerves and open the mind as well as treat cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, stroke, hemiplegia. However, its quality standards have not yet been established, and the therapeutic effect on cerebral ischemia by regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway has not been elucidated. Study design and methodsLC-MS was used to establish quality standards for Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu pills. Metabonomics, molecular docking, neuroethology, cerebral infarction ratio, pathological detection of diencephalon, cortex, and hippocampus, and molecular biology techniques were used to reveal the mechanism of the pills in regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to treat cerebral ischemia. ResultsThe contents of 20 chemical components in Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu pills from 12 batches and 8 manufacturers was determined for the first time. Eleven differential metabolites and three metabolic pathways, namely, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and purine metabolism, were identified by metabonomics. The pills improved the neuroethology abnormalities of MCAO rats and the pathological damage in the diencephalon and decreased the ratio of cerebral infarction. It also significantly reduced the mRNA expression of AIF, Apaf-1, cleared caspase8, CytC, and P53 mRNA in the brain tissue and the protein expression of Apaf-1 and CYTC and increased the protein expression of NDRG4. ConclusionIn vitro quantitative analysis of the in vitro chemical components of Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu pills has laid the foundation for improving its quality control. The potential mechanism of the pills in treating cerebral ischemia may be related to the Apaf-1/CYTC/NDRG4 apoptosis pathway. This work provides guidance for clinical drug use for patients.

My 35 Years in Mixed Methods Research

I dedicate this paper to my friend and colleague, Mike Fetters, who served as senior co-editor of the Journal of Mixed Methods Research (JMMR). In this paper, I discuss key mixed methods developments over the last 35 years, my fortunate involvement in them, and my collaboration with Mike Fetters in several of them. The discussion focuses on founding leaders of the field, combining quantitative and qualitative research, co-founding JMMR and the Mixed Methods International Research Association, teaching and simplifying mixed methods research, promoting the methodology internationally, assisting external groups in establishing quality standards for the field, and co-founding with Mike Fetters the Michigan Mixed Methods Research Program. This discussion contributes a personal historical perspective about the mixed methods field.

A Rapid and Accurate UHPLC Method for Determination of Monosaccharides in Polysaccharides of Different Sources of Radix Astragali and Its Immune Activity Analysis.

With the escalating demand for Astragalus polysaccharides products developed from Radix Astragali (RA), the necessity for quality control of polysaccharides in RA has become increasingly urgent. In this study, a specific method for the simultaneous determination of seven monosaccharides in polysaccharides extracted from Radix Astragali (RA) has been developed and validated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography equipped with an ultraviolet detector (UHPLC-UV) for the first time. The 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) derivatizations were separated on a C18 column (Waters ACQUITYTM, Milfor, MA, USA, 1.8 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm) using gradient elution with a binary system of 5 mm ammonium formate (0.1% formic acid)-acetonitrile for 24 min. Additionally, seven monosaccharides showed good linear relationships (R2, 0.9971-0.9995), adequate precision (RSD < 4.21%), and high recoveries (RSD < 4.70%). The established method was used to analyze 109 batches of RA. Results showed that the Astragalus polysaccharides (APSs) mainly consist of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), glucose (Glu), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), xylose (Xyl); and fucose (Fuc); however, their composition was different among RA samples from different growth patterns, species, growth years, and origins, and the growth mode of RA and the age of wild-simulated RA can be accurately distinguished by principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, the immunological activity of APSs were also evaluated jointly by measurement of the NO release with RAW264.7, with the results showing that APSs have a promoting effect on the release of NO and exhibit a significant correlation with Man, Glu, Xyl, and Fuc contents. Accordingly, the new established monosaccharides analytical method and APS-immune activity determination in this study can provide a reference for quality evaluation and the establishment of quality standards for RA.

Comparative analysis of the chemical quality of fishmeal produced on the Northwest coast of Mexico

Objective: To evaluate the physico-chemical quality of fishmeal produced by four companies in different states of the Republic (Baja California Sur, Jalisco and Sinaloa). Design/methodology/approach: The analyzed fishmeals were from six batches, sardine meal from California pilchard and Pacific thread herring (S. sagax and O. libertate), and skipjack tuna and (K. pelamis) processed by different Mexican companies. Proximal chemical analysis was carried out at the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR). Results: The fishmeal’s quality parameters analyzed in this study showed similar values to those reported in the literature. The variations observed in their proximate chemical composition allow them to be classified according to the results of the analyses. Limitations on study/implications: Considering that four of the six flours were produced from the same raw material, S. sagax, the high variability in their physico-chemical quality parameters indicates a lack of standardization in both production methods and quality controls among the producing companies. Findings/conclusions: K. pelamis by-products can produce meals of equal or better physico-chemical quality than those produced from S. sagax. The development of official regulations establishing quality standards to fishmeal production at national level is desirable for competitiveness.

Silica Filter Membrane by Utilizing Palm Oil Empty Bunches Waste

Keramasan Gas and Steam Power Plant uses river water as raw material after going through treatment in the WTP system. To overcome the problem of high silica value in demin water, a ceramic filter membrane device was developed from empty palm oil bunch waste that reduced silica content to standards. This research aims to improve water treatment efficiency to meet the established water quality standards. Keramasan Gas and Steam Power Plant uses river water sources as raw materials, which are processed through the WTP (Water Treatment Plant) system to produce demineralized water as the main supply in the HRSG water filler system. However, the water treatment process has not been optimal because the silica content in demin water is still high (&gt;20 PPB), violating the established quality standards (&lt;20 PPB). Therefore, this study proposes an innovation in the form of a ceramic filter membrane from empty palm oil bunch waste to reduce silica content. Tests show a decrease in silica values to standard. These innovations have had a positive impact, including chemical savings, water treatment optimisation, and wastewater reduction. In addition, the use of empty palm oil waste also contributes to efforts to reduce environmental pollution.

Criteria for journalistic quality in the use of artificial intelligence

This study aims to assess the persistence of traditional journalistic quality features within the contemporary digital ecosystem. Digital advancements have fundamentally altered media creation, notably with the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in newsrooms. AI holds potential for substantial shifts in journalism, impacting business models, dissemination methods, and professional practices. Present in 75% of newsrooms, AI streamlines tasks, allowing more creative time for journalists. Ethical and quality concerns persist, particularly regarding AI’s ability to meet journalism’s established quality standards. This article aims to investigate the incorporation of these quality criteria in news articles generated by artificial intelligence (AI). Focus group and in-depth interviews were used as methodological techniques, involving ten experts. It is concluded that journalistic ethics have remained intact despite the disruptive technological advances in recent decades. However, there is a need to integrate these ethics with new criteria associated with the tools being used. Therefore, it is necessary to consider criteria from a dual perspective: both social and technological.

Reverse Engineering Based on Digital Data Capture In Situ as a Methodology for the Study of Space Labor Risk in Construction Works and Its Applicability in BIM

In the intelligent manufacturing process and digitization, new research spaces have been created, such as reverse engineering and its use for the detection of risks in construction. For this reason, in this research, an analysis methodology is proposed that, through terrestrial laser scanner records in different phases of the work, allows for an analysis and evaluation of the identification of security risks. In addition, by capturing different processes, it can be determined not only interferences from different operators that can generate risk but also establish quality standards in construction, such as determining the thicknesses of the coating of the concrete manufactured “in situ”. Therefore, this research responds to quality analysis in the material execution of the activity and construction of formwork systems and their safety, as well as defining the location of the static and dynamic elements of the model. This value of the morphometric parameter of the building and the scene to be represented characterizes the morphometrics of the work execution activities and finally evaluates the semantic information model of the BIM construction, in which the deformations between the ideal model and what was executed. With the results of this study, it can be concluded that the latest 3D model reconstruction techniques (BIM), together with comparison algorithms, can determine millimeter precision, and with that, it can establish a better method for inspection, evaluation, and control through non-destructive technology.

Commentary: Quality Standards for Criminal Justice Education: The Long and Winding Road

In this commentary, the author focuses on article “Quality standards for criminal justice education: The long and winding road.” The author draws on his extensive background in criminology and criminal justice (CCJ) education, including various roles within the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS) and the Southern Criminal Justice Association (SCJA), to provide insights into Albanese and Tartaro’s article and its implications. Specifically, Albanese and Tartaro trace the evolution of CCJ education, highlight efforts to establish quality standards, such as the Northeast Minimum Standards model later adopted by ACJS. They discuss the challenges and eventual discontinuation of the ACJS Certification program, but they conclude with positive discussion on the emergence of the ACJS Endorsement program. The commentary emphasizes the importance of quality standards in CCJ education, despite the difficulties in establishing and maintaining them. The commentary concludes with a call to continue prioritizing quality in CCJ education.

Ambient Air Quality Assessment in the Limestone Mining Area of Ponjong District, Gunung Kidul, Indonesia

Limestone, a non-metallic industrial mineral, is abundantly found across Indonesia. The extraction process involves overburden removal, limestone breaking using rock breakers, loading onto dump trucks with excavators, stockpiling, and subsequent processing. These activities can negatively impact the environment, particularly air quality. To evaluate the ambient air quality in the mining area, measurements were taken focusing on hazardous substances such as SO2, CO, NO2, O3, and Total Suspended Particles (TSP). This study aims to assess the ambient air quality within the limestone mining area. Results indicate that the ambient air quality in the mining area is relatively good, with no parameters exceeding established quality standards. Specifically, SO2 levels were 9.39 µg/m³, NO2 levels were 4.19 µg/m³, CO levels were 69.74 µg/m³, O3 levels were 24.90 µg/m³, and TSP levels were 133.26 µg/m³. For a more comprehensive assessment, it is recommended to conduct extended monitoring of these parameters to ensure the long-term air quality status for both the environment and the mine workers

The formative dimension of self-analyses of teaching activity

The educational environment, in its entirety (ethos, environment, educational offer, teacher-pupil relations, pedagogical actions) is oriented towards meeting formally established quality standards in line with the educational needs of the direct and indirect educational beneficiaries. Ensuring the quality of teaching is a concern of teachers, and they are therefore interested in increasing the degree of professional efficiency and, implicitly, their perception and self-perception. This paper, based on qualitative educational research, presents a comparative analysis of ten case studies, based on specific teaching actions undertaken and self-monitored by primary school teachers in Romania, through the practice of self-analysis of teaching activity. In this paper we aimed to explore the triggers of teachers' higher-quality professional performance generated by the practice of self-analysis of teaching activity. As relevant aspects of teaching effectiveness, perceived by the participants in a focus group, following the practice of self-analysis of the teaching activity, we mention the following formative valences of it: use of critical thinking, knowledge of personal and professional identity, identification of answers to self-reflective questions, teaching self-regulation and awareness of dysfunctions in the educational process.

Establishment and Optimization of Quality Standards for the Traditional Tibetan Medicine Preparation of Liuwei Nengxiao Pills

To establish quality standards for Liuwei Nengxiao pills, to optimize the quality control method, and to provide references for the quality control of Liuwei Nengxiao pills. Chebula, dried ginger, and Tibetan liqueur root in Liuwei Nengxiao pills of different batch numbers were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Then, the content of chrysophanol in the preparation was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, a series of methodological validation, including the investigation of the linear relationship, precision, stability, and reproducibility and sample recovery test, were performed to verify the reliability of the results. The TLC identification method was easy to perform and demonstrated high specificity, clear spots, and good separation effect. In addition, the negative controls showed no interference. The HPLC method showed high accuracy. The results of methodological validation showed that the peak area of chrysophanol had a good linear relationship (r2=1.0) in the range of 0.06-0.80 μg, presenting good precision (with the relative standard deviation being lower than 2.0%), good stability and reproducibility (with the relative standard deviation being lower than 1.0%), and an average recovery rate of 100.8%. TLC and HPLC are easy to perform, showing high accuracy and reproducibility. The quality standards established are scientific, reasonable, stable, and feasible, providing references for the quality control of Liuwei Nengxiao pills.

The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Functioning in the Healthy Aging Population: A Systematic Review.

The gut microbiota in healthy older individuals typically show a decrease in beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, alongside an increase in pro-inflammatory microbes such as Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridia. These changes contrast with younger and middle-aged individuals and appear to correlate with cognitive status. Although there is extensive research on gut microbiota and cognitive functions in cognitively impaired elderly individuals, its impact on cognitively healthy elderly populations has not been extensively studied. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to identify studies exploring the relationship between gut microbiota composition and cognitive functioning in healthy older adults. During the literature screening process, each record was initially assessed by its title, abstract, and keywords to exclude articles that did not align with the scope of this review. Three authors independently screened and retrieved the records. The inclusion criteria included: (1) publication in peer-reviewed journals; (2) studies involving neurologically, cognitively, and medically healthy populations; (3) participants identified as older adults, defined for this review as individuals aged 45 years and older due to the limited number of records; (4) analysis of gut microbiota; and (5) assessment of cognitive function. Subsequently, full texts were analyzed to determine eligibility. The exclusion criteria encompassed: (1) incorrect publication type; (2) inappropriate sample population; (3) unsuitable study design; (4) absence of one or more inclusion criteria; and (5) studies based on animal research. A risk of bias assessment was performed for each included study using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist, ensuring all selected studies met established quality standards. A total of 6 eligible research articles from a possible 1752 published until March 2024 were identified and included. We categorized the included studies into two groups based on their focus: the taxonomic composition of gut microbiota and the alpha diversity, which is the variety of organisms within a sample. Additionally, two methods were identified for assessing cognition: neuropsychological tests and physiological measurements, notably electroencephalography (EEG). The studies show varying results regarding the abundance of specific bacterial taxa and their cognitive associations. Notably, the relationship between certain bacteria and cognition may vary when analyzed at different taxonomic levels, such as phylum versus family. Changes in gut microbiota composition in the elderly, even without a cognitive impairment diagnosis, could potentially serve as early biological markers for Alzheimer's disease or other dementias before mild cognitive impairment appears.

Evaluasi Mutu Fisikokimia Beras Hasil Persilangan antara Empat Padi Varietas Unggul dan Padi Liar (Oryza glaberrima dan O. rufipogon)

The physicochemical quality of rice is evaluated to ensure that it is fit for consumption and meets established quality standards. This study aims to analyze the physicochemical properties of rice strains resulting from crosses between four high-yielding varieties of rice and two wild rices so that the appropriate genotype is obtained for the development of quality rice. The research was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020 at the Quality Laboratory, Muara Experimental Garden, Rice Research Center, Bogor. The rice genotypes used were 22 strains resulting from crosses between high-yielding varieties of rice (Ciherang, Inpari 13, Inpari 10, and Situ Bagendit), and wild rice (Oryza glaberrima and O. rufipogon), 4 comparison varieties of crossbred elders, and two comparison varieties of organoleptic tests (Memberamo and IR42). Physical and chemical qualities were observed in terms of grain moisture content, grain density, broken skin rice yield, milled rice yield, head rice yield, rice length, rice shape, and rice liming, amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and organoleptic. The results showed that the strains 44-F-C21, 58-F-C21, and 59-F-C21 provided fairly good rice quality with head rice yields above 80% and higher than their respective elders (Situ Bagendit and Ciherang), and water content below 14%. These strains had characteristic characteristics, namely medium rice form, amylose content of 26.38%, and alkali score of 2-3. Most of these genotypes also exhibited high gelatinization temperatures, medium rice texture, and savory rice flavors. The genotype selected from the results of crosses between high-yielding varieties of rice and wild rice has the potential to be developed because there are genetic improvements from its elders on several physicochemical characteristics of rice. Keywords: amylose content; gelatinization temperature; physicochemical properties; rice lines; wild rice

Manufacturing Biodiesel from Cooking Oil Teaching Factory Products Using Bentonite Catalyst with Non-Alcohol Route Method

This research investigates an eco-friendly approach to biodiesel production through non-alcoholic pathways using heterogeneous catalysts. The study examines various ratios of methyl acetate to cooking oil and temperatures, revealing that the optimal conditions for biodiesel production are a 1:4 ratio, utilizing a bentonite catalyst (0.75 g), operating at 60°C for 120 minutes. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirms the presence of ester groups, the primary component of biodiesel. Most biodiesel characteristics align with quality standards, including density (0.8844 kg/m3), cetane number (61.9), and acid number. However, the biodiesel flash point falls below the minimum standard, suggesting a potential area for improvement. This research underscores the potential of using methyl acetate as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production, with most biodiesel characteristics meeting established quality standards, although further work may be needed to address the flash point issue.

Mobile Health technology in pediatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy quality indicators assessment: results from a national program of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

Background and aimsUpper endoscopy procedures (UEP, esophagogastroduodenoscopy [EGDS] and retrograde endoscopic retrograde cholangiography [ERCP]) are an established standard of care in pediatric gastroenterology. The Pediatric endoscopy quality improvement network (PEnQuIN) recently published its pediatric-specific endoscopy quality guidelines. This study, initiated by the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP), aims to evaluate the adherence of Italian Pediatric Endoscopy Centers to these established quality standards. MethodsConducted between April 2019 and March 2021, this nationwide study utilized a smartphone app-based approach. Data encompassing pediatric endoscopy facilities, patient profiles, endoscopy indications, 17 procedure-related PEnQuIN indicators, and a GHAA-9m patient satisfaction questionnaire were systematically collected. ResultsA comprehensive analysis of 3582 procedures from 24 PECs revealed that 2654 (76%) were UEP. The majority of centers (75%) involved more than one operator, with 9 PEC incorporating adult endoscopists, responsible for 5% of UEPs. Overall, adherence to quality standards was good; however, areas of improvement include sub-optimal reporting of sedation details, adherence to disease-specific guidelines, and patient satisfaction questionnaire completeness (56%). The complication rate aligned with literature standards (1%), and patient satisfaction was generally high. A noteworthy observation was a 30% decrease monthly reporting rate and a shift in disease-specific patterns following the COVID-19 outbreak. ConclusionsPediatric UEP practices in Italy adhere well to established quality standards. Emphasizing the adoption of disease-specific guidelines is crucial for optimizing resources, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, and minimizing unnecessary procedures. Prioritizing patient satisfaction is important for immediate enhancements in practice as well as for future research endeavors.

Welding room development for simultaneous improvement of welder health and weld quality of gas metals arc welded aluminum AA5083-H112

This study investigated the weld joint mechanical properties and welding fume exposure associated with Gas Metal Arc Welding of aluminum AA5083-H112 in 27 different welding room environment conditions. These conditions consist of variation in temperature, as well as intake and exhaust wind velocities. The temperature varies as 19 °C, 27 °C and 35 °C. Both the intake and exhaust velocity vary as 0 m/s, 3.1 m/s and 5.5 m/s. The experimental findings underscore the pronounced influence of these factors on both weld quality and welder exposure to fumes. Notably, intake wind velocity emerges as the most critical factor, contributing significantly to 47.68 % in weld joint tensile strength. The temperature emerges as the least critical factor with 12.02 % of contribution. However, temperature became the most critical factor on weld joint impact energy with 54.89 % of contribution while exhaust wind velocity became the least with 3.89 %. Air quality monitoring highlights the importance of optimal intake and exhaust fan configuration to effectively reduce fume exposure. All examined welding room environment condition are deemed safe for the welder, as they do not exceed the Treshold Limit Value (TLV), except the condition where the welding room lacks of air circulation in intake and exhaust wind velocity of 0 m/s. The identified optimal welding room condition exerts a temperature of 27 °C, intake and exhaust wind velocity of 0 m/s and 3.1 m/s respectively. This condition not only achieves established weld quality standards but also ensures compliance with fume exposure regulation. This research provides valuable insights for optimizing welding room environment to simultaneously maintain weld quality and safeguard the well-being of welders

Meta-analysis of Physicochemical Characteristics in Beekeeping, Wild, and Stingless Bee Honey

The two most extensively beekeeping honeybee species were Apis mellifera and A. cerana. Other species that produced honey, albeit with infrequent cultivation, include A. dorsata, A. florea, and some stingless bees, including Trigona and Melipona. Different types of honeybees were known to affect the quality of honey. Hence, this investigation aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to examine the similarities in honey quality between honey sourced from beekeeping and wild honeybees. Data analysis was performed using the OpenMEE software, facilitating the calculation of effect size and standard error. The effect size and common error data were subsequently organized into separate columns within a CSV file. This CSV file was then imported into the JASP 0.16.2 software to conduct heterogeneity and Egger tests to detect potential publication bias. The findings indicated significant disparities in the quality of honey produced by beekeeping, wild, and stingless bee honey, as determined by various parameters, including pH value, moisture, total sugar, acidity, HMF (hydroxymethylfurfural), and diastase enzyme levels (p &lt; 0.05). According to the results of the meta-analysis, honey from beekeeping exhibited superior quality to that of wild and stingless bees. However, the average values of all parameters still adhered to the established honey quality standards set by the Standar Nasional Indonesia and the International Honey Standard (IHS).&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: honey, honeybees, meta-analysis, physicochemical quality