Essential Concepts Research Articles

ULUSAL KİMLİK İNŞALARI VE ÖZCÜLÜĞÜN SIĞINMACI KARŞITI TUTUMLARA DAİR SONUÇLARI

The current study investigates the relationships between essentialism, constructions of national identity, and responses toward Syrian refugees in Turkey. We draw upon the concept of essentialism, which refers to tendencies to view socially constructed categories such as race and gender as fixed, natural, strictly bounded, and informative about people’s characteristics. We extend this concept to national essentialism, which we define as beliefs that the nation is a fixed entity with clear and strict boundaries that defines the qualities of its members. We argue that such an essentialist way of thinking will predict tendencies to define a particular national identity such as Turkishness in a more exclusionary way, by emphasizing common ancestral and cultural roots, rather than by emphasizing civic bonds such as citizenship. Such an ethno-cultural construction of the national identity, in turn, is likely to feed into tendencies to exclude ethnically and culturally diverse immigrant populations within the society. We have collected data from a sample of 500 participants to test our proposed mediation model using structural equation modelling. Our analyses have shown that national essentialism predicts endorsement of an ethno-cultural construction of the Turkish national identity, which, in turn, predicts greater perceived threat posed by refugees, and greater support for anti-refugee policies. Endorsement of a civic construction of national identity does not play a mediating role in the model. Our study connects the literatures on essentialism and constructions of national identity to shed light on the psychological roots of public responses toward newcomers to societies such as refugees. We discuss the theoretical and applied implications of our findings.

Transfeminist perspectives: Beyond cisnormative understandings of the digital public sphere

In this essay we highlight the value of transfeminist theory for understanding the digital public sphere. Transfeminism allows us to challenge the devaluation of femininity that affects all women and femmes, while specifically challenging the marginalisation of people whose gender expression does not match societal stereotypes of the gender and sex binary, particularly those who experience oppression on multiple axes. Building on existing intersectional approaches to social media, we demonstrate how transfeminism’s capacity to deconstruct binaries, such as online/offline and public/private, and the essential concepts it provides us, such as transmisogyny and networks of care, are crucial for understanding the operation of contemporary transphobia as well as possibilities and opportunities for resistance and solidarity. Using two recent cases in the UK, we firstly consider the circulation of transphobic discourse in the hybrid media system through the onslaught of abuse faced by Trades Union Congress Policy Officer for Industry and Climate, trans woman Mika Minio-Paluello. Secondly, we reflect on the possibility of transfeminist counterpublics of care emerging from protests around Drag Queen Story Hours. This discussion is not meant to be exhaustive but rather a call to action for further transfeminist scholarship in this area.

KRISIS METAFISIKA DAN FILSAFAT SEBAGAI TUGAS BERPIKIR: PERSPEKTIF HEIDEGGER

This article aims to reflect further Heidegger's thought on the crisis of metaphysics and philosophy as a task of thinking. Philosophy since ancient times, even today, has been oriented to seek and formulate the essential and universal concept. Is it true that searching for the ontotheological nature is the most important task of philosophy? Is it true that these single principles can reflect the truth? By using the method of library researh and critical analysis of Heidegger's works and studies on the crisis of metaphysics, this article shows that philosophy essentially does not aim to formulate absolute, universal and single notion. Philosophy is also not a project of producing standard, abstract, sophisticated and technical concepts. The important task of philosophy is to encourage men to think, an art of understanding. Thinking is not a calculative thinking (instrumental-technical rationality) but meditative and reflective thinking. Under philosophy as the task of thinking, Being, namely the totality of reality, is responded with amazement, humility and simplicity. Philosophy must liberate itself from the metaphysical trap of totalitarian power which tends to hegemonize others in the name of a single truth, to philosophy that celebrates the plurality of truths with humility dan simplicity. That is the real meaning of philosophy as philo-sophia, the love of wisdom.

Self-Perceived Clinical Competence of Nurses in Different Working Experiences: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Competence is an essential concept for measuring nurses' performance in terms of effectiveness and quality. To this end, our analysis highlighted the process of acquiring competencies, their self-evaluation into clinical practice, and how their proficiency levels change throughout the nursing career. In detail, this research explored nurses' perceived level of competence and the factors that influence it in different contexts. A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire to assess the nursing participants' perception of their competencies in different clinical settings was accomplished. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed on 431 nurses. Most respondents assessed their level of competence to be higher than their roles required. The Kruskal-Wallis test confirmed that nursing experience was a relevant factor influencing nursing competencies. We suggest improving the competence of practicing nurses, using experience as a measurable effect of their development.

Learning from experience - Radiology ancillary review of prospective research studies involving imaging

This report describes the operational process of a big academic children's hospital's Radiology Scientific Review Committee, with a focus on its role in integrating radiology services into pediatric clinical research. We define the step-by-step workflow used to assess research proposals involving imaging and share insights from the past three years of data collection. Trends in modalities, radiologist involvement, and interpretation possibilities are outlined in the data. This systematic methodology provides essential resource allocation concepts and promotes high-quality pediatric clinical research.

Reconstructed Prototype Network Combined with CDC-TAGCN for Few-Shot Action Recognition

Research on few-shot action recognition has received widespread attention recently. However, there are some blind spots in the current research: (1) The prevailing practice in many models is to assign uniform weights to all samples; nevertheless, such an approach may yield detrimental consequences for the model in the presence of high-noise samples. (2) Samples with similar features but different classes make it difficult for the model to be distinguished. (3) Skeleton data harbors rich temporal features, but most encoders face challenges in effectively extracting them. In response to these challenges, this study introduces a reconstructed prototype network (RC-PN) based on a prototype network framework and a novel spatiotemporal encoder. The RC-PN comprises two enhanced modules: Sample coefficient reconstruction (SCR) and a reconstruction loss function (LRC). SCR leverages cosine similarity between samples to reassign sample weights, thereby generating prototypes robust to noise interference and more adept at conveying conceptual essence. Simultaneously, the introduction of LRC enhances the feature similarity among samples of the same class while increasing feature distinctiveness between different classes. In the encoder aspect, this study introduces a novel spatiotemporal convolutional encoder called CDC-TAGCN. The temporal convolution operator is redefined in CDC-TAGCN. The vanilla temporal convolution operator can only capture the surface-level characteristics of action samples. Drawing inspiration from differential convolution (CDC), this research enhances TCN to CDC-TGCN. CDC-TGCN allows for the fusion of discrepant features from action samples into the features extracted by the vanilla convolutional operator. Extensive feasibility and ablation experiments are performed on the skeleton action dataset NTU-RGB + D 120 and Kinetics and compared with recent research.

GENDER CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VOICE USING RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORK (RNN)

The information technology field continues to progress rapidly. Technological progress is kept in check with such factors as touch, sight, and sound. Each man with another man has a characteristic difference, one that can be seen is by his voice. The processing of sound is an essential concept to all kinds of systems that require human interaction in its daily activities. One of the techniques used in processing speech is classification, which has a direct effect on speech recognition systems. SimpleRNN and LSTM are models of deep learning that can be used to classify sentiment. It can process data in such a sequence as sound, video, and text. These results provide accuracy 90% of the test data and 95% accuracy to the training data.

Lived experiences of teachers and students in distance education: shift from traditional to online learning

The shift from the traditional way of teaching to distance learning has led many institutions to transition to online learning, which is considered the most effective method for delivering curriculum content to students. Research on distance education shows promise, but it also reveals certain drawbacks. Consequently, improving the promotion of distance education in each institution presents a challenge. This research aims to address two key questions: (a) What are the developmental issues faced by instructors and students when transitioning from traditional to online learning? (b) What potential effects could these problems have on instructors and students' performance? Thematic analysis was employed to identify essential concepts related to information necessary for understanding online and distance learning. This analysis revealed the emergence of the "MAP" of distance learning, encompassing three distinct themes derived from the six main questions in the researcher's interview guide. "MAP" refers to the methodologies employed by different institutions during the teaching and learning shift, the alternative platforms used to deliver curriculum content, and the encountered problems. It is essential for institutions to be well-informed about these problems to effectively address them.

Social protection as a special socio-legal phenomenon

The article aims to elucidate the conceptual essence of the socio-legal phenomenon known as social protection. To fulfill this objective, we delve into specialized scientific and legal literature that sheds light on various facets of social protection and its interconnected socio-legal phenomena. Our research methodology encompasses a range of scientific methods, including formal-logical, formal-legal, dialectical, system-structural, and generalization methods.
 «Social protection» can broadly be construed as a cohesive set of targeted initiatives, spearheaded by both state and civil society actors. These initiatives, primarily of a legal, economic, and social nature, are geared toward supporting and ensuring the welfare of society’s most vulnerable groups. This might include specific sectors, such as employees from a particular industry or even a singular enterprise. In the contemporary landscape of Ukraine’s social law doctrine, social protection emerges as a multifaceted socio-legal phenomenon. Firstly, this complexity stems from the intricate web of entities that facilitate social protection. This network encompasses public service bodies at the national and local (regional and municipal) levels and extends to organizational frameworks like enterprises, institutions, and other organizations. Additionally, civil society entities, along with other mandated bodies, play pivotal roles in bolstering this protective framework. Beyond its foundational concept, «social protection» carries dual connotations. Firstly, it represents the concerted efforts of entities dedicated to providing social protection, working towards ensuring social security. Secondly, it epitomizes the tangible outcomes resulting from these endeavors. These outcomes culminate in fostering a climate of social security, whether at the individual, group, or overarching societal levels. Central to this environment of security are several pivotal conditions: the proactive prevention of new or escalating social risks; the rectification of identified social threats; and the strategic reduction of impacts from risks that cannot be entirely eliminated.
 In Ukraine, social protection stands out with distinct characteristics. Firstly, it mandates a unique mechanism for the execution of public policies within the social realm, positioning itself as an exclusive socio-legal institution. Secondly, its dedicated legal machinery drives the evolution and materialization of social protection. Thirdly, this system is more than a mere institution; it is a socio-legal entity with a clearly defined objective and a myriad of tasks. These defining traits underline that the very essence of social protection in Ukraine is intimately tied to another socio-legal phenomenon: social risk. There exists an undeniable nexus between social protection and social risk, underpinned by several compelling reasons. Firstly, social protection’s essence lies in ensuring the conditions for social security. This is attained through the proactive prevention of social risks and challenges, the mitigation of their adverse effects, and their elimination when feasible. Secondly, this symbiotic relationship is further reinforced by the state’s commitment, alongside local governments and civil society entities, to execute its social function. This commitment stems from the imperatives of the principle of social solidarity. This principle mandates unwavering attention to both the tangible and potential challenges in securing the well-being of individuals or groups.

Comparison of different motif discovery algorithms

One of the most difficult challenges in molecular biology as well as computer science is finding patterns in DNA sequences. Identification of regulatory motifs is critical for understanding the gene expression. The essential concept in gene expression is that each a gene encodes the instructions for making a protein. The process of expression begins with the binding of several recognised protein factors. As transcription factors, they bind to enhancer and promoter sequences (Li and Li, 2019). Transcription is the first stage, which involves creating an RNA "copy" of a section of the DNA. This RNA sequence is read and interpreted to create a protein in the second stage of the process, known as translation. Gene expression is the combined result of these two actions. Numerous regulatory transcription factors (TFs), also known as Transcription Factor Binding Sites (TFBS), bind to certain DNA regions to control gene expression. In the past ten years, a significant new method for understanding transcription regulation networks has emerged: the computational identification of TFBS through the study of DNA sequence data (Ruzicka et al., 2017). Finding sequence motifs can be challenging since intergenic regions are extremely long and highly varied, while sequence motifs are small (approximately 6–12 bp). Sequence motifs are frequently repeated and conserved, and they have a fixed size. These patterns are critical for identifying Transcription Factor Binding Sites (TF-BSs), which aids in understanding the mechanisms governing gene expression 3. Motifs can be classified as planted, structured, gapped, sequence, network, and motifs (Hashim et al., 2019). An important issue in computational biology is the finding of weak motifs. It is challenging to solve because there are so many inconsistencies between the actual theme and its altered variants that false signals may mask the real ones. Further, it is challenging to identify and uncover regulatory elements using computer algorithms since they are typically brief and varied. The task of solving the theme finding problem is that of discovering overrepresented motifs as well as conserved motifs from the set of DNA sequences that are good candidates for becoming sites where transcription factors bind. Transcription factor is a protein that functions as a gene expression regulator, specifically regulating the start of the transcription process that produces mRNA using DNA as a template. The common sequence is called a motif. A "pattern" in a transcription factor's binding sites. Finding motifs will aid in the development of illness therapies and comprehension disease susceptibility (Mohanty and Mohanty, 2020). Many techniques for analysing gene function start with the finding of a DNA motif. Finding Transcription Factor Binding Sites (TFBSs), which aid in understanding the mechanisms for controlling gene expression, is a crucial part of motif discovery. The development of quick and precise motif discovery technologies has utilised a variety of algorithms over the years. These algorithms are typically categorised as probabilistic or consensus techniques, and many of them take a lot of time to run and are prone to get stuck in local optimums. Recently, solutions to these issues have been offered using both nature-inspired algorithms and a variety of combinatorial algorithms (Hashim et al., 2019).

The proposal for a revised Product Liability Directive: The emperor's new clothes?

On September 28, 2022, the European Commission presented the long-awaited proposal for a revised Product Liability Directive (PLD). By adapting rules and concepts to digitalization and circular economy, the revised PLD aims to ensure that the damage that defective products caused can be remedied adequately. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the substantive and procedural harmonized rules that are reshaped in the revised PLD. The discussion shows that although the revised version makes progress, ambiguities remain about essential concepts such as ‘product’, ‘damage’, and ‘defectiveness’. Those ambiguities could generate significant legal uncertainties. In addition, it is imperative to consider whether the harmonization that results from the revised PLD strikes a balance between centralized policy goals and local preferences. Since it has been reiterated that the revised PLD will be limited to safety-related harm rather than to harm to other fundamental rights (e.g., data protection and equal treatment), it is also crucial to inquire whether harms of the latter kind can be remedied effectively by other relevant legal regimes.

Implementation of a Cancer Education Program in Rural Counties with the Lowest HPV Vaccination Rates and Health Rankings.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). To address STIs, one rural county public school district developed a series of Family Life Programs to educate pre-teens about pertinent health information. The Schooling Cancer Program (SCP) was developed in partnership with the local Cancer Research and Resource Center to raise awareness about cancer risk factors including HPV-related cancers and HPV prevention methods. We collected a post-evaluation survey from students who attended a SCP session at one of the targeted middle schools. The SCP educated students about topics focusing on healthy lifestyles. The survey asked students' knowledge on the SCP topics, HPV knowledge, tobacco usage, and factors that reduced cancer development. 87% agreed that tobacco products are associated with cancer, and 81% did not agree that E-cigarettes are scientifically proven to be safer than cigarettes. Although we do not have pre-evaluation data about these students' HPV knowledge, our evaluation survey shows that 80% of students correctly identified HPV as the most common STI, and 84% of students correctly identified the factors that decrease their risk of developing cancer. Through this initiative, students learned essential health concepts and HPV-related risk factors.

Game Theory in Companies: A Program-approach to Find all Nash equilibria in Games with Two Players

Game theory is a famous mathematical formula for economic decision-making. When two companies launch competing games within a similar time frame in the game industry, they must choose wisely between launch dates, trailer release dates, and launch platforms to seek the highest return and lower risk. This report turns the three main strategies of the release time, the preview time, and the release platform into specific values and finds the optimal strategy choice using nash equilibria. Nash equilibrium is an essential concept in finding the optimal solution. Given the complexity of finding the equilibria, computational tools are used for the task. Software like Gambit, Game Theory Explorer and python programs are used for computing all nash equilibria. This paper quantifies the three main reasons that may affect the sales result: the timing and order of the trailer, the interval between launch days, and the release platform, and turning these factors into a pay-off matrix. According to the calculation results on those pay-off matrices, this paper formulates a set of well-founded game sales methods to maximize the company's profits.

Framework for Environmental and Socially Responsible Economic Growth

Objective: Sustainable development is being propelled forward by a confluence of factors, social commerce efforts, the collaborative economy, and education. With steady agricultural production capacities, there is a growing need to increase the intensity of food over product production. The main drawbacks of this are current global population situation, profitability of the consumer sector and the issue of insecurity. The rising cost of food is another issue that has motivated researchers to look for ways to improve agricultural productivity through the use of cutting-edge technology. All of these factors could significantly impact the future of sustainable development and social enterprise. Consequently, this aims on the lookout for creative answers how to boost output without significantly raising prices based on social economics. New business models are being established on the back of ideas like social commerce, the collaborative economy, and virtual currencies, in which people are looking for ways to redistribute wealth more fairly through exchanges of equity, trust, and collaboration.
 
 Method: The purpose of this research is to examine how these factors contribute to sustainable growth by developing Legal Framework for Socially Sustainable Economic Development [LF-SSED]. As a result, the use of cutting-edge technologies in digital transformation, it might be an important milestone in the business world, ushering in new ways of doing things and unlocking dormant potential.
 
 Result: To begin, it is necessary to define some of the more essential concepts in this research.
 
 Conclusion: Preparing students to take advantage of environmentally friendly development and economic prospects brought forth by technological progress is a top priority a constructivist approach centered on the learner is then used.

Knowledge sharing and innovation in business organization: A literature review

BACKGROUND: This study is a review of the literature related to the linkage of knowledge sharing and innovation in organizations. This is among the very few studies related to analyzing the extant literature about the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation to reveal the knowledge gaps and recommend future research directions. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this review of literature is to highlight the most essential concepts that may affect knowledge sharing and innovation, as well as to provide a foundation for future research on knowledge sharing and innovation through bibliometric analysis. The study identifies perhaps the most important popular keywords directly related to knowledge sharing and innovation. METHODS: This study systematically reviews papers on knowledge sharing and innovation extracted from the Web of Science. RESULTS: The study identified the five clusters, each comprising a set of closely related concepts of knowledge sharing and innovation. The first cluster was comprised of the concepts directly revealing the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation. This stream of research consists of a well developed of research. The other clusters such as knowledge management, innovation performance, mediation processes underlying the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation also revealed the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation. IMPLICATIONS: This research has a number of theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, this study identifies knowledge gaps and new avenues for future research. This study also helps managers and decision makers to identify and examine trends in promoting the linkage between knowledge sharing and innovation.

Construction and application of a multilevel geohazard domain ontology: A case study of landslide geohazards

The occurrence of geohazards entails sudden, unpredictable, and cascading effects, with numerous conceptual frameworks and intricate spatiotemporal relationships existing between hazard events. Presently, the absence of a unified mechanism for describing and expressing geohazard knowledge poses substantial challenges in terms of sharing and reusing domain-specific knowledge pertaining to geohazards. Therefore, it is imperative to address the issue of constructing a cohesive descriptive model that facilitates the sharing and reuse of geohazard knowledge. In this study, we propose a multilayered ontology construction method tailored specifically for the domain of landslide geological hazards. By comparing existing methods, we establish a hierarchical structure and expression framework for the geological hazard ontology. Notably, our approach seamlessly integrates the conceptual and semantic layers in the relationship description at each level, enabling association representation of hazard data across multiple tiers. We define essential concepts and attributes related to landslide geological hazards, along with their respective interrelationships. To achieve effective knowledge sharing and reuse, we model the ontology of the landslide geological disaster domain using the Web Ontology Language (OWL). This modeling approach serves as a powerful tool that facilitates the sharing and reuse of disaster-related knowledge. Finally, we verify the method's validity and reliability by employing illustrative case studies. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach imposes an affordable workload on human resources. Additionally, the foundational domain ontology significantly enhances information retrieval performance, thereby yielding satisfactory outcomes.

Development of the Chronic Pain Cognition Scale: A Culture-Sensitive Pain Measurement in Chinese.

People with pain problems are highly vulnerable to cultural disparities, and it is imperative to reduce these inequalities. This cross-sectional study aimed to develop a culturally sensitive Chronic Pain Cognition Scale (CPCS) for Chinese-/Chinese dialect-speaking populations and investigate its psychometric properties. Adult patients with chronic low back pain or chronic neck pain who visited pain clinics at a medical center in northern Taiwan were enrolled. Participants completed the demographic, intensity of pain, and two other related sensations, "Sng ()" and "Ma ()", often reported in Chinese-speaking populations, CPCS, Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-8, and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. 200 patients were included. Patients' mean age was 64.84 ± 14.33, 126 (63.0%) were female, and 83 (41.5%) had 13+ years of education. The average duration of pain was 77.25 ± 97.46 months, the intensity of pain was 6.04 ± 2.50, Ma was 3.43 ± 3.24, and Sng was 4.54 ± 3.14. The CPCS comprised four factors: pain impact (how pain impact one's life), losing face (how one being disrespected due to pain), helplessness, and avoidance, with good structural validity and adequate reliability (Cronbach α, 0.60-0.81) and satisfactory criterion-related validity. Moreover, losing face, an essential concept in Chinese relationalism, was significantly related to pain, Sng, and Ma (r = 0.19, 0.15 and 0.16), but not to pain acceptance or self-efficacy, indicating a culturally specific element in pain measurement. The CPCS has good psychometric properties and is suitable for evaluating chronic pain in the clinical setting, and might be generalizable to other Chinese-/Chinese dialect-speaking populations.

Harmonic-Based MIMO Transceiver With Time-Modulated Arrays

A simple harmonic-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver based on the time-modulated array (TMA) is proposed and verified, including detailed performance analysis, comparisons with state-of-the-art works and experiment verification. The essential concept is utilizing the time modulation technique to linearly map the actual multipath channels between multiple users and the antenna elements of the TMA to the equivalent virtual channels between users and harmonics with different frequencies. Models of the received and transmitted signals in both uplink and downlink transmissions based on the multi-user single-input multiple-output (SIMO) and multiple-input single-output (MISO) scenario are analyzed and derived, followed by the proposed harmonic channel estimation, detection and beamforming methods. Simulations on the performance of the proposed harmonic-based MIMO transceiver are provided and compared to the also TMA-based space division multiple access (SDMA) scheme, showing that the latter is more like a special case of the proposed scheme. An experimental 2-user wireless communication prototype based on a 4-element TMA is fabricated and tested to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of uplink signal transmission.

Geopolitical values of the mediatic communication

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the particularities of the functioning of the mass media in the context of reflecting the specific issue regarding the current international relations. After all, at the center of research is geopolitics in its close relationship and media interdependence. The history of becoming these relationships is being pursued, certain controversial issues are being discussed, generated by the assertion of geopolitics as a science, on the one hand, and the media, on the other, highlighting their tangency points but also the inherent differences. Attention is drawn to deciphering the observed tendency, manifested by the media, to become a political actor in situations that characterize contemporary international relations. Certain new forms of collaboration in the targeted areas, which are confusing, are also reported. In order to deepen the interpretation of the geo-information paradigm, the elucidation of some essential concepts, such as terrorism, crisis, conflict, is used.

PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK ANAK: STUDI KUALITATIF TENTANG POLA ASUH DAN PEMBINAAN KELUARGA

This study aims to investigate the role of parents in improving children's academic achievement in Cimande Village. The family, as the smallest unit in society, has a significant responsibility in fostering a positive lifestyle for children, including resilience, strong personality traits, and a sense of responsibility. A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing interviews with parents of elementary school-level children in Cimande Village. Purposive sampling was used to select research participants, considering variations in parenting styles and family development. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the collected data and identify emerging themes and patterns related to the role of parents in enhancing children's academic achievement. The findings indicate three key themes: the influence of good parenting practices and guidance on students' academic performance, the impact of parental attention to children's learning difficulties on their academic achievement, and the positive effect of active parental involvement in supporting their children's learning process. In conclusion, the research highlights the critical role of parents in enhancing children's academic achievement and their overall learning process. The family serves as an initial platform for laying the foundation and potential for children to comprehend essential concepts. The motivation and enthusiasm provided by parents have a positive impact on children's learning outcomes and foster their dedication to the learning process.