Essential Meanings Research Articles

Graph‐Based Representation Approach for Deep Learning of Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Devices

The performance prediction of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices using artificial intelligence is significantly limited due to the lack of representational feature data. This study proposes a novel graph‐based representation methodology to effectively address these challenges. Various graph convolution methods are explored, resulting in an ideal representation of the device parameters in the static equilibrium state, which is crucial for accurate modeling. This representation not only exhibits parameter‐like characteristics but also encapsulates essential physical meanings that enhance interpretability. Additionally, the trained predictive model demonstrates relatively high accuracy, making it a reliable tool for practical applications. Finally, this research serves as a valuable initial study for predicting and designing OLED devices, paving the way for future advancements in the field.

From hate to harmony: Leveraging large language models for safer speech in times of COVID-19 crisis

This study investigates the rampant spread of offensive and derogatory language during the COVID-19 pandemic and aims to mitigate it through machine learning. Employing advanced Large Language Models (LLMs), the research develops a sophisticated framework adept at detecting and transforming abusive and hateful speech. The project begins by meticulously compiling a dataset, focusing specifically on Chinese language abuse and hate speech. It incorporates an extensive list of 30 pandemic-related terms, significantly enriching the resources available for this type of research. A two-tier detection model is then introduced, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 94.42 % in its first phase and an impressive 81.48 % in the second. Furthermore, the study enhances paraphrasing efficiency by integrating generative AI techniques, primarily Large Language Models, with a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model. This combination allows for a thorough analysis of language before and after modification. The results highlight the transformative power of these methods. They show that the rephrased statements not only reduce the initial hostility but also preserve the essential themes and meanings. This breakthrough offers users effective rephrasing suggestions to prevent the spread of hate speech, contributing to more positive and constructive public discourse.

다시점적 관점에서 본 자하 하디드 건축의 확장성 연구

Zaha Hadid began to make a name for herself with deconstructionist architecture in the post-structuralist era of the 1980s, and led the way in organic, non-linear architecture as digital architecture became common after the 2000s. The numerous buildings she left behind before her death left a significant mark on the development of modern architecture. The multi-semantic perspective is a model used as an analysis framework for deconstructivist architecture in space philosophy. It is a perspective that can recognize modern architecture inherent in the pluralistic diversity of modern society by discovering the metaphors and essential meanings of architectural forms and spaces. As such, studying the architectural characteristics of her architecture from a multi-semantic perspective is judged to be of great significance in understanding the direction of the future of modern architecture. Therefore, this study traces Zaha Hadid's overall architectural works, analyzes the characteristics of her works from a multi-semantic perspective, and draws conclusions. In conclusion, Zaha Hadid started from deconstructionism, showed a change to digital architecture, and changed the function-oriented architecture seen in structuralism into a space that can be interpreted multiple times. She created the expandability of multi-perspectives through the diagonal lines and acute angles of deconstructivism, and brought about the expandability of multi-perspective space through the non-linear organicity shown in digital architecture.

Method for Delineating the Formula Limit of the Continental Shelf under the Maximum Area Principle Constraint

In current practices of determining continental shelf area, the measured sediment thickness data do not effectively reflect the distribution of sediments across the area due to its dispersed nature. This issue raises potential limitations in unknown optimal survey line layout strategies for maximizing the posterior determination area. This paper adopts the binary search algorithm, relies on existing sediment thickness grid data, and uses geodetic formulas to build an ellipsoidal surface grid distance calculation model. This model quickly screens potential areas for the 1% sediment thickness line candidate points set. By constraining the azimuth parameter values during the construction process of the ellipsoidal point feature buffer zones, efficiently select the candidate points set for the 1% sediment thickness line. Furthermore, by elucidating the essential meanings of points on the formula limit and combining the candidate points set of the foot of the continental slope (FOS)+60 n mile line, the polygon minimal convex hull construction technique and a baseline points optimization algorithm with a length threshold are used to efficiently select points on formula limit. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can effectively assist coastal states in optimizing the determination of continental shelf area to the fullest extent under the length threshold requirements of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Experiments have proven that compared to the traditional intersection method, the method presented in this paper can help coastal countries delineate a larger continental shelf area. In typical application scenarios, the gain in area can reach 77,278,427 m2 accounting for 0.51% of the total area.

Ukrainian Scenography at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Algorithms of Existence—Essential Meanings

The article identifies the main trends in the development of Ukrainian scenography of the beginning of the 21st century, which are implemented by th artists of the national theatre in the complex reality and historical contexts. The author analyses aspects of psychological reformatting of Ukrainian scenography, the artists’ creative guidelines reevaluation under the influence of war and their ability to fully implement their ideas in the formats of theatrical performances, in the space of exhibition projects, installation performance practices formats, in easel works and teaching. The paper studies the projects’ conceptual characteristics and targets of Mariya Levytska, Andrii Aleksandrovych-Dochevskyi, Lyudmila Nagorna, Sergiy and Natalya Rydvanetskis, Bogdan Polishchuk, Inessa Kulchytska, Oleg Tatarynov, Yulia Zaulichana, Olesya Holovach, Olena Polishchuk, and other artists. The author defines the theatre artists’ positions in critical moments of Ukrainian history, identifies the figurative characteristics of the participants’ project installations as manifestations of the artists’ style and the phenomenon of artistic response to the Russian-Ukrainian war and analyses the main participants’ features of the creative development in artistic processes and their role in the evolution of scenography culture in Ukraine. Highlighted is the extraordinary role of theatre artists of the early 21st century as the successors of the national scenography school leading development concepts, in whose creative projects national consciousness is manifested and clearly defined constantly gravitating towards European values.

Enhanced student joy in learning environment; understanding and influencing the process

AbstractIn education, there is a risk that joy in learning is counteracted by allowing a performance culture to dominate. Research shows that emotions are of great importance for results, motivation and well‐being. This study aims to add knowledge about the essential meanings of joy in learning based on students' lived experiences and thereby implications for the learning environment. The essence of the phenomenon of joy in learning has been formulated through descriptive phenomenological analysis. Qualitative data consists of 25 narratives from students engaged in voluntary forms of education. The study shows that joy in learning emerges throughout the learning process, when students discover that they gain knowledge, understand and can control their learning process and achieve something with their knowledge. The implications for teaching involve awareness of the learning process providing a balance between structure, support, challenge and personal choice which was valued along with relationships that contribute to autonomy.

Experiences of families living with tuberculosis patients in the North West province, South Africa.

The families living with tuberculosis (TB) patients play a vital role in the care of these patients. Little is known about the experiences of families living with family members who are infected with TB. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of families having a member or members diagnosed with TB. The study was conducted in the Ngaka Modiri Molema district in the North West province of South Africa. This was a qualitative study using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Ten families with member(s) who had TB were purposively selected. Data were collected through face-to-face, semi-structured individual interviews that were recorded. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's seven steps. The following essential meanings emerged: family members' caregiving experiences, family members' challenging experiences, and family members' health literacy experiences. Families had a lack of TB knowledge, which was associated with their poverty and with community health nurses not being committed to patient education. In poor, rural settings, nurses need to support families with adequate TB knowledge to limit the spread of TB and achieve the best treatment outcomes. Family involvement is vitally important in TB health promotion. Health promotion is a crucial tool for achieving comprehensive health and social growth. Wider interventions concentrating on families are beneficial for promoting health and preventing TB.

삼가면서 미래를 꿈꾸는 아이들: 난민 청소년의 이주 경험에 대한 현상학적 연구

This study set out to explore what kind of experiences refugee adolescents had in their migration process to South Korea and how they adjusted and led a life in the country. There were total six components in the essential meanings of refugee adolescents' migration experiences: experiences of family disorganization and reunion with anxiety and trauma, sense of loss and nostalgia for the mother country, stigma, conflicts in relationships, recognition and transnational life. They were alienated the moment they left their mother countries, experiencing exclusion in the host country and starting to lead a life of not being able to make a complete entrance into the host society and move out of it. They were worn out, living in the name of "refugees”, but they refused to cave in and had hopes for their careful expectation that their tomorrow would be better than their today as "dreaming cautiously of their future.” The study promoted the understanding of their lives and dreams as refugees through their own "voices” not exposed in the South Korean society and proposed the possibilities of social welfare support measures for refugee adolescents based on them.

The Meaning of The Miare Tradition: From Condolences to The Symbolisation of The Corps in The Grave

This article aims to analyse the meaning of Miare tradition for the community in Makrampai village, Sambas Regency. This study is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Data were obtained by conducting in-depth interviews and participant observation. Data collection was conducted in Makrampai Village from April to September 2021. The data were then analysed using an interactive qualitative analysis model: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. This study found two essential meanings of the miare tradition for the Makrampai village community. First, the miare tradition manifests condolences and social solidarity towards members of the society who have suffered calamities, especially death. Second, the Miare tradition is a reminder and advice that every human being will definitely face death in the cycle of life. Keywords: Miare Tradition; Makrampai Village; Condolences; Death

Pierre Gassendi: Humanism, Science, and the Birth of Modern Philosophy

Pierre Gassendi: Humanism, Science, and the Birth of Modern Philosophy

It's not as easy as ‘heat or eat’ - Exploring the intersecting vulnerabilities of energy and food in domestic practices in Australia

Research into food insecurity and energy vulnerability has framed the dilemma of heat or eat as a choice between nutritious food and adequate energy service determined by financial constraints. However, recent reviews of connections between energy poverty and other socio-economic disadvantages have found that the literature lacks an understanding of the nuances and lived experiences of intersecting hardships. In response to this agenda, this paper draws on qualitative work including householder interviews in Australia to explore the nexus of food and fuel poverty. Using the lens of social practice theories, this paper introduces the concept of ontological (in) security to support our argument that food and energy (in) security need to be understood as an outcome of bundling (s) of everyday domestic and coping practices. The paper illustrates that heat or eat is not a choice nor binary, instead, we show that heating and eating are intertwined, interdependent and shaped by coping strategies that seek to balance essential materials requirements and meanings. In addition, the study shows that practice bundles shape the sense of ontological (in) security, therefore, infusing routines and coping practices with new meanings, affects and material arrangements. By doing this, the study highlights how the dynamic co-relations between energy and food social practices, social support services and infrastructures shape wellbeing, through access to retrofits, nutrition, and care and are potential sites of intervention. Finally, we present novel ways of mitigating tensions between food and energy insecurity and alleviating them simultaneously.

Language ability and Vietnamese postgraduate students’ experiences in a Western country

International students’ experiences are a major concern for universities and educational researchers. Globally, Vietnam is a top source country for international students but little is known about their experience. This study explores the everyday experiences of 10 Vietnamese master’s students from a New Zealand university through a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews. A qualitative approach enabled me to capture the essential meanings of the participants’ experiences and understand what it was like to be Vietnamese students in New Zealand. In academic settings, the students initially struggled to deal with a range of problems related to language and communication. These made them feel overwhelmed and bewildered. During these formative months, many of them experienced language difficulties. These difficulties forced them to learn to deal with challenges and become independent. This research helps universities become more aware of the experience of foreign students studying at the host universities, and thereby take measures to support them in their studies and daily life.

Likelihood Analysis of Imperfect Data

This article investigates how to make use of imperfect data gathered from different sources for inference and decision making. Based on Bayesian inference and the principle of likelihood, a likelihood analysis method is proposed for acquisition of evidence from imperfect data to enable likelihood inference within the framework of the evidential reasoning (ER). The nature of this inference process is underpinned by the new necessary and sufficient conditions that when a piece of evidence is acquired from a data source it should be represented as a normalized likelihood distribution to capture the essential evidential meanings of data. While the explanation of sufficiency of the conditions is straightforward based on the principle of likelihood, their necessity needs to be established by following the principle of Bayesian inference. It is also revealed that the inference process enabled by the ER rule under the new conditions constitutes a likelihood inference process, which becomes equivalent to Bayesian inference when there is no ambiguity in data and a prior distribution can be obtained as a piece of independent evidence. Two examples in decision analysis under uncertainty and a case study about fault diagnosis for railway track maintenance management are examined to demonstrate the steps of implementation and potential applications of the likelihood inference process.

Integrasi Islam dengan Budaya Lokal di Desa Hutaimbaru Kecamatan Halongonan Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara Studi Antropologis Tentang Penerapan Falsafah Poda Na Lima

Poda Na Lima is the fruit of the ancestral thought of the Mandailing tribe which still exists in today's life and becomes a guide or advice in carrying out daily life. This thesis research uses qualitative methods and conducts field research which originates from the people of Hutaimbaru Village, Halongonan District, North Padang Lawas Regency and is supported by library research. With a data collection tool in the form of in-depth interviewers, namely face-to-face question and answer to Traditional Leaders, Religious Leaders, Community Leaders and one village official. Qualitative research approaches such as speech, speech, behavior that can be observed from an individual, community group or organization in a certain setting are reviewed from a comprehensive point of view. The purpose of this study is to find out the essential meanings contained in the poda nalima as well as to find out how relevant it is to Islamic teachings.

Memoria storica, memoria letteraria e critica del presente nel Doktor Hoechst di Robert Menasse

"Doktor Hoechst by Robert Menasse (staged in 2009 and published in 2013) is a “Faust-Play” (subtitle) dense with references and allusions to Goethe’s Faust, whose purpose is not so much to provide a contemporary reinterpretation of the Faustian myth, but rather a Faustian interpretation of contemporaneity. This contribution will investigate the convergences that arise between this reinterpretation, charged with tensions with the present, and the theme of memory – a memory that, although it does not belong to the source text, is overwritten on it, reactivating some essential meanings."

Co-design Tensions Between Parents, Children, and Researchers Regarding Mobile Health Technology Design Needs and Decisions: Case Study.

Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) in mobile health are an intervention design that provides behavior change support based on an individual's changing and dynamic contextual state. However, few studies have documented how end users of JITAI technologies are involved in their development, particularly from historically marginalized families and children. Less is known for public health researchers and designers of the tensions that occur as families negotiate their needs. We aimed to broaden our understanding of how historically marginalized families are included in co-design from a public health perspective. We sought to address research questions surrounding JITAIs; co-design; and working with historically marginalized families, including Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) children and adults, regarding improving sun protection behaviors. We sought to better understand value tensions in parents' and children's needs regarding mobile health technologies and how design decisions are made. We examined 2 sets of co-design data (local and web-based) pertaining to a larger study on mobile SunSmart JITAI technologies with families in Los Angeles, California, United States, who were predominantly of Latinx and multiracial backgrounds. In these co-design sessions, we conducted stakeholder analysis through perceptions of harms and benefits and an assessment of stakeholder views and values. We open coded the data and compared the developed themes using a value-sensitive design framework by examining value tensions to help organize our qualitative data. Our study is formatted through a narrative case study that captures the essential meanings and qualities that are difficult to present, such as quotes in isolation. We presented 3 major themes from our co-design data: different experiences with the sun and protection, misconceptions about the sun and sun protection, and technological design and expectations. We also provided value flow (opportunities for design), value dam (challenges to design), or value flow or dam (a hybrid problem) subthemes. For each subtheme, we provided a design decision and a response we ended up making based on what was presented and the kinds of value tensions we observed. We provide empirical data to show what it is like to work with multiple BIPOC stakeholders in the roles of families and children. We demonstrate the use of the value tension framework to explain the different needs of multiple stakeholders and technology development. Specifically, we demonstrate that the value tension framework helps sort our participants' co-design responses into clear and easy-to-understand design guidelines. Using the value tension framework, we were able to sort the tensions between children and adults, family socioeconomic and health wellness needs, and researchers and participants while being able to make specific design decisions from this organized view. Finally, we provide design implications and guidance for the development of JITAI mobile interventions for BIPOC families.

Cami mimarisinde modern ve geleneksel temsil: Üç caminin analitik karşılaştırması Ankara, Türkiye

This article examines three "modern" mosques in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. Specifically, it researches examples of innovative and authentic mosque architecture, which considerably varies from "Ottoman-type" mosques that heavily dominate the inventory of mosques in Turkey. The Republican period after the Ottoman Empire in Turkey witnessed an ongoing discussion and competition between modern and traditional examples of mosque architecture. Although this problem has been considered in different dimensions, it has generally been discussed by classifying the mosques as "modern" or "traditional" in the academy. It is thought that this classification should be based on the different physical characteristics of mosques, which form the repertoire of tradition in mosque architecture. In this study, the exemplary mosques selected for the inquiry were examined according to 18 different factors that were grouped under six categories considering the physical and interior features of the mosques: namely, mass and facade design, spatial organization, interior forms, architectural program, material selection and ornament details. The research aims to contribute to discussing modern and traditional representation in mosque architecture and clarify ambiguity in understanding and distinguishing between "tradition," "traditional," and "modern," which are essential meanings in mosque architecture.

교대근무 간호사의 수면장애 경험: 현상학적 연구

This study was performed to identify the essential structures and meanings of sleep disorder experience of shift work nurses. Giorgi"s phenomenological methodology was used for study. Data were collected from ten nurses having sleep disorder with individual in-depth interviews and analyzed with the procedures suggested by Giorgi. The essential structures of the experience were constructed with 176 meaning units, 40 essential psychological meanings, 14 sub-constituents and seven constituents. The constituents were sleep disorder due to the tight nursing tasks, body and mind being broken, destructed life, suffering not empathized, concern about threat to patient care, making a breakthrough and accepting sleep disorder as a fate of nurses and withstanding. The results indicated that the mind and body of shift work nurses suffering sleep disorder have been broken down and the lives of them were destructed. Their sufferings were not empathized even from their co-workers or organization. However they concerned about the sleep disorder results into the mistakes in their nursing works. They tried to accept their sufferings as fates of shift work nurses and search various ways to withstand sleep disorder. Strategies to solve the problems associated with sleep disorder of shift work nurses are necessary in organizational level.

자폐스펙트럼 자녀 장애를 기르며 성장하는 아버지의 경험

Objectives This study was conducted focusing on Giorgi's phenomenological research method on the experience of a father This study analyzes and describes the meaning of living experiences based on the subjective experiences of fathers. Seven fathers, who raised mild ASD children from 7 to 20, participated in the study in the process of agonizing and growing together until they accepted the diagnosis of their children's disabilities.
 Methods It consisted of seven fathers who raised minor ASD children between the ages of 7 and 20. Children and adolescents aged 7 to 20 were diagnosed with a formal ASD disorder and were excluded from the case of complex disability (ASD+body). In the K-WISC-IV intelligence test, whether or not ASD doctors' diagnosis was satisfied and the subjects were IQ 60 or higher. From early September 2020 to mid-December 2020, interviews were conducted once for 40-60 minutes. When in-depth analysis was needed, two to three additional interviews were conducted through individual phone calls, and additional questions and answers were also made by e-mail.
 Results Analysis of the experiences of seven study participants revealed six essential meanings: “to encounter children with autism spectrum disorder,” “to suffer from the presence of disabled children and father's anguish,” “to make a long journey,” “to hurt as a father,” “to face the truth,” and “to be a father.” In this study, fathers considered responsibility for their children more important than anything else
 Conclusions Families raising ASD children who develop through a different process from most children in Korean society have many difficulties. For fathers, a child's success is a part of their own pride and desire to be recognized by others. In this social structure, the mind of a competitive and success-oriented man looking at ASD children in the name of a father is really complicated, and the weight and frustration are great. Therefore, this study tried to emphasize the father's experience and better understand their lives.

The Lived Experiences of Patient’s Families with the Intensive Care Unit Diary

Purpose : Intensive care unit (ICU) diaries have been implemented across the international ICU community. This study aimed to comprehend the meaning and nature of the lived experience of patients’ families using the ICU diary in Korea.Methods : This qualitative study adopted van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenology. The participants comprised eight women and two men who were the family members of patients in the ICU for more than three days. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and observation from July 2018 to January 2019.Results : Patients’ families who experienced the ICU diary recognized it with six beings according to time: a good idea, forgotten stuff, burdensome work, touching service, my stuff, and a thing in the memory. The ICU diary had three essential meanings for the families: communication, solace and hope, and a record of life. These findings were rearranged according to van Manen’s fundamental existential, and the lived things and lived others were remarkably confirmed.Conclusion : Patients’ families experienced various ICU diary forms over time and recognized an ICU diary as a means of communication. Therefore, the ICU diary is expected to be used as an intervention between families and healthcare providers in the ICU to support mutual communication.