Human Essence Research Articles

Characteristics and Challenges of AI Education in the Liberal Arts Curriculum of Domestic Universities : With Emphasis on the Linkage between the Primary and Secondary Education Curriculum and the Liberal Arts Curriculum of University in the Digital Trans

This paper aims to explore the characteristics and challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI) education in the liberal arts curriculum of domestic universities. The revision of the curriculum to strengthen digital literacy has been in the field of the liberal arts in major universities. However, universities haven’t been aligning their curriculum with the core competencies developed in earlier stages. This has resulted in a disconnect occurring between AI education at the primary/secondary level and the university level. This gap can lead to students struggling to advance in AI-related topics as they transition to higher education. The liberal arts education of universities does not consider or reflect any linkage with the coherent system of the national curriculum, such as the 2022 revised national curriculum, of primary and secondary schools, which prevents the progress of students’ learning agency. For example, universities should take steps to open and run AI-related courses, regardless of government-supported projects, such as software (SW)-centered university projects. In fact, these project-based courses have not successfully addressed the need for a comprehensive AI and digital literacy education within the liberal arts. This paper, therefore, makes the following suggestions. Firstly, the liberal arts curriculum for AI education should restore its essence of humanity, preparing students to critically assess both the benefits and risks of AI in experiencing the digital transition. Secondly, universities should open and support AI-related courses in the liberal arts, ensuring that lecturers and professors receive the necessary resources to teach comprehensive AI education effectively.

Observations In Police Records And Their Prospection To Tutelas De Derecho In Criminal Proceedings

The main objective of the research was to analyze the normative limits to establish party observations in police records as part of the exercise of the right to defense and its prospection to protect rights in criminal proceedings. The results of the investigation showed that Peru continues to suffer the effects of abusive police activity that generates irreparable damage to the human essence of the people intervened in an abusive manner or without respect for their fundamental rights because they develop within them a criterion of abusiveness and disproportionality in the treatment by the intervening police officers. For this reason, the investigation establishes the importance of the right to write the observations of the detainee or his defense in the police records in order to denounce on the spot the abuses or arbitrariness committed during the proceedings, since, in most cases, there is a nonsense in the exercise of the function and it is established that the detainee refused to sign the report. It was concluded that there are problems related to arbitrariness in the exercise of police functions that are not reported in a timely manner by the victims, generating mistrust against the authorities and public institutions.

Женщины-оборотни: от образа в сказке до сюжетного мотива в литературе

<p>The article deals with the phenomenon of female werewolfism in Russian folklore and Russian-language literature. The image of a female werewolf in Russian folklore is divided into three categories: 1. Wonderful wives; 2. Bewitched lovers; 3. Substituted wife or bride. The image of a female werewolf in fairy tales is analyzed, functional diversity is revealed. The mythological origin of the image, connected with the idea of "otherworldliness" and anthropomorphic perception of the world, is studied. In Russian folklore, the female werewolf appears either in the image of a victim, who by nature is a human being, or she is asserted to have the function of salvation and improvement of the surrounding world. The transformation into various animals is not only an expression of totemism of Old Russian ancestors, but also a hidden manifestation of otherworldliness. At the same time, the female werewolf is the companion of the male protagonist, the key to the other world and a test for his marriage. The dual nature of woman in Russian fairy tales is eventually overcome, and the woman finally enters the hero's world. Further written literature transforms the worldview aspect into a metaphor describing the complexity and ambiguity of female behavior. N.V. Gogol again actualizes ideas about werewolves-witches, in Soviet literature the phenomenon of werewolfism will appear in the works of P.P. Bazhov, and in modern literature — in the novels of Victor Pelevin. Female werewolves in modern literature are often portrayed as characters with complex emotions and inner conflicts, as unusual creatures, but with human essence and emotions, or acquire them in the process of communication. The connection between werewolfism and the otherworld has always been maintained.</p>

The Replacement of What? Artificial Intelligence, Creativity and (More-than-)Humanness

The ongoing discourse regarding the potential substitution of human creativity by Artificial Intelligence (AI) raises questions about the essence of human nature. If the essence of humanity lies in creativity, and if AI can replicate this trait, it appears that creativity alone does not define what it means to be human. Rather than perceiving this as an ‘anthropological loss’ to be accepted or fought against, it can be viewed as an occasion to contemplate the human from a more-than-human perspective. By considering this perspective, it becomes evident that the definition of humanity has been a matter of dispute long preceding the recent advancements in AI. A theoretical approach to the relationship between AI, creativity and more-than-humanness is proposed as a way to show the possibilities that philosophy brings to counteract pessimistic approaches to the replaceability of the human by AI. By challenging the notion that humans are the sole proprietors of creativity, one can explore alternative forms of creativity beyond the human realm and consider how humans can facilitate their emergence.

Human Values in Buddhist Philosophy: A Review

The purpose of this study is to depict human values in Buddhist philosophy. This research is completed in three steps: 1. to present a brief overview on basic human values, 2. to present a brief overview on human values in Buddhist philosophy, 3. the need for human values in today’s society. Buddhist philosophy is a philosophy of human essence. This philosophy teaches people the true human values necessary to become complete human beings. That if held, human life can be shaped and inspired by true human values. And human values are the first condition for building order and just society. Human values refer to relatively stable beliefs composed of a number of attitudes. Human values are the thoughts, goals and objectives that govern and guide human behavior, practices and activities. Fairness, honesty and decency serve as the foundation of human values. Respecting elders, serving others, good manners, tolerance, fairness, honesty etc. are examples of human values. Human values accelerate the mental development of the individual. And by thus developing personality it paves the way for good governance and puts an end to social decay. A child acquires values from family, school, community, playmates, society and traditions. These rules are also the main criteria for the formation of human values. Basically the things that deserve to be human characteristics and qualities are human values. As a result of nurturing these human values, ideological, religious or sacred issues are awakened over time. Through the concept of emotional and ideological unity, human values emerge psychologically in a person, which order and improve the state, society and family. And in this world, the teaching of Buddhist philosophy has strengthened human values among mankind. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present basic human values and human values in Buddhist philosophy, the need for human values in today’s society as well. Philosophy and Progress, Vol#73-74; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2023 P 131-149

Artificial intelligence’s challenges to the essence of humanity from the perspective of Martin Luther’s anthropology in Chinese context

Artificial intelligence’s challenges to the essence of humanity from the perspective of Martin Luther’s anthropology in Chinese context

The Crisis of Technology and the Quest for Meaning: A Critical Conception of Media Philosophy

The crisis of modern technology has led to a series of issues such as the pervasive emptiness of meaning and the loss of subjectivity in human society. Under the influence of technological supremacy and instrumental rationality, philosophy, which abstractly refines the fundamental problems faced by humanity such as the meaning of existence, truth, and the dichotomy between rationality and irrationality, also finds itself in a crisis of legitimacy. In this context, the "media turn" in philosophy is an attempt to break free from its shackles. This paper proposes a media philosophy from the essential attributes of human communication and the inseparability of communication and media. By analyzing communication as a fundamental human essence, this paper outlines the basic concept of media philosophy, explores the path of media philosophy, and emphasizes the inherent significance of the collision of life's meanings and communicative exchanges. This paper asserts that in the era of "media as being" ontology, it is especially necessary to understand the essence of human existence and the face of the world constituted by communication from the perspective of media.

THE SEVEN-LEVEL HUMAN AS A BASIS FOR UNDERSTANDING HEALTH

The health crisis is deepening due to the lack of a holistic view of the human being, necessitating a reevaluation of approaches to holistic health, transcending the medieval notion of the unity of spirit, soul, and body, which remains relevant to this day. A deeper understanding of the holistic essence of humans and their health can be found in the seven-level system, references to which are found in ancient Eastern traditions. In Western culture, the concept of sevenfoldness is also present in the works of medieval mystics, particularly the German thinker Jakob Böhme. The purpose of this article is to analyze the seven qualities of the Spirit, described by Böhme as his empirical experience of knowing God, which can serve as the basis for the concept of the seven-level structure of humans and their health. The analysis of the divine qualities described by Böhme, such as cold, heat, bitterness, sweetness, acidity, and saltiness, showed that separately, under certain conditions, they can cause human diseases. The seven types of Spirit classified by Böhme combine primary qualities into flexible, changing fluid groups that form certain states and can serve as the basis for the structuring of the seven-level human. Each of these seven qualities has its structure: each subsequent one absorbs and is based on the previous one. The first three qualities correspond to the earthly manifestation of humans in the physical, emotional, and active spheres of life. The fourth quality has a dual nature and combines the earthly and heavenly manifestations of the Spirit, while the three higher qualities define the higher spiritual triad, which, presumably, corresponds to the triune higher values that require further research. The analysis of Böhme’s works also showed that the lower qualities are reflected in the higher ones, being similar to them and at the same time opposite. Such a system can serve as a starting point for further studies of the structure of human wholeness and health, integrating the empirical experience of mystics and alchemists into the modern scientific context.

MARTIN HEIDEGGER’S METAPHYSICAL QUESTION OF 1929-1930: GENESIS AND CONSEQUENCES

The article examines the foundations that constitute the formulation of the metaphysical question in Martin Heidegger’s philosophy. The article focuses in detail on the period of 1929-1930, which includes the report “Was ist Metaphysik?” and the lecture course “Die Grundbegriffe der Metaphysik. Welt–Endlichkeit–Einsamkeit”. The introduction to the article and the main problem are three prejudices from Being and Time that make it impossible to ask a clear question about being. The main material is presented on the basis of primary sources: “Being and Time”, “Basic Concepts of Metaphysics”. The peculiarity of Heidegger’s work of the 1929s and 1930s is the approximation of the research methodology in the 1927 treatise to the present. Phenomenological hermeneutics and fundamental ontology were used in relation to the ancient Greeks to develop a metaphysics of ciphers or special words in which Heidegger concentrated the Greek experience of being. During the 1930s, Heidegger would make an effort to realize this experience by looking for points of intersection between Greeks and Germans in German idealism and poetry. Since the Greeks are ruled by aeon (temporal time) and agon (the spirit of competition), modern metaphysics needs to develop a special concept of being that would distinguish who Germans are, where they came from, and where they are going. The article proposes a distinction between higher being - divine, human life-world – social, human essence – cultural, working, shepherd. Being, being and man are subject to metaphysical questioning as the most general concepts. That is, those that immediately or a priori express a certain clarity. Nihilism, as the spirit of the time, demands that metanarratives be questioned and self-evidence be reassessed. An outstanding achievement of Heidegger’s metaphysical question is the distinction being as Seyn. The nationalist or folk Old German definition of being both frees it from academic requirements and accurately captures the open horizon in which the existence of the first half of the 20th century was frozen. Since this essence of man is presented after the linguistic turn, it lacks the main feature of the turn-a specific linguistic ability or words that clarify being. The article aims to study Martin Heidegger’s metaphysical teaching in the 1929-1930s. The article concludes that the metaphysics of the above-mentioned years of Heidegger’s philosophy reveals itself in parallel with the spirit of the time of the then German conservative revolution. As we know, Martin Heidegger did not remove the question of being and selected names for it, because he was looking for an appropriated lawn and a boundary, beyond which the exit to the lawn opens. This article offers a look at this problematic in the contextual name of metaphysic – Seyn.

Maturing through Learning: A Study of the Concept of Learning in the Analects

Human beings, as historically developing entities, exhibit a development that aligns with societal progress. Achieving the essence of humanity requires attention to both self-development and the establishment of reasonable social norms. As a classic Confucian work, The Analects constructs an ideal of human character and social ethics. It not only envisions the realization of personal ideal values but also proposes a vision for the actual order of society. For the former, The Analects delineates the Junzi personality as an ideal for individuals to strive for. For the latter, it embodies the concept of governing the world with the principles outlined in half of the Analects. In the context of the era, The Analects provides valuable insights into unifying the ideal and the actual aspects of human existence through the path of learning . Only through continuous self-overcoming in the process of learning can one become a constantly evolving historical being, achieving the ideal of the Junzi personality and the unity of inner sage and outer king . Therefore, this paper begins with the concept of learning to examine Confucius s philosophy of learning. Specifically, learning arises through the objectification of the individual and society, and through analyzing these relationships, it generates valuable thoughts applicable to today s context.

Unbridled Imagination and Imperturbable Logic

The Theatre du Grande Guignol was in operation between 1897 and 1962; during its tenure, it provided entertainment to the Parisian masses. This paper seeks to prove that the violent entertainment shown in the Theatre du Grand Guignol epitomizes a microcosm of the broader historical, technological, and theatrical changes during its 65 years in operation. Through primary source documents, such as the plays being performed, and secondary sources, such as French historical documents, this analysis consolidates these informative texts to understand the bigger picture of the Theatre in the grander context of human experience. The violent nature being represented on the stage of the Guignol soon reflected the brutal nature of World War Two, thus blurring the lines between fact and fiction, art and life, imagination and reality. This opens up a discussion on the essence of humanity and its ensuing effect on the entertainment industry leading into the modern day, and the enduring macabre fascination with gruesome spectacle.

Modern Human Essence in the Quran: Comparative Views of Muhammad Iqbal and Plato

This study explores the essence and dimensions of modern humanity from the perspective of the Quran, focusing on the views of Muhammad Iqbal and Plato. In modern society, there is a prevailing notion that religion and science are irreconcilable entities, complicating the understanding of their relationship. This study aims to analyze the views of Iqbal and Plato on the essence and dimensions of modern humanity. The research method employed is a literature review, utilizing primary data from Iqbal's “The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam” and Plato's “The Republic.” Secondary data include books, journals, essays, and other relevant sources. The findings indicate that Iqbal perceives the essence of humanity in its spiritual entity, complemented by intelligence, belief, and morality, while Plato identifies three essential elements of humanity: spirit, reason (intellect), and desire (appetite).

The substantiality of “zaman” in the worldview of Abai and Shakarim

In the Kazakh worldview, the issue of the variability of the world is extensive. This variability extends beyond just time, encompassing changes in nature, the world, and even the appearance of individuals. Referred to as “zaman”in the Kazakh worldview, the changing of time and individuals are seen as equivalent. It is debated whether individuals influence time, time influences individuals, or if both are influenced by external phenomena. Thinkers such as Abai and Shakarim, who defied the norms of their time, exemplify the ability of individuals to navigate through changing times.Abai and Shakarim delved into questions about the meaning of life, morality, and faith amidst the constantly changing world. Their works highlight the complexity of contemporary and universal issues, showcasing how a clear and open mind can navigate and influence time. Reason allows individuals to connect with a higher power and understand the purpose behind creation.The concepts of time, person, society, spirituality, honor, value, knowledge, science, and change are deeply intertwined in the Kazakh worldview.Overall, the teachings of Abai and Shakarim emphasize the importance of a sound mind, a pure heart, and a person free from vices. Their philosophies continue to hold significance in every era, offering guidance on navigating through changing times. The Kazakh worldview, with its focus on harmony with nature and spiritual values, provides valuable insights on the essence of time and humanity's role in shaping the futur

포스트휴먼 시대, 개신교 종교교육의 과제

[Objective] This study aims to examine the concept of ‘posthuman’ as a prominent issue in contemporary society and explore the key characteristics of the so-called ‘posthuman era’. It also seeks to identify the challenges facing Christian religious education within this evolving context. [Contents] To achieve this, the article defines posthuman and the posthuman era by focusing on aspects such as the radical enhancement of human abilities, the dramatic extension of human lifespan, the integration of artificial devices with human bodies (cyborgization), and the humanization of machines like artificial intelligence and robots. Furthermore, the challenges posed by this era include reconsidering the essence of humanity, reflecting on the legitimacy of posthumanization, discussing its societal impacts, and (re)establishing necessary social norms and institutions. [Conclusions] Consequently, this research suggests that Christian religious education, in response to the posthuman era, needs to guide, encourage, help, and empower people to live out humanity, pursue equality and peace, strive for cooperation and coexistence, and lead societal and human change.

Empathy and Self-Empathy in the Anthropological Dimension of Modernity

Purpose. In the article, the author questions rethinking the phenomena of empathy and self-empathy as modes of self-understanding of humanity and the inner intention to self-exploration of human spirituality. Theoretical basis. The research is based on the phenomenological dimension of modern anthropology and axiology. Originality. The change of the traditional intersubjective approach in the understanding of empathy to an introsubjective one and the affirmation of self-empathy as one of the defining existences in human beings, which is adjusted by the altruism-egoism value scale and forms the skills of unconditional empathic action towards the Other as a mode of self-exploration in the spiritual essence of a person are argued. Conclusions. The commonplace in a wide palette of research views on empathy is the construct for the Self – Other disposition and the intersubjective approach emphasizing the object of empathy. Transformation of the intention vector of empathic consciousness from the object to the subject of empathic action opens up deep possibilities of spiritual improvement as a way of self-awareness in the human essence. The transformation of the intention vector of empathic consciousness from intersubjective (I in the Other) to introsubjective (I through the Other) has the potential for spiritual development according to the altruism-egoism value scale. Empathy as an introsubjective position of self-exploration is inseparably connected with self-empathy, which in the mutual integration of its three main components – benevolence towards oneself, reflexivity towards one’s own experience and a tendency to understand one’s fate as common to all mankind – forms an important regulator of self-understanding of a person’s spiritual potential and the possibility of the practical extrapolation for these skills to an empathic way of communication at all levels of anthropo-being. Anthropological accentuation on the inner essence and meanings of human existence is carried out through intuition and self-altruism as the fading of pragmatic interest in the socially conditioned Self (Ego) and immersion in the essential Self – the bearer of the universal spiritual in a person. Self-empathy is considered in the context of the ideas of Stoicism as a deep self-immersion in the human essence and sensitivity to immediate emotional internal states, as a construct of emotional intelligence and a way of realizing individual uniqueness in the context of the metamodern concept of atopy. Self-empathy is defined as one of the key existences in human beings, which forms the skill of altruistic (unconditional) implementation of empathy.

Penguatan Nilai-Nilai Luhur Pancasila Dalam Al-Qur’an Kepada Peserta Didik Pada Layanan Bimbingan Konseling

Counselors as teacher's guidance and counseling should provide reinforcement of the noble values ??of Pancasila in the Qur'an in teaching and learning activities so that students are able to control themselves as good and obedient students in the life of the nation and state. Pancasila sublime value is embedded as the foundation of the Indonesian people who are the spirit of the nation. Administratively, in the 1945 Constitution, Pancasila contains the values ??of national character education which play an important role as a spiritual dimension, a cultural dimension and an institutional dimension. For this reason, the noble values ??of the Pancasila should be practiced in life and lived rather not only as symbols. Often the slogan of the Pancasila noble values ??is a guideline for the life of the nation and state and a reflection of religion because Pancasila itself is contained in the Qur'an itself. Indeed, the precepts in Pancasila, accept things, which are also new to Muslims. Affirmation to the essence of God, humanity, unity, deliberation and justice is a terminology that is widely used in the Qur'an to be the goal of Islamic prescribed. The problem among the natives with the packaging of Pancasila is indigenous (non-Arabic) so that the taboo and blind people judge it as a value that comes from religion. In this case, this article will be discussed in depth and analytically so as to be able to open up the discourse of thinking about the noble values ??of the Pancasila itself contained in the Qur'an.

THE NOSTALGIA BEHIND THE DECONSTRUCTION OF DEATH AND ITS PERSONIFICATION IN TERRY PRATCHETT’S DISCWORLD

The paper explores the portrayals of nostalgia and the notion of death in the popular fantasy book series Discworld, written by Terry Pratchett. In the novels, death is not depicted as a mere natural phenomenon but rather as a recurring, fully developed character whose role throughout the series is manifold and essential to convey the author’s underlying doctrine. Firstly, the paper is to briefly demonstrate the relevant perspectives on nostalgia by Davis (1979), Boym (2001,2007), and Salmose (2019) and their relation to the topic of the paper. The following part is to exemplify Pratchett’s illustrations of death and the nostalgia they convey, as well as to uncover the philosophy behind the deconstruction of conventional supposition towards humanness and dying. The character of Death simultaneously functions as an objective observer of humanity and a subjective participant who frequently fails to meet the criteria of being a human. It is precisely through these instances that Pratchett invokes the uniquely human mixture of follies and decency he glorifies throughout his oeuvre. The analysis is generated by presenting different narratives centered on the character of Death, which often encompass nostalgic views on the simplicity of life in the past and the loss of human essence associated with the deteriorating social values of the contemporary era. Therefore, the research aims to investigate Pratchett’s purportedly nostalgic personification of death in relation to his depiction of the aforementioned concerns.

Monstrosity and the Search for an Identity in Frankenstein

This work provides an insightful analysis of Mary Shelley’s exploration of social norms, otherness, and acceptance in Frankenstein. It examines how Shelley challenges traditional perceptions of beauty and humanity through Victor Frankenstein's endeavour to create life, leading to moral dilemmas. The paper highlights how the creature's marginalised existence reflects social biases, driving him to retaliation. Victor's failure to acknowledge the humanity of his creation underscores themes of accountability and compassion. The paper emphasises Shelley's juxtaposition of Victor's actions and the creature's plight to expose society's inclination to ostracise deviations from the norm. Furthermore, it thoroughly examines creator-creation intricacies and the "self" versus the "other" theme, critiquing society's tendency to vilify the "other" as a monstrous entity devoid of identity and human essence and characteristics. The analysis stresses the need for understanding identity deprivation and the construction of monstrosity in society. This comprehensive examination sheds light on the intricate interplay between social norms and individual identity, urging a reevaluation of social treatment towards those perceived as different or 'other.' Through Shelley's narrative lens, the paper navigates through the complexities of moral responsibility, compassion, and social prejudices, inviting readers to reflect on the broader implications of human relationships and social constructs depicted in Frankenstein.

Reflexiones sobre la sexualidad y el género desde la perspectiva de D. W. Winnicott

Reflexiones sobre la sexualidad y el género desde la perspectiva de D. W. Winnicott

A Comprehensive Survey of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Application in Healthcare

The ongoing technological transformation, driven by rapid advancements in machine learning (ML), holds the potential to profoundly impact our lives and redefine the essence of humanity. Recent years have witnessed significant progress in ML, fuelled by the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) due to machines' capacity for large-scale data processing and management. The intersection of ML and healthcare encompasses both computer science along with medical science. Within medical science, ML techniques have enabled the examination of complex medical data, marking a significant advancement. In the healthcare industry, ML functions as the cognitive and knowledge counterpart of healthcare professionals. This paper explores the benefits of ML-based solutions and their applications in healthcare, emphasizing their role in automating data analysis for patients' health records along with making predictions per the extracted insights. The integration of ML in healthcare promises transformative outcomes, shaping the future of medical diagnostics and decision-making.