Essential Elements In Order Research Articles

Emociones y liderazgos políticos en las elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía de 2022 en X

Social networks have become in recent years as essential elements in order to building political discourses, especially in electoral periods. Political parties develop specific strategies to communicating with their constituents through these platforms, based on leadership and the use of emotions. This research aims to analyze the communication strategies deployed by political leaders on Twitter during the Andalusian Parliament election campaign in 2022, and for this purpose, a quantitative and qualitative content analysis methodology is applied to a sample of 690 tweets in the personal accounts of the candidates of the six parties with parliamentary representation. An advance of the results points to a communicative planning previously designed, that builds a discourse based on thematic lines, strategies, approaches and, especially, feelings according to the ideological, programmatic and mobilizing axis established by each political formation.

Quaternionic Dirac free particle

In this paper, we solve the quaternionic Dirac equation [Formula: see text] in the real Hilbert space, and we ascertain that their free particle solutions set comprises eight elements in the case of a massive particle, and a four elements solutions set in the case of a massless particle, a richer situation when compared to the four elements solutions set of the usual complex Dirac equation [Formula: see text]. These free particle solutions were unknown in the previous solutions of anti-Hermitian quaternionic quantum mechanics, and constitute an essential element in order to build a quaternionic quantum field theory [Formula: see text].

Reconstruction options and outcomes for acetabular bone loss in revision hip arthroplasty.

Revision total hip arthroplasty in the setting of acetabular bone loss is a challenging procedure and requires a solid understanding of current acetabular reconstruction options. Despite major developments in the field of revision hip surgery in recent decades, reconstruction of acetabular defects remains a major problem in order to achieve primary stability and durable fixation without sacrificing additional bone stock. Although there are several ways to classify acetabular bone defects, the Paprosky classification system is the most commonly used to describe the defects and guide treatment strategy. An understanding of the bone defects associated with detailed pre-operative assessment and planning are essential elements in order to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Multiple acetabular reconstructive options are currently available including impaction bone grafting with metal mesh, reinforcement rings and antiprotrusio cage, structural allografts, cementless hemispherical cups, extra-large “jumbo cups”, oblong cups, modular porous metal augments, cup-cage constructs, custom- made triflange cups, and acetabular distraction. To date, debate continues as to which technique is most effective due to the lack of long-term studies of modern reconstruction systems. Further long-term studies are necessary to assess the longevity of the different implants. The purpose of this study was to review the current literature and provide a comprehensive understanding of the available reconstruction options with their clinical outcomes.

On The Road To Fairness For All

Equitable economic development is an essential element in order to achieve justice and equality in a multi-ethnic society. The reality of Malaysia, which is a country of multi-ethnicity, multi-religion and multi-cultural societies, demands a concept of justice and equality that is different from other countries, particularly the ones with homogenous societies. The highest law of the land places Islam, the religion associated with one of the main ethnicity, as the official religion of the nation and allowed the duality of economic system, in particular banking system, whereby conventional banking system exists side-by-side with the Shariah-compliant, Islamic one. By reviewing the pertinent literature on the development of Islamic banking, the reviewed cases on Islamic banking and its contributions to Malaysian society regardless of ethnicity and religion. The discussion in this paper therefore will be directed towards highlighting the laws and cases on Islamic banking and its implication to enhance the application of Islamic banking laws to consumers regardless of ethnicity and religion, in order to maintaining fairness and justice in a multi-ethnic society.

Phenomenology of Social Integration and Social Exclusion. An Essential Task of Political Collective Agency

In this paper the author is going to talk about an essential task of political agency: social integration. He analyzes it from a phenomenological perspective, identifying its essential elements in order to achieve an eidetic view of it. The author roots the analysis of social integration in a stratified view of the social world that appears essentially composed of four different forms of social interaction: community interaction, characterized by solidarity relationships; territorial interaction, characterized by “conflicting” relationships (polemos); social interaction, based on standard models of behavior; and institutional interaction, based on laws that govern the public life. Social integration is stratified into these four forms of intersubjective life and is fully achieved only if it allows a real state of belonging and an actual participation in each of them. The policy plays a crucial role because integration is often a critical process that can cause social conflicts and that can not simply be left to the sensibility and will of those who live in the various contexts. Political agency should coordinate normative and cultural actions, so that norms are not simply imposed, but are assimilated by a citizenship aware of the social, ethical and political value of integration.

COMPARISON OF TRAINING PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES FOR CLUSTER MANAGERS IN EUROPE WITH RESPECT TO THEIR FOCUS ON SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

The role of cluster manager and his/her development is an essential element in order to gain a competitive advantage and to ensure sustainability of cluster organisation. Nevertheless, research on cluster management has hardly studied the scope of offered trainings with areas of developed skills for this position. Hence, the main objective of the paper is to analyze and evaluate content of current training programmes for cluster managers in Europe with respect to their focus on the development of hard and soft skills. Analyzed training programmes were chosen based on the consultations with members from National Cluster Association operating in the Czech Republic. Regarding the defined criterion, hard skills included terms related to specific cluster knowledge (tools/methods for cluster setting/development; cluster policy), knowledge in management area. Meanwhile, we understood soft skills as terms related to intrapersonal skills (one’s ability to manage oneself) and interpersonal skills (how one handles one’s interactions with others). The article was processed via desktop research involving collection of relevant information from secondary sources. The paper explores ten international programmes done across Europe. Based on the gathered data, we claim that analyzed programmes are overwhelmingly focused on developing hard skills (mainly specific knowledge and abilities required for success in the cluster manager position – such as knowledge about identifying cluster, tools and methods for development of clusters). However, based on the literature, it is clear that soft skills (intrapersonal and interpersonal skills) are crucial for sustainable development of organisation. Considering implications for the practice, our findings provide valuable point for organisations/initiatives offering training programmes for cluster managers.

Deviant Behaviors of Students: Let's Try to Decrypt the Messages

Both teachers of physical education or other disciplines are distraught by the deviant behavior of their students. In order to detect and study these behaviors as well as teachers' reactions, we opted for a case study based research of five students adopting different deviant behaviors.In fact, when conducting the case study of the five students, we were able to show how some of them suffered from the humiliation and belittlement of their teachers. Among the complex causes of challenging behaviors, there is the peculiar psychological history of each student. These behaviors are messages sent to adults (teachers), calls for help that we must not ignore, sanction them yes, but do not neglect them, it is better to take them seriously and seek to understand them and detect their causes in order to remedy it.When students adopt deviant behaviors, the main challenge for the teacher is to remain able to perceive behind these adolescent students, humans in the making and continue to accompany them anyway. The multiplication of these deviant behaviors raises the question of the answers or professional reactions to face them. The dilemma of any teacher is to manage school deregulation situations so that there is no impact on the learning process.The management of teacher-student conflicts is an essential element in order to guarantee that the latter does not break with the school institution.

Comparison of Training Programmes and Activities for Cluster Managers in Europe with Respect to Their Focus on Skills Development

Abstract The role of cluster manager and his/her development is an essential element in order to gain a competitive advantage and to ensure sustainability of cluster organisation. Nevertheless, research on cluster management has hardly studied the scope of offered trainings with areas of developed skills for this position. Hence, the main objective of the paper is to analyze and evaluate content of current training programmes for cluster managers in Europe with respect to their focus on the development of hard and soft skills. Analyzed training programmes were chosen based on the consultations with members from National Cluster Association operating in the Czech Republic. Regarding the defined criterion, hard skills included terms related to specific cluster knowledge (tools/methods for cluster setting/development; cluster policy), knowledge in management area. Meanwhile, we understood soft skills as terms related to intrapersonal skills (one’s ability to manage oneself) and interpersonal skills (how one handles one’s interactions with others). The article was processed via desktop research involving collection of relevant information from secondary sources. The paper explores ten international programmes done across Europe. Based on the gathered data, we claim that analyzed programmes are overwhelmingly focused on developing hard skills (mainly specific knowledge and abilities required for success in the cluster manager position - such as knowledge about identifying cluster, tools and methods for development of clusters). However, based on the literature, it is clear that soft skills (intrapersonal and interpersonal skills) are crucial for sustainable development of organisation. Considering implications for the practice, our findings provide valuable point for organisations/initiatives offering training programmes for cluster managers.

Exploratory investigation of Q fever in apparently healthy meat sheep flocks in Belgium.

Q fever is a cosmopolitan disease affecting both humans and many animal species. Although sheep are often implicated in human Q fever outbreaks, the disease remains largely underestimated in meat sheep flocks. In order to fulfil this gap, a preliminary study was performed aiming to investigate the serological and molecular aspects of infection with Coxiella burnetii among meat sheep flocks in Belgium. Five Belgian sheep flocks were recruited for this work. Indirect ELISA was used, and in addition, real-time PCR was performed on samples of milk, rectal and vaginal swabs, to understand the dynamics of bacterial shedding. Despite the low overall apparent seroprevalence of 1.39% (95% CI: 0.04-7.5), a high rate of bacterial shedding was found, with 27.7% of tested sheep (N=72) with a positive result to PCR, especially through the rectal and vaginal routes and in seronegative animals. Furthermore, Coxiella burnetii DNA was detected in 26.76% of seronegative animals. It can be concluded that an overall good clinical condition of the sheep cannot be used to exclude the presence of C.burnetii in a flock. Furthermore in the diagnosis of Q fever in sheep, serology alone was not a sensitive diagnostic tool. On the contrary, molecular biology allowed to detect bacterial shedding, which is an essential element in order to assess the risk due to the contact with shedding animals. At the light of these results, the role of meat sheep flocks in the epidemiology of Q fever in Belgium needs to be better understood.

Enhancement of anaerobic digestive efficiency by the use of exchange resin to remove cations in sewage sludge

Hydrolysis is considered as the rate-limiting stage of anaerobic digestion which is one of the most applied stabilization processes in the disposition of sludge. It is urgent to accelerate the hydrolysis of the sludge particles and improve its biodegradability. This study utilized cation-exchange resin (CER) to adsorb divalent cations in the supernatant of activated sludge with the purpose of making the sludge floc disintegrated. The results showed that the biopolymers incorporated in the tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances can be released to the bulk using CER to remove cations. However, the lack of essential elements led to a much lower methane yield of treated sludge than that of activated sludge. The treated sludge got a higher methane production rate constants after added Fe2+. It is necessary to add Fe2+ or regenerated liquid of resin-containing essential elements in order to maintain the activities of microbial life.

초정밀 사출렌즈 금형 기술

Precision injection mold is an essential element in order to manufacture small and precision plastic lenses used for phone camera. There are many critical factors to meet the requested specifications of high quality plastic lenses. One of the main issues to realize high quality is minimizing decenter value, which becomes more critical as pixel numbers increases. This study suggests the method to minimize decenter value by modifying ejecting structure of the mold. Decenter value of injection-molded lens decreased to 1 μm level from 5 μm by applying suggested ejecting method. Also, we also developed BIS (Built-in Sensor) based smart mold system, which has pressure and temperature sensors inside of the mold. Pressure and temperature profiles from cavities are obtained and can be used for deduction of optimal injection molding condition, filling imbalance evaluation, status monitoring of injection molding and prediction of lens quality.

Trauma System Evaluation in Developing Countries: Applicability of American College of Surgeons/Committee on Trauma (ACS/COT) Basic Criteria

Trauma continues to be a major health problem worldwide, particularly in the developing world, with high mortality and morbidity. Yet most developing countries lack an organized trauma system. Furthermore, developing countries do not have in place any accreditation process for trauma centers; thus, no accepted standard assessment tools exist to evaluate their trauma services. The aims of this study were to evaluate the trauma system in Albania, using the basic trauma criteria of the American College of Surgeons/Committee on Trauma (ACS/COT) as assessment tools, and to provide the Government with a situational analysis relative to these criteria. We used the ACS/COT basic criteria as assessment tools to evaluate the trauma system in Albania. We conducted a series of semi-structured interviews, unstructured interviews, and focus groups with all stakeholders at the Ministry of Health, at the University Trauma Hospital (UTH) based in Tirana (the capital city), and at ten regional hospitals across the country. Albania has a dedicated national trauma center that serves as the only tertiary center, plus ten regional hospitals that provide some trauma care. However, overall, its trauma system is in need of major reforms involving all essential elements in order to meet the basic requirements of a structured trauma system. The ACS/COT basic criteria can be used as assessment tools to evaluate trauma care in developing countries. Further studies are needed in other developing countries to validate the applicability of these criteria.

Gestion de l’hyperglycémie au cours d’une nutrition parentérale

Management of hyperglycaemia in patients during parenteral nutrition (PN) remains difficult in clinical practice. Yet, hyperglycaemia cannot be left untreated regarding its potential fatal adverse outcomes. At the opposite, the control of glycaemia can also have adverse effect as hypoglycaemia with severe consequences for the patient. The management of PN should be performed on a multidisciplinary basis and the experience of the medical staff is an essential element in order to obtain the targeted glucose control.

Scientific Opinion on Review of the European Union Summary Report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2009 and 2010 specifically for the data related to bovine tuberculosis, Echinococcus, Q fever, brucellosis and non‐food borne diseases

Following a request from EFSA, the Animal Health and Welfare Panel delivered a scientific opinion reviewing the “European Union Summary Report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks for 2009 and 2010“ specifically for the data related to bovine tuberculosis, Echinococcus, Q fever, brucellosis and non-food borne diseases. A yearly report of the distribution and other epidemiological characteristics of the zoonoses among the different European Member States is an essential component in assessing the impact of these diseases and their potential preventive measures. These yearly reports, however, should not be considered as information on the current disease situation since they are only available 12 months after the year of interest. The reports do not always clearly identify the reference population, the data sources, and data collection approaches (surveillance methodology) used for the various diseases. There is a need to consider these three essential elements in order to make appropriate inferences. Limited data analyses were included in the reports although it was recognized that the nature of the data and the collection systems may preclude subsequent data analysis. Statistical methods, such as trend analysis, should be presented as part of the introduction and the data analysis methodology. The reports contain several statements to indicate statistical significance and the statistical method used should be specified in the text. It was noticed that the 2010 Report has improved in its presentation in comparison to 2009 report. The 2010 Report included more details of parasitic zoonoses than the 2009 Report. These results, however, are not linked to further interpretation e.g. the potential reasons for any decrease or increase. It was recommended that the AHAW and BIOHAZ Panels should be consulted (e.g. as part of their annual mandate) before the Report is released to the public.

Monitoring of Perfluorinated Compounds in Aquatic Biota: An Updated Review

The goal of this article is to summarize new biological monitoring information on perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in aquatic ecosystems (post-2005) as a followup to our critical review published in 2006. A wider range of geographical locations (e.g., South America, Russia, Antarctica) and habitats (e.g., high-mountain lakes, deep-ocean, and offshore waters) have been investigated in recent years enabling a better understanding of the global distribution of PFCs in aquatic organisms. High concentrations of PFCs continue to be detected in invertebrates, fish, reptiles, and marine mammals worldwide. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is still the predominant PFC detected (mean concentrations up to 1900 ng/g ww) in addition to important concentrations of long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs; sum PFCAs up to 400 ng/g ww). More studies have evaluated the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of these compounds in both freshwater and marine food webs. Several reports have indicated a decrease in PFOS levels over time in contrast to PFCA concentrations that have tended to increase in tissues of aquatic organisms at many locations. The detection of precursor metabolites and isomers has become more frequently reported in environmental assessments yielding important information on the sources and distribution of these contaminants. The integration of environmental/ecological characteristics (e.g., latitude/longitude, salinity, and/or trophic status at sampling locations) and biological variables (e.g., age, gender, life cycle, migration, diet composition, growth rate, food chain length, metabolism, and elimination) are essential elements in order to adequately study the environmental fate and distribution of PFCs and should be more frequently considered in study design.

The role of entrepreneurs in transferring knowledge through human resource management and joint venture

PurposeThe transfer of knowledge is a source of competitive advantage, and in particular, transfer between organisations through cooperation between firms via a joint venture. This paper aims to discuss some of the issuesDesign/methodology/approachThe hypotheses were contrasted via a structural equation model using a sample of 74 firms, 51 of which were Spanish and 23 from the rest of the world, which had recently cooperated.FindingsThe authors address the question of the positive influence of employees on knowledge transfer. They do not influence the process. Second, the authors propose the influence of intermediate management on knowledge transfer. These managers play a very relevant role. However, with regard to the influence proposed of high‐level managers, the authors find that they do not play a relevant role as this type of process.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors carried out an in‐depth review of the literature that reveals that few studies either theoretically or empirically address this question. They begin with the idea that organisational knowledge is the basis of business today. Not all organisations have all the knowledge they need to carry out their strategies.Originality/valueThe role of HR is an essential element in order to be able to carry out interorganisational transfer. The authors consider how the degree of involvement of resources positively influences knowledge transfer. It is important to develop adequate HR policies for fomenting transfer, especially motivating staff by fostering the development and exploitation of knowledge transfer.

Recent Improvements in Corporate Governance through Executive Compensation Reform

There have been a lot of criticism on excessive executive compensation paid to high ranking corporate executives in poorly performed financial institutions amid recent financial crisis and global economic crisis. These criticisms can be tracked to Enron scandals in early stage of this century. In order to establish reasonable executive compensation system, U.S. has utilized SEC disclosure rules, IRS tax code and SOX clawback provision, however, these regulatory methods have revealed their inherent limitations in regulating compensation system effectively. From this perspective, many critics have stressed that there should be more fundamental reform methods, such as director reform and the adoption of Say-on-Pay system.In the same context, EESA and ARRA implemented corporate governance and executive compensation provisions in order to effectively regulated U.S. companies' compensation manipulation. The focus on this area is placed on the corporate governance reform in which corporate governance problems, including executive compensation, might be more effectively cured through this reform methods.Recent debates on this issue provide us with useful implications. As widely recognized, Korean compensation system does not mandate detailed compensation disclosure system regarding corporate executives/directors. Fair and transparent compensation system is essential elements in order to improve shareholders' and investors' value. Although corporate executives have rejected such a disclosure system on the ground of the protection of private information, we should note that these information be essential for investors as an important investment information.Furthermore, we should implement certain regulatory method to curtail influences by controlling shareholders and CEO on compensation setting process. Under the current provision of KCC, director compensation must be approved by shareholders in annual shareholder meeting. However, in practice, the direction of a shareholder meeting can be influenced by controlling shareholders. From this perspective, current reforming efforts of U.S. and Europena Countries provide us with useful implications.

The German Länder in the Process of European Integration between Föderalismusreform and Reform Treaty

The recent reform of the German federal system in 2006 and the ongoing reform of the EU both arouse a new interest in the rights of the German Länder in EU decision–making. The article addresses four issues. First, how the transfer of powers of the Länder to the EU takes place. Second, the forms of direct and indirect participation of the Länder in EU decision–making. Third, the judicial defence of the Länder competences at both national and European level against invasions by the European Community (EC).Finally, the fulfilment of EU obligations in the internal sphere. It is submitted that a relevant loss of competences by the Länder is unavoidable in the context of the European integration, whose focus is on the Member States. Such a loss of competences cannot be fully compensated by the participation rights conferred on the Länder. Nonetheless,such participation rights are to be regarded as an essential element in order to remedy the EU democratic deficit and to preserve the federal structure of Germany.

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis of Different Products from the Sugarcane Industry in PakistanPart 1: Essential Elements for Nutritional Adequacy

Jaggery, brown sugar, white sugar, and molasses collected from the local sugarcane industry of Pakistan have been analyzed for essential elements in order to estimate their nutritional adequacy. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to determine Ca, CI, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and Zn through sequential, short, medium, and long irradiation times. Maximum concentrations for most of these elements were determined in molasses, with lower concentrations determined in jaggery and brown sugar; white sugar contained trace amounts of all essential elements. Contributions to the weekly Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) values for the elements were estimated only for jaggery, brown sugar, and white sugar because molasses in Pakistan is not consumed as a dietary item. Jaggery contributes the highest percentages of Cr, Mg, Mn, and Zn, whereas the highest percentages of Cl, Fe, K, and Na can be acquired from brown sugar. The contribution of white sugar to the weekly RDAs for these elements is negligible, indicating that white sugar is a poor source of the essential elements. However, the introduction of molasses to the diet can contribute to an adequate intake of these elements.

Indicators for Chemicals: Sources, impacts and policy performance (5 pp)

Different types of indicators have been developed to describe the impact of chemicals on society and environment. Due to the high number of substances and their different types of use, most of these indicators are directed to specific areas of interest--regarding workplace safety, environmental health or consumer health. They address a specific subset of chemicals and can be used for monitoring enterprise-specific, national or international management measures. A survey of existing indicators for chemicals has shown that indicators already exist for a remarkable number of problem fields. As soon as the release and the environmental fate of chemicals are taken into account, the complexity of the approaches increases considerably. The distinction between indicators for drivers, pressures, state, impacts and responses, as proposed by the European Environmental Agency, supports the identification of proper indicators for a specific type of problem. No single indicator exists which is able to cover the whole range of chemicals and their applications. Several indicator approaches cover at least a subset of the most relevant substances. If they are intended to be used for European monitoring, robust data must be provided by EU Member States. Chemicals in enterprises (ancillary inputs as well as process chemicals) are an important element of in-plant material flow management--in terms of occupational safety and health as well as environmental protection. Existing indicators for hazardous chemicals can be a valuable tool for process and product refinement regarding hazardous chemicals, especially for enterprises. Indicators for production and impact of chemicals, as well as policy performance indicators, are essential elements in order to monitor the management of chemicals. They have to be established for the national and for the EU level.