Essential Oil Of Thymus Capitatus Research Articles

Antimicrobial Effect of Essential Oil of Thymus capitatus from Northern Cyprus and Its Gargle Preformulation

Aims: The aim of this study is to prepare herbal gargle preformulations making use of essential oil of aerial parts of Thymus capitatus growing wild in Northern Cyprus and comparing antimicrobial efficacy between these formulations with pure essential oil.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, TRNC and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey, between January 2017 and June 2017.
 Methodology: Preformulations with three different concentrations of Thymus capitatus essential oil were prepared by using simple preparation method. Preformulation studies were done in lab with less than 500 ml. There is not specific process parameters. Manufacturing process and process parameters will be clarified with further studies. These compositions and the essential oil were tested in-vitro for antimicrobial activity studies by using broth microdilution method. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae RSKK 574, Salmonella paratyphi C, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 as bacteria and Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 as yeasts were used for antimicrobial activity tests.
 Results: All trials were found to be more effective than EO, and a significant effect was observed when compared to the values ​​of standard antimicrobial agents.
 Conclusion: TheThymus capitatus growing in Northern Cyprus could be used as a herbal raw material, essential oil source in developing herbal gargle preformulations to reduce fungal and bacterial infections in mouth.

Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential oil of Thymus capitatus against Helicobacter pylori

Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential oil of Thymus capitatus against Helicobacter pylori

Biological activities of essential oils extracted from Thymus capitatus (Lamiaceae)

The present study aims to investigating, the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Thymus capitatus harvested in west, Algeria. It seeks the other objective to the determination of antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of oil in order to find new metabolite products, which are characterized by a biological activity. The investigations and research was carried out on the essential oil (EO) extracted from the dried leaves of Thymus Capitatus Lamiaceae that was harvested in the region of Tiart (West of Algeria). GC–MS analysis of EO is identified 22 components while thymol, carvacrol and γ-terpinene are the major components. The antioxidant activity of EO was evaluated by three methods: the DPPH test (2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrirylhydrazil), the FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) and TAC (Total Antioxidant Capacity) test and compared with ascorbic acid, BHA (Butylated hydroxy anisole) and commercial thymol as standards. The results indicated that Thymus Capitatus oil showed higher antioxidant power in comparison with the standards with values of (0.61, 2.13 and 0.78) μg/mL for the DPPH, FRAP and TAC tests respectively. Also, the antibacterial activity of the oil was tested using the agar disc diffusion method, by determining the inhibition zone and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In this case, the results have shown a potential of the antibacterial activity than commercial antibiotics (Chloramphenicol, Cefoxitin, Gentamycin) against the tested strains, with MIC values of (29.44, 14.72, 14.72 and 7.36 μg/mL) for Staphylococcus aureus, S. typhi, E. coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae strains respectively. Furthermore, the antifungal study on the fungi of Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria infectoria, Aspergillus Ochraceus, Trichophyton Sp reported significant results. The effectiveness of the oil showed that the essential oil has a fungicidal effect against the strains Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria infectoria and a fungistatic effect against strains Aspergillus ochraceus and Trichophyton rubrum. The research outcomes clearly demonstrate that the essential oils of thymus capitatus can present an interesting alternative naturel which can be useful for food preservation and pharmaceutical treatment.

Chitosan Beads Incorporated with Essential Oil of Thymus capitatus: Stability Studies on Red Tilapia Fillets.

Red Tilapia is one of the most consumed but perishable fish in the world. As a result, it requires preservation methods for safe consumption without affecting its organoleptic characteristics. Chitosan encapsulating essential oils have shown to be an excellent food conservation method. For that reason, we carried out the study of the protective effect on red Tilapia fillets with chitosan beads (CB) incorporated with Thymus capitatus (TCEO) essential oil at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/L to assess the conservation of the fillets. The TCEO composition was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS). For the other side, CB was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The protective effect of the beads was tested against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria growth for four weeks. The results showed an inhibition effect in Gram-positive bacteria at higher TCEO concentration (1000 and 2000 mg/L). Besides that, the pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (T-BNV-N), color, and fillet texture were evaluated as quality attributes. The results suggested that the incorporation of the CB-TCEO allowed a higher contact of the active compounds with the food surface, which reflected more excellent stability. The quality attributes of the fillets were preserved for 26 days, suggesting its uses for the treatment for perishable food.

Evaluation des propriétés larvicides des huiles essentielles extraites de cinq plantes aromatiques d’Algérie: essai sur la mite tineola bisselliella (lepidoptera: tineidae)

The essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from fivearomatic plants from Algerian West –Ammoїdes verticillata (Apiacae), Origanum glandulosum (Lamiacae), Thymus capitatus (Lamiacae), Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiacae), Artemisia herba-alba (Asteracae), were tested with various amounts on the larvaeof Tineola bisselliella, under the conditions of laboratory (Temperature of 26°C and with a relative humidity of 75 %). These oilscaused a significant larvicidalactivity. The essential oils extracted from Artemisia herba-alba, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum glandulosum are most toxic with LD50of 5,92μL/50,24cm², 6,66μL/50,24cm², and 7,16μL/50,24cm² respectively, Ammoїdes verticillata present alittle variable toxicity with LD50= 7,95μL/50,24cm², whereas the essential oil of Thymus capitatus is the least toxic on the larves of T. bisselliella with one LD50de 9,81μL/50,24cm².The analysis of the chemical composition shows the richness of five essential oils in compounds known for their insecticidal properties like α-pinène, β-pinène, p-cymène, carvacrol, camphre, γ-terpinène, and1,8-cineole, what explains the results obtained.

Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Thymus capitatus L. collected from three different regions in Northern Cyprus against Helicobacter pylori

Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Thymus capitatus L. collected from three different regions in Northern Cyprus against Helicobacter pylori

Influence of harvesting time on composition of the essential oil of Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link. growing wild in northern Sicily and its activity on microorganisms affecting historical art crafts

One of the main factors affecting historical art crafts material is the biodeterioration performed by bacteria and fungi, in archives, museums or private collections. Several microorganisms cause degradation to the natural organic material such as fibers, woods, and dyes as well as to stone objects. These alterations produce deterioration of physical, chemical, mechanical and esthetic properties. Consequently, in this publication, we report the high antibacterial and antifungal activities of wild thyme essential oil, oil that can be used as an alternative natural tool in the fight against microorganisms affecting historical art crafts.Essential oil of the Thymus capitatus growing wild in northern Sicily has been extracted by hydrodistillation from aerial parts collected at different growth times. The constituents of the essential oil have been characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry.Fifty-five compounds have been identified. Essential oils were characterized by a high content of carvacrol (81.2–14.2%), γ-terpinene (34.4–2.6%) and p-cymene (22.8–5.0%) of the total oil content. Essential oil yield and composition vary throughout the vegetation time of the plant. The best time to harvest this species of thyme, for phenol content, is during or immediately before the full bloom. The related oils (Tc2 and Tc3) showed a good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis and excellent antifungal properties against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger.

Enzyme-assisted extraction of essential oils from thyme (Thymus capitatus L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.): Impact on yield, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity

The main goal of the present study is to evaluate the effects of enzymatic pre-treatment on the yields, chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Thymus capitatus and Rosmarinus officinalis leaves. In T. capitatus, application of cellulase, hemicellulase and combination of both enzymes induced 63.55, 23.72 and 109% increase in the essential oil yields. It also induced increment by 2.7, 31 and 38% in the amount of its main component carvacrol. In R. officinalis, enzymatic treatment resulted in enhanced oil yields by 5, 50 and 20% for cellulase, hemicellulase and the combination of both enzymes, respectively. In contrast to T. capitatus, the amount of the main component 1,8-cineole dropped by 17.73, 36.92 and 15.46% in oils extracted from cellulase, hemicellulase and cellulose/hemicellulase treated samples of R. officinalis. At the same time, the essential oils (at 1/32 and 1/4 dilution for T. capitatus and R. officinalis, respectively) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against 6 food-borne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus feacium and Candida albicans). All investigated oils exhibited antimicrobial activity with those issued from hemicellulase treated samples being the most effective. Enzymatic pre-treatment could be useful for enhancing yield and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils, and hold a good potential for use in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Hepatoprotective Effects of Thymus and Salvia Essential oils on Paracetamol-Induced Toxicity in Rats

Medicinal plants have been used traditionally worldwide for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. Thymus Capitatus and Salvia Officinal are used frequently as spices. The present investigation aimed to investigate the possible potential protective effect of Thymus and Salvia essential oils against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicy. Administration of Paracetamol (500 mg/kg.b.wt) resulted in liver damage as manifested by significant increase in serum and hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity with a significant decrease in blood and hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as blood and hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Rats pretreated orally with essential oil of Thymus Capitatus and Salvia Officinal (50 mg/kg b. wt. daily) for 15 days then intoxicated with paracetamol showed a significant protection against-induced increase in serum and hepatic LDH activities and inhibit reduce GSH levels and enhance increase SOD and GPx activities in blood and liver. These data indicate that essential oils of Thymus Capitatus and Salvia Officinalis possessed a hepatoprotective activity against hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol model due to their antioxidant activity.

Molluscicidal and Mosquitocidal Activities of the Essential oils of Thymus capitatus L. and Marrubium vulgare L.

Molluscicidal and Mosquitocidal Activities of the Essential oils of Thymus capitatus L. and Marrubium vulgare L.

THE USE OF THYMUS CAPITATUS ESSENTIAL OIL UNDER VACUUM CONDITIONS TO CONTROL PENICILLIUM DIGITATUM DEVELOPMENT ON CITRUS FRUIT

Lemon and satsuma fruit were sprayed with a 10 5 spore solution of Penicillium digitatum Sacc. and placed in 10-liter jars at constant temperature (20°C). Vacuum (10 -1 bar) was created and the essential oil of Thymus capitatus was applied by aerosol at 5 different concentrations (50, 100, 200, and 300 μl/10lt) in order to delay P. digitatum development. Viability of P. digitatum spores was checked 24 hours after treatment by plating 100 ml of fruit rinse water on Petri dishes. Penicillium growth was observed in 80% of the dishes containing untreated fruit rinse water. A significantly lower percentage of growth (10% with 300 ml/10lt) was observed in dishes containing rinse water from treated fruit.

Wild thyme,Thymus capitatus, essential oil seasonal changes and antimycotic activity

Monthly quantitative and qualitative changes in the essential oils of Thymus capitatus, growing wild in Sardinia, were studied over the two years 1987-1988, and their antimycotic activity against Penicillium italicum and Aiternaria alternata was examined. Maximum oil yield occurred in August, but depended upon whether leaves, flowers or residual infructescences were used. Of the eight constituents identified, the biogen- etically related carvacrol, p-cymene and y-terpinene showed changes related to the different growth stages of the season, with carvacrol levels at a maximum (70-80%) before and until after flowering (April-September); the flowers and residual infructescence contained more than the leaves. The oil proved to be fungistatic to P. italicum and fungicidal at 400 ppm to A. alternata in August 1987 and 1988. Fungitoxic effects were mainly due to carvacrol, but not always in proportion to its content in the oil.

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of carvacrol and thymol in the essential oil of Thymus capitatus

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of carvacrol and thymol in the essential oil of Thymus capitatus

Trace constituents in the essential oil of Thymus capitatus

The essential oil of Thymus capitatus was investigated by glass capillary gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. In the analysis, 22 hitherto unreported trace constituents were isolated, of which 20 were identified.

GLC-MS Computer Analysis of the Essential Oil of Thymus capitatus

By combination of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectral computer analysis it was possible to isolate 60 constituents of the essential oil of Thymus capitatus; 55 of these compounds could be identified. The main components are carvacrol, thymol and their isomers, as well as myrcene, α-terpinene and p-cy-mene.