Essential Content Research Articles

Pengaruh Larutan Hara dan Pupuk Organik Cair Urin Kelinci terhadap Pertumbuhan Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) pada Teknik Hidroponik

The demand for pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) a nutritious vegetable is increasing without being balanced due to the limited of agricultural land. The Wick system hydroponic cultivation technique can be a solution to increase pakcoy productivity. AB mix hydroponic nutrient solution is difficult to reach because it is expensive and has a negative impact on plants. It can be combined with rabbit urine LOF to provide essential nutrients for plants. This research aims to determine the effect of the combination of AB mix with LOF rabbit urine on the growth of pakcoy plants. The research design is CRD, 1 factor, 8 treatments, and 3 replications. Treatments include A1P0=AB mix 100% +0mL/L LOF rabbit urine, A1P1=AB mix 100% + 1mL/L LOF rabbit urine, A1P2=AB mix 100%+2mL/L LOF rabbit urine, A1P3=AB mix 100% +3 mL LOF rabbit urine, A2P0=AB mix 75%+0mL LOF rabbit urine, A2P1=AB mix 75%+1mL/L LOF rabbit urine, A2P2=AB mix 75%+2mL/L LOF rabbit urine, and A2P3=AB mix 75%+3mL/L L of rabbit urine.The addition of rabbit LOF gave the best results with AIP3 treatment on growth parameters, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of shoots, and roots, dry weight of shoots and roots, respectively 27.41 ± 1.44 cm, 17.33 ± 0.95 pieces 632.89±228.20cm2, 61.88±13.42g, 1.648±0.374g, 3.132±0.614g, and 0.101±0.021g. The essential nutrient content of rabbit urine LOF increases the availability of internal nutrients which are influenced by metabolism, absorption capacity, water and sunlight.

Instructors’ Conceptions of the Efficacy and Motives for Online Instruction in Open and Distance Learning Mode

This paper employs the Community of Inquiry Theoretical Framework to examine the instructors’ conceptions of training efficacy and motives for online instruction in open and distance learning mode at the Open University of Tanzania (OUT). Using a hermeneutic phenomenology research design, data were collected from 25 instructors at the Open University of Tanzania through in-depth interviews, which were corroborated with questionnaires. Findings from the study indicated that, generally, continuous professional development significantly impacts how instructors teach in the online environment. Although most participants rated training as an effective strategy for online instruction, the programmes lacked regularity and fell short of more relevant training programmes. More specifically, findings indicated that the training package missed some essential contents required by instructors. A wide range of motives for conducting online training is elaborated. This paper recommends that institutions invest in relevant regular training programs for online instructors and ensure comprehensive training packages. Keywords: distance learning, online instruction, online learning, open and distance learning, open learning

Comparative Analysis of Amino Acid Profile of Tenualosa Ilisha and Catla Catla and Their Potential Contribution to Recommended Nutrient Intake

Objective: The current study aimed to determine the amino acid profiles and proximate compositions of two commonly consumed fish species of Bangladesh: Tenualosa ilisha and Catla catla, commonly known as Hilsha, the national fish of Bangladesh and Catla, respectively. Methodology: The fish samples were collected from two wholesale fish markets (ghaats) in Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. The Amino Acid content of the selected samples was analyzed by an amino acid analyzer. Fourteen amino acids (eight essential and six non-essential) could be detected by the analyzer. Results: In the case of the essential amino acid content of the samples, threonine, valine, isoleucine, histidine, and lysine content was greater in the Hilsha fish than that of Catla. On the other hand, methionine, leucine, and phenylalanine content were higher in Catla than that in Hilsha. All six non-essential amino acids were found in greater amounts in Hilsha. Concerning the potential contribution (%) of the selected samples to the daily recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of essential amino acids in children (5-10 years), Hilsha fish potentially contributes (>50%) to the daily RNI of threonine, methionine, and lysine and Catla fish potentially contributes (>50%) to the daily RNI of methionine and lysine. In regards to the adult’s RNI, Hilsha potentially contributes (>50%) to the daily RNI of methionine and lysine but Catla was found to contribute potentially (>50%) to the daily RNI of methionine only. Conclusion: Both of the samples were found to be a substantial source of protein and essential amino acids to significantly contribute to the daily RNI of essential amino acids concerning children (5-10 years) for growth and adults for maintenance. Bioresearch Commu. 10(1): 1371-1377, 2024 (January)

An efficient content replacement policy to retain essential content in information-centric networking based internet of things network

In the current scenario, TCP/IP is widely used in the Internet of Things (IoT) for disseminating data, addressing, and controlling traffic. However, the exponential growth of IoT devices has incurred the TCP/IP-based network from mismanagement due to heavy traffic, address space scarcity, and low efficiency. In the last few years, Information-centric networking (ICN) has emerged as an excellent choice to address the above issues. One of the important characteristics of ICN is In-network Caching, in which contents are cached at the intermediate nodes. Most in-network caching strategies use traditional replacement policies such as First in first out, least recently used, and least frequently used, ignoring the essential content properties, eventually evicting the vital contents. This work introduces a novel content replacement scheme that proactively records the number of requests and access time of the content in the Pending interest table (PIT) and considers essential content attributes, e.g., number of requests, remaining lifetime, and upcoming request waiting time, before replacement to retain vital contents in the cache. The simulations are performed on the ndnSIM framework of NS-3 to evaluate the performance of our proposed replacement scheme with other widely used benchmark replacement schemes and tested under six different caching strategies. The experimental finding indicates that, on average, the proposed replacement scheme shows 28.94% and 27.49% increase in cache hit ratio and server hit reduction ratio while 22.30% and 30.64% reduction in response delay and energy consumption compared to NDN-FIFO, NDN-LRU, and NDN-LRFU.

The Experience Economy in the Prism of Cultural and Value Paradigms

The article considers the experience economy (the economy of impressions) in the prism of its dependence and interdependence on the cultural and value paradigms of modern society. The relevance of the research is determined by the novelty of the analysis of the concept in relation to modern social axiology. The purpose of the article is to analyze the structure-forming elements of the experience economy in its correlation with cultural and value paradigms. The scope of the research includes the formulation of the principles of the experience economy as an important element of the service sector based on a customized approach to the client, consideration of its conceptual characteristics, as well as the analysis of the value-ethical component of this objective socioeconomic phenomenon inherent to post-industrial society. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the author's interpretation of this relatively modern marketing approach. The essence of the experience economy, its functions and basic principles are analyzed. The reasons for its increasing importance as a socio-humanitarian component contributing to sustainable development are discussed since that is especially relevant in the current conditions when the ontological, axiological and ethical aspects of the society are being reinterpreted. The importance of considering the values of different customer generations to form impressions and experiences is emphasized. The working principles of the experience economy are considered. In the course of the research, general scientific methods were used: in particular, integrative and systemic approaches, to allow the identification of the essential content of the marketing element; structural and functional approach, allowing for the exploration of the structure and functions of the experience economy; socio-cultural approach, in order to examine the characteristics of the phenomenon and its impact on the system of interaction between the brand and the consumer; as well as axiological approach, which allow for the identification of value orientations and attitudes in their correlations with social axiology. The prospects of the experience economy as a factor contributing to sustainable development from the point of view of its impact on the consumer behavior and society are analyzed. The research indicates the emergence of a new paradigm of sociocultural experience based on co-creation and acquisition of a unique collective experience. The increasing importance of growing social capital by doing work for public causes is emphasized. Specificities of the economy of impressions are described and its core concepts systematized. The author concludes that the economy of impressions is a response to the value orientations of millennials to modern challenges which determines their consumer behavior.

Effect of fatty acid profiles in varying recipes of ready-to-use therapeutic foods on neurodevelopmental and clinical outcomes of children (6-59 months) with severe wasting: a systematic review.

In 2020, 13.6 million children under 5 years suffered from severe acute malnutrition (SAM)/wasting. Standard ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) improve polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status but contain suboptimal amounts of omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs with unbalanced n-6-to-n-3 PUFA ratios. The aim was to compare the effects of RUTFs with different essential fatty acid contents on PUFA status, neurodevelopmental, and clinical outcomes (mortality, comorbidities, and recovery) of children with severe wasting. Twelve databases, trial repositories, and article references with no publication limitations. Ten studies from randomized, quasi, and cluster-randomized controlled trials providing RUTFs as home treatment to children 6-59 months with SAM/wasting were included. Plasma phospholipid eicosapentaenoic acid content was higher in children receiving RUTF with altered essential fatty acid contents compared with standard RUTF (0.20 [0.15-0.25], P < 0.00001). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status only improved in children receiving RUTF with added fish oil (0.33 [0.15-0.50], P = 0.0003). The Malawi Developmental Assessment tool (MDAT) global development and problem-solving assessment scores were higher in global assessment and gross motor domains in children receiving added fish oil compared with standard formulation (0.19 [0.0-0.38] and 0.29 [0.03-0.55], respectively). Children receiving high-oleic-acid RUTF (lowering the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of the RUTF) with or without fish oil had significantly higher scores in social domains compared with those receiving the standard formulation (0.16 [0.00-0.31] and 0.24 [0.09-0.40]). Significantly higher mortality risk was found in children receiving a standard formulation compared with RUTF with a lower n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (0.79 [0.67-0.94], P = 0.008). Although lowering n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios did not increase plasma DHA, it improved specific neurodevelopmental scores and mortality due to lower linoleic acid (high-oleic-acid peanuts), higher alpha-linolenic acid (altered oil), or both. Additional preformed n-3 long-chain PUFAs (fish oil) with RUTF improved the children's DHA status, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and weight-for-height z score. More research is needed regarding cost, availability, stability, acceptability, and the appropriate amount of n-3 long-chain PUFAs required in RUTFs for the best clinical outcomes. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022303694.

Analysis of the Free Amino Acid Profile of Barley Grain from Organic Fertilisation with Ash from Biomass Combustion.

Fertilisation with ash from biomass combustion has a positive effect on the quality of nutrients in agrifood raw materials, improving their chemical composition and bioavailability. In the experiments carried out, the protein content and the profile of free amino acids in barley flour were examined from cultivation fertilised with biomass ash at various doses. Barley flour from Haplic Luvisol soil was characterised by a significantly higher (by 13.8% on average) total protein content compared to flour obtained from grains from Gleyic Chernozem soil. The highest protein content but a low content of free amino acids were found in the grains of plants fertilised with the mineral NPK (D1). An increase in the total pool of free amino acids in flour was observed, especially in the case of Haplic Luvisol soil. On average, after fertilising, significantly more ASP, ASN, GLU, GLY, ALA, and CYS were obtained in variant D4 (1.5 t·ha-1), and there were also significantly more TAU and GABA than in the control, up by 30.2% and 23%, respectively. A beneficial effect of fertilisation on the essential amino acid content in barley flour was found, but only up to the dose of D4, when it was significantly higher than in the control and under mineral fertilising (D1), up by 23.7% and 9.2%, respectively. High ash doses reduced the content of free amino acids in the tested barley flour. This study confirmed that using an alternative method of fertilising with plant biomass ash has a beneficial effect on protein quality and nutritional value.

Guidance on minimum standards for canine-assisted psychotherapy in adolescent mental health: Delphi expert consensus on terminology, qualifications and training

Abstract Introduction: Canine-assisted psychotherapy (CAP) is an emerging field that is largely unregulated and at times fragmented. Despite this, CAP shows promise as an innovative intervention for improving adolescent mental health. To ensure safe, ethical interventions incorporating dogs, providers need minimum standards to guide intervention development and subsequent research. Initially, standards should guide the preliminary steps required to prepare for and set up CAP interventions. These should include consensus agreement on the specific training and qualifications of providers, and training/assessment standards for canines to deliver such interventions. Also crucial is establishing clear expectations about treatment goals via use of clinically accurate terminology. Methods: Using Delphi methodology, experts in animal-assisted therapy (AAT) were recruited globally to complete questionnaires in an iterative process designed to establish consensus. Consensus was met when 80% or more experts agreed that an item was either ‘important’ or ‘essential’ and therefore included or ‘unimportant’ or ‘irrelevant’ and therefore excluded from the minimum standards required to develop a CAP group intervention for adolescents experiencing common mental health disorders including depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorder. Results: Over two rounds, consensus was reached to include 34 items and exclude none; 45 items remained unresolved. Standardized terminology was identified that clearly defined the type and scope of the service being provided, delineating psychotherapeutic treatments from informal dog-related interactions. To deliver the CAP intervention, providers must have formal qualifications and licensure/registration in mental health, training and supervision in AAT, and canine-specific training and experience. Important temperament characteristics of working dogs were identified including absence of aggression, and enjoyment working in CAP. Dogs should be formally assessed in obedience and AAT applications, in partnership with a bonded handler. Assessors of dog-handler teams should be independent and have expertise in both canine ethology and AAT. Discussion: These results reinforce the importance of accurate and standardized terminology, and the need for further community education on the role of ‘therapy’ and ‘therapy dogs’. Consensus on the essential content for provider training was not achieved, highlighting the diversity of practice globally. Nevertheless, there was recognition of the need for breadth and depth of knowledge across the domains of mental health, AAT, canine training, and handling dogs for AAT applications. Dogs working independently of a bonded handler were not supported, nor were mental health providers working with an ‘assessed’ dog in the absence of AAT and CAP training. Implications for clinical practice are explored.

The levels of information objectification in the context of legal protection ability

The subject of the study is the essential content and interpretation of the essence of “information”, its symbolic metaphysics. The emphasis is on the sign-symbolic level of perception of information, as well as its meaning (significance) of the sequence in the subsequent interpretation of information. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the concept of “information”. including as a result of intellectual activity. Also discusses the legal mechanisms that are designed to regulate such a multi-border phenomenon as “information”. The conclusions are formulated that due to the original immaterial (ideal) nature of information, including for the purpose of its perception, it is inextricably linked with the corresponding material (physical) carrier, which acts as a form for its objectification, thereby the form and content of information are inextricably linked within the framework of the regulation of the information exchange process. Based on the research carried out, the authors define and substantiate the concept of systematization of legal regimes of information, which is based on the levels of its objectification.

Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Amaranthus hybridus L.: Ancestral Andean Food Security and Modern Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity.

The species Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Amaranthus hybridus L. are Andean staples, part of the traditional diet and gastronomy of the people of the highlands of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina and Chile, with several ethnopharmacological uses, among them anticancer applications. This review aims to present updated information on the nutritional composition, phytochemistry, and antimicrobial and anticancer activity of Quinoa and Amaranth. Both species contribute to food security due to their essential amino acid contents, which are higher than those of most staples. It is highlighted that the biological activity, especially the antimicrobial activity in C. quinoa, and the anticancer activity in both species is related to the presence of phytochemicals present mostly in leaves and seeds. The biological activity of both species is consistent with their phytochemical composition, with phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and peptides being the main compound families of interest. Extracts of different plant organs of both species and peptide fractions have shown in vitro and, to a lesser degree, in vivo activity against a variety of bacteria and cancer cell lines. These findings confirm the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of both species, C. quinoa having more reported activity than A. hybridus through different compounds and mechanisms.

Evaluation of cold pressed oilseed cakes - A potential by-product for valorization

In a sstudy taken up to evaluate the nutritional composition of cold pressed oilseed cakes, sesame and mustard oilseed cakes were richest sources of protein, fiber and minerals. The essential amino acids content among the oilseed cakes ranged between 32.98 to 41.05gm/100gm, with highest essential amino acid content in mustard seed cake. Oleic Acid (C18:1n9cis) and linoleic Acid (C18:2n6cis) acids were found in higher quantities among all the oilseed cakes. However anti-nutrients like oxalates, phytates and saponins were also present in all seed cakes with significantly higher content in sesame and mustard seed cakes indicating the need for various pre-treatments before using the oilseed cakes for various food formulations. The oil processing industry generates a large amount of oilseed cake every year and hence efforts must be aimed at minimizing and efficiently valorizing this nutritious byproduct to support the concept of zero waste.

Preparing Nurse Educator Students for the New National Council of State Boards of Nursing NCLEX and AACN Essentials.

Graduate nursing education students are required to complete essential core content (such as education theory, accreditation, evidence-based teaching strategies, and evaluation methods) to prepare them to transition into independent practice. The 2021-2022 academic year required a monumental change in the existing curriculum to incorporate the 2021 American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials and the Next Gen National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) content. An innovative, prioritized, learner-centered, backward design was used to update the existing curriculum to add the new core content to the nursing education student curriculum. The end of program comprehensive exams revealed that the students were able to successfully develop a test blueprint, utilizing case studies with Next Gen NCLEX question types designed to measure clinical judgment, and map to the 2021 AACN Essentials. The timely implementation of the curriculum revisions resulted in the achievement of desired student learning outcomes. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(3):192-196.].

Media's influence on suicide: Building a safer online world for all

In 1999, World Health Organization (WHO) initiated a global campaign focused on suicide prevention. In collaboration with International Association for Suicide Prevention, WHO compiled recommendations and resources intended to educate various societal and groups with the potential to impact suicide prevention, and this included the media. In order to combat the alarmingly high incidence of suicides (Tandon and Nathani, 2018), it is imperative to institute guidelines outlining how the social media forums ought to disseminate altruistic, essential educational content while. This work is a step toward achieving the same by laying down guidelines that could potentially reduce the suicide rate.

Mineral composition and nutritive value of fresh and supplemented rice straws preserved in manual stacking, balling, and wrapping storage methods

Rice straws are underutilized as feed due to cattle’s preference for fresh straw. Rice straws have low nutritional value and are easily susceptible to microbial spoilage during traditional storage of loose stacking or manual open-air balling. Supplementing fresh rice straws with some minerals, energy, and protein could improve the nutritional value and storage stability under different preservation methods. The present study aimed to determine the effect of supplementing fresh rice straws with minerals, molasses, and urea, stored under three manual treatments: loose stacking, open-air balling, and airtight wrapping. Fresh rice straws were treated with 1% calcite-based mineral mixture, 0.6% molasses, and 0.05% urea and stored for 60 days. The supplemented rice straws were chopped and mixed with a basal diet composed of 55% elephant grass and 20% concentrate. Four experimental diets were then developed from the composite. That is the basal diet + fresh rice straw (FRS), basal diet+stacking supplemented rice straw (SSRS), basal diet+balling supplemented rice straw (BSSR), and basal diet+wrapping supplemented rice straw (WSRS). The experimental diets were fed to young Pesisir bulls using a 4x4 Latin Square design for eleven days. Fresh and supplemented rice straws were analyzed for dry matter, mineral content, blood hematology profile and protein content. The fresh rice straw had a relatively high potassium, iron, and manganese content but was low in calcium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, and selenium. Supplementation significantly increased the concentration of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, copper, and selenium in the preserved rice straw. Rice straw preserved in the wrapping way had the highest copper, cobalt, and selenium content. Feeding cattle with supplemented rice straw preserved in the wrapping method, decreased the blood monocyte value equivalent to that of the fresh straw. Supplementation of fresh rice straws with calcite-based minerals, molasses, and urea has the potential to increase some essential mineral content and maintained the nutritional value of rice straw preserved in an air-tied wrapping method. Key words: Calcites, Hematology, Mineral, Pesisir cattle, Rice straw, Storage, Supplementation

The selenium-promoted daidzein production contributes to its induced nodulation in soybean plants

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient to humans. Se biofortification in crops provides an effective means to enhance dietary Se intake. However, the effects of Se treatment on plant growth and development remain to be fully studied. In this study, we applied Se to soybean plants grown hydroponically and in soil. We observed that selenate treatment increased nodule number and fresh weight. Furthermore, Se supplementation increased isoflavone daidzein accumulation in roots and nodules. An exogenous supply of daidzein but not kaempferol was found to increase nodule number and fresh weight significantly, suggesting a role of daidzein in the Se-induced nodulation in soybean plants. In addition, the total sugar levels in nodules, roots, and leaves were significantly enhanced following selenate treatment. Subsequently, the N-compounds were greatly increased after Se treatment in all tissues examined. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Se treatment altered various metabolic and cellular processes to affect nodulation and nodule development. Se treatment upregulated GmNIN2b, an important nodule organogenesis gene, as well as genes associated with sugar metabolism and ureide transport. Our study provides insights underlying the Se-induced nodulation in soybean plants and further documents that Se biofortification in soybean can simultaneously improve not only the essential nutrient content but also nodulation for biological nitrogen fixation, a critically important agronomic trait in soybean plants.

Personal narratives as intention-existential testimonies

The article highlights the theoretical and methodological principles of a person’s interpretation of his own experience from the standpoint of reflective and evaluative manifestations of his life path. In psychology, a narrative appears as a completed story of a person about a series of interconnected adventures-episodes, in which he himself was a participant or a witness. A person’s life path is a set of events – changes in the forms of physical changes, his health and mental states, a feeling of comfort-discomfort (the appearance of good or evil), situations-givens in various spheres of activity, which are concretized and acquire an emotional color, subjectively evaluated understanding of the world system. Narrative is understood in the context of interpretation of personified impressions, experiences, views and judgments about the causes and consequences of a certain event, fact, committed, committed. In psychology, the narrative is studied from the standpoint of hermeneutics – the art of interpretation, scientific activity (theory and method) of understanding and interpreting (explaining) the stories-narratives of the client. Hermeneutics holds in philosophical and humanitarian searches the understanding horizons of understanding and further interpretation of the intention (overarching plan, design, idea) of the essential purpose of a person, which is outlined by the spiritual and mental principle. The concept of meaning as a unit of consciousness serves to indicate the essential content of the etymological «with-known» – the direct understanding by a person of the principles and regularities of the organization of reality (the world), and to solve the problem of the relationship between the individual (meaning) and the social (meaning and meaning) in the consciousness and life of a person .A personal narrative is a description of the situations, facts, and events experienced by the subject of his life, which are perceived by him as meaningful, subjectively interpreted and influence the formation of experiential structures, which, in turn, determine the time-space of a person’s realization in the world. Recognizing, understanding and further interpretation of the essential contents of the client’s stories-narratives by the psychologist serves to highlight at the level of reflections the real problems of the person’s life and to find perspectives-horizons of their solution, to get rid through desensitization of the usual destructive patterns of actions-deeds as reactions to a negative vision of the circumstances of one’s everyday life. Therefore, in the work of a psychologist, understanding and reflection are fundamental, as they allow empathically to join the inner world of the client, to empathize, to use his bodily sensuality, and in the future to fairly objectively relay the ideas, impressions, values, requests of the person who needs psychological help, which will serve to harmonize its communication between one’s own self and the social space and will be accompanied by intensive development of the thinking and emotional-sensual spheres. The narrative appears as an intentional-existential space of a person’s self-presentation to the world, a manifestation of the experiential scope and strategic line of his life, as well as a form of modeling the inner light as a manifestation of the individual trajectory of learning in significant everyday situations. What is stated in the story-narrative is an integral (essential) property of the person himself, which is most expedient to interpret from the standpoint of a cyclical-action approach as a tool of reflexive methodology.

Farklı Ülkelerdeki Loranthus europaeus'un Amino Asit Profili

In this study, the amounts of amino acids in Loranthus europaeus samples grown in different regions (Türkiye, Iran and Iraq) were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The results indicate that, aspartic acid, serine, alanine, proline and tyrosine were found to be highest in samples grown in Iran, glutamic acid, asparagine, glycine, and glutamine were found in Loranthus europaeus samples grown in Iraq, and cysteine was found to be highest in samples grown in Türkiye. It can be said that Loranthus europaeus growing in Turkey is poor in terms of asparagine, serine, glycine, glutamine, alanine, proline and tyrosine, on the other hand aspartic acid found to be lowest in samples from Iraq and glutamic acid is the lowest samples from Iran. It was obtained that while Loranthus europaeus samples grown in Iran is the richest in terms of total essential amino acids, on the other hand samples grown in Türkiye is the poorest. Total amino acids content was highest in Iraqi samples and the lowest in Turkish samples. It can be said that the variation of essential and non-essential amino acids contents between regions could be due to geographical, and ecological differences.

Climate-based variability in the essential fatty acid composition of soybean oil

BackgroundSoybean oil is a major dietary source of the essential fatty acids linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA); however, high-daytime temperatures during seed development reduce desaturase activity in soybeans. The resultant reduction in LA and ALA levels is a phenomenon well-known to soybean breeders, although the impact of this interaction between plants and environment on human nutrition is poorly understood. ObjectivesUsing data from the literature, we developed a model for soybean essential fatty acid composition. Combining this model with contemporary agricultural and meteorological data sets, we determined whether insufficiency of essential fatty acids could result from geographic, intrayear, or interyear variability. MethodsWe modeled this change using 233 data points from 16 studies that provided fatty acid composition data from plants grown under daytime high temperatures ranging from 15°C to 40°C. ResultsAs temperature increased, LA and ALA concentrations decreased from 55% to 30% and 13% to 3.5%, respectively. Application of the model to daytime high temperatures from 2 growth periods over 6 y showed significant regional, interyear, and intrayear variation in essential fatty acid content (P < 0.05). Using county yield data, we developed oil fatty acid models for the 3 top-producing regions of the United States. From this work, it was determined that soybean oil manufactured from soybeans in the southern United States may contain insufficient ALA to meet human nutritional needs because of high-daytime temperatures. ConclusionsThis work suggests that climate-based variation may result in many human populations not achieving an adequate daily intake of ALA.

ANALYSIS OF CLASS 1 MERDEKA CURRICULUM TEACHING MODULES AT XAVERIUS 1 PRIMARY SCHOOL PALEMBANG

The current education system in Indonesia has implemented a new curriculum known as the Merdeka Curriculum. Merdeka Curriculum is a refinement curriculum from the 2013 Curriculum. In the implementation of Merdeka Curriculum, it consists of teaching modules used in the learning process. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology explained that the Merdeka Curriculum focuses on essential content and the development of students' competencies in each phase to enable students to learn more deeply, meaningfully, and enjoyably. The objective of this research is to describe the analysis results of the teaching modules in Merdeka Curriculum in Xaverius 1 Primary School Palembang. In accordance with the teaching modules based on the decision of the Ministry of Education and Culture, Research and Technology No 033/H/KR/2022. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach method. The technique of collecting data involves interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The subject in this research is Parallel Teacher in 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D Classes and the research object is the teaching modules for grade 1. Data validity is ensured through source triangulation. The technique of analyzing data used an interactive model from Miles Huberman. The result of this research indicated 91.1% compliance with teaching modules, syllabi, and ATP (Annual Program Plans), with 8.88% non-compliance. Meanwhile, the compliance of components and alignment with Learning Objectives within the elements is 100%.

Characteristics of Soft Bone Milkfish (Chanos chanos) with Different Boiling Times

Soft bone milkfish is a modification technique by softening the fish bone using high temperature. The advantage of this method is lower the risk of bone chocking while consuming the milkfish. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of boiling time on the characteristics of soft durian milkfish and the best boiling time favored by the community. The processing method begins with weeding the raw materials and washing them clean, arranging them in a bamboo basket covered with floating bamboo leaves. Boiling is done in a large cauldron with wood fuel and filled with water one third of the height of the casserole with ground spices. Conventional cooking is done for 8 hours. The research design used was a pressure cooker for 2 hours (control), conventional cooking for 6 hours, 7 hours and 8 hours. Cooking time did not affect protein content and moisture content, but did affect the levels of amino acid profiles, bone hardness and hedonic parameters of appearance, smell, taste and texture. The results showed that the best treatment was conventional cooking for 7 hours which had an appearance value of 8.57 ± 0.50, odor 8.67 ± 0.48, taste 8.47 ± 0.51, texture 8.53 ± 0.51, protein content 31.12 ± 0.84%, moisture content 64.48 ± 2.39%, essential amino acid profile content 135.521 mg/1000g, profile content non-essential amino acids 132.785 mg/1000g, bone hardness 44.12 ± 14.11N.